In
verse and dimensions, the brane is described as a similar thing to
superstring. But could that mean that brane is like flatten superstring
or layer? So I rather say, that brane is like a layer. (Image I)
The brane and the theoretical ideas of the quantum mechanics
Term
brane means a theoretical level-like mathematical therm in theoretical
physics. As I have written before the brane is like a layer or moving
layer, but modeling that kind of thing is difficult. The brane moves in
time and space. And the idea of the brane has based on the theory that
the universe is moving in dimension.
So the universe is the
bubble that is moving in the emptiness, and that thing is one of the
most interesting ideas. We cannot see movement, because there are no
points of reference, which we can use for helping the observations. If
we are traveling in fog or snowstorm, we can believe that we are stable,
if our vehicle would not shake or jump.
Open strings attached to a pair of D-branes (Image II)
If
the movement is stable and we can see only the fog, we cannot observe
the movement. The fact is that we are not seeing the movement of the
universe anyway, because we cannot even see things outside it. So the
thing is that we are like traveling in the airplane, which moves with
stable speed and we are closed the hatches, that we cannot see outside
of the plane.
But let's go back to the brane, what is like the
layer, what is moving forward. Normally in M-theory, our universe is
thought to be the 10th. or 11th. brane. So in fact there is the idea
that the "brane" is the sum of dimensions or directions in dimension. Or
the M-theory describes the universe as the connection of the five base
strings and the 11-dimensional supergravity.
The model how energy can move between dimensions or branes (Image III)
The
M-theory requires mathematical tools, that do not exist yet. The next
thing is not right, what the "D"-brane means, but they are the idea,
what came to my mind when I started to read about "D"-brane. So the next
text is straight from my head. And the official description for
"D"-brane you can see from Wikipedia from article "D"-brane.
D-brane
is an interesting thing because we can think that we are living in
D-dimension. If we are thinking that 0-dimension is "A", 1st. dimension
is "B", 2nd. dimension is "C" and 3rd. dimension id "D". The thing is
that we are normally thinking that we are living in a three-dimensional
universe. But the same way we can think that we are living in the third
dimension.
As I have written before all objects in our
three-dimensional universe are three-dimensional. If we are drawing a
line to paper, and see it carefully that line has length and width. If
we are looking at that line by using the microscope, we can see that the
line has also height. The pen mark is proud from paper, and that means
it is three dimensional.
But in the quantum world is possible
that there are objects, that have only one dimension. In Superstring
theory the energy and particles are forming of the superstrings, which
have only one dimension length. The zero dimension means the point, or
"non-existed dimension". So what is making the "D"-brane model
interesting? If we are thinking that the 4th. and 5th. dimensions are
"E" and "F" branes, we could bring energy from those dimensions to our
"D" brane if we can put open superstrings moving between those branes.
Isn't that simple dear Dr. Watson? If we can make the open strings
travel between dimensions we can create the energy source, which is
unlimited.
So if the universe travels in the dimension, that
thing would not make a change to the energy level in the universe.
Forming the energy requires friction or some kind of interaction between
particles. Because there is no significant level of material outside
the universe that thing doesn't bring the energy from outside to the
universe. The fact is that if there is another universe, the radiation
that comes from those other universes will affect our universe.
https://www.nature.com/articles/35003679
https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10137
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brane
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-brane
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-theory
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_theory
Image I https://verse-and-dimensions.fandom.com/wiki/Brane
Image II: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brane
Image III: https://www.nature.com/articles/35003679
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