The laptop broke the "post-quantum" cryptography scheme that was meant to protect information against quantum computers.

Image Source: (https://www.quantamagazine.org/‘Post-Quantum’ Cryptography Scheme Is Cracked on a Laptop)

The fact is that quantum computers are a new thing. Those new and powerful systems are making the regular, binary cryptography old-fashion. Traditional RSA cryptography is very easy to break by using quantum computers. 

So there it needed a new algorithm that can protect networks against quantum computers. This is why NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) published the race, to create next-generation cryptography. The advances in quantum computing are huge. And that means those systems are turning more common. 

So maybe quite soon the first quantum servers are in use in private corporations. And sooner than we think, the first quantum-PC:s are sold in supermarkets. That means we must create new algorithms and methods for protecting our networks against quantum hackers. 

There is a problem that nobody knows what will be the next step in quantum technology. And there are many protocols and cryptographic systems tested against the attacks of quantum computers. But some of those algorithms involve mistakes. And one of them is broken by using laptop computers. That thing tells that even the symmetrical curve cryptography and other symmetrical methods don't stand against quantum computers. An algorithm is useless against quantum computers if the laptops can break it. 

The reason why quantum cryptography is hard to break is that the data travels in the form of a qubit. Because the qubit is the particle the attempt to steal information will cause the quantum states of that qubit to be disturbed. And that thing uncovers the attempt to steal information. 

Normally qubits are traveling in the protective laser ray. And that thing makes quantum cryptography more secure than we even think.

There is, of course, a possibility, that quantum systems can be hacked. But the time that the binary computer uses for that thing is extremely long. So if we want to break the code that is made in a second by using a quantum computer, by using a binary computer that takes over a month. This means real-time hacking the quantum systems by using binary computers is impossible. 

So if somebody wants to hack things like battlefield missiles that are using quantum cryptography in their messages by using binary computers, that will take so long time, that this kind of hacking doesn't affect the situation.

If we think that a qubit is like a house, or tower with multiple layers or states we can make quantum cryptography even more secure than it was before. In the case where qubit has let's say eleven states. We can use as an example states 5, 7, and 10 for sending information. So we must not use those quantum states successively. 

If we use only states 5,7 and 10. We might fill other states by using white noise. Or we can send things like images in those states. In that case, if somebody tries to open the message that thing will disturb other states and cause distortion in those images. That means we can see if somebody tried to steal information from the qubits. 

https://www.quantamagazine.org/post-quantum-cryptography-scheme-is-cracked-on-a-laptop-20220824/

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Twisted graphene can use in quantum computers and stealth aircraft.

The atomically twisted graphene will make lightweight quantum computers possible. 

Atomically twisted graphene can use in quantum computers. The waves of the atomic structure allow shooting qubits through the "waves" in the material. When the electrons or qubits are traveling through those waves, they can interact longer time with the graphene. So maybe some quantum processors are using creased graphene as a qubit. 

The graphene is acting as the sensor which will download data from the electron or some other particle. That travels through the net of the graphene. So the qubit is the entirety where is the transmitting antenna will send the data to the receiver. 

And in quantum-size systems, the electron will send the data when it travels through the creased or waved graphene. Each wave can download an individual state of the qubit. So maybe someday this type of material are used for lightweight quantum computers. 

The curved graphene can use in stealth aircraft.

But the curved graphene can use also in stealth aircraft. The graphene surface can have a waved form. And that thing makes it possible to make the layer which will also turn radio waves into another direction where it came from. 

But there is also possible that the twisted graphene will use in other ways in the stealth structures. If we are thinking of the 3D graphene structure that structure can trap the electrons in it. 

The electrons would drive to the battery or that electricity can conduct the back of the aircraft. That kind of system only would not make the radio waves will not reflect at all at least in the radio frequencies. 

But the thing is that there is possible to use create the quantum material which absorbs almost all light. The 3D fullerene would act as a photon trap, which captures photons between the layers. And that will deny the reflection. 

One of the things that can make it possible to create materials that are absorbing over 99,5% of light. The idea is to copy the form of the skin of deep-sea fish that is almost invisible in the darkness. In that case, the material would have a similar form with this deep-sea fish has its skin. But the artificial skin makes by using carbon. And only the shape of the things that minimize the reflection will be made to that structure. 

If the use of the stealth aircraft can predict there is possible to cover the aircraft with some gel before the flight. That means the outer layer would be the gel that covers the layer of the stealth material. That might have a very sensitive structure. In those quantum materials are very small details like quantum size hair. That means even the touch with that material can break the form of the stealth layer. 

That layer will be covered by gel, which must renew after a single flight. That gel will let radio radiation travel through it. And the layer below that gel is the thing that breaks up the reflection of the radio waves. That is reflecting from the layer. 

So if the use of stealth aircraft can predict the surface of the structure can be single-used. And the aircraft can be painted and covered by that gel after every mission. Maybe that kind of solution is not suitable for operative jet fighters. But strategic recon aircraft can use the material that must resurface after every mission. 

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The "Clearspace 1" collects junk out from space.

(Image I)"Illustration of Clearspace-1, a planned active debris removal mission". Credit: Clearspace SA "(Image: ScitechDaily)

The planned "Clearspace 1" is one of the first orbital cleaners. It's an AI-driven satellite, that removes space junk. The satellite recognizes the target automatically and then touches it and puts it in the box, which takes the junk back on Earth. That thing allows researching how the components of satellites can resist cosmic radiation. And that kind of data can help to create better materials and solutions for the satellites. 

The UK space agency has been funded that project with £1 million. That means there is a requirement for that kind of artificial intelligence-driven system that collects the junk from orbiters.

The orbital trajectories require cleaning. There are thousands or even millions of pieces of satellites, their parts, rocket stages, and everything else in space. And there is always danger that space junk is hitting the operating satellites. There are also nuclear reactors and other kinds of systems that can cause dangerous situations if they are dropping on Earth.

Those nuclear reactors contain highly enriched plutonium, and that makes them extremely dangerous. The small-size nuclear reactors are delivering electricity for the satellites that are using high-power radars or active sensors. Those reactors need to have a compact size and give very much power. So the nuclear fuel of those reactors needs the same enrichment level as plutonium used in nuclear weapons. 

Clearspace 1 has got its innovation from viruses. The system has multiple manipulator arms. That it uses for touching the satellites. This system can also have laser or microwave systems that can help to crush the satellite to the garbage can. 

Space junk is dangerous for satellites. And there is no endless space in the trajectories. The junk removal system is thin, that collets the satellites which mission is over and which are turning silent. The thing is that the "Clearspace 1" can assist the satellites in situations that their protective core is not opening as it should. And it can fix broken satellites if it has the right manipulators for that mission. So the same system can have many missions. 

Another reason, why space junk wanted to collect is national security. The highly classified parts of the recon and other military satellites are not wanted to get into the outsider's hands. 

Another reason why space operators want to remove space junk. Is that some broken satellites are containing highly classified information. Those satellites are used for recon and other military missions like satellite communication between troops and headquarters. So they are containing data that should not deliver anywhere. 

And that kind of satellite wanted to recover to Earth for investigations. One thing that the search team wants to find out. Are there marks for weapon use against that kind of target? Or is something tried to touch that satellite? Is there is some kind of damages that is causing by some kind of weapons? 

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The diversify data storages and their benefits

The diversify data storages and their benefits

When small units are forming the large entirety

Quantum computing means much more than the quantum processors. In data storage, quantum data means the bits, the smallest possible unit of data. If we want to store data safely, we must sacrifice comfortable. In this version, we can store our files that way, every single bit is in different hard disks. And if some of those hard disks will be damaged, the number of the lost data would be minimum.

Diversify solutions in computing are very effective and safe. The diversify computing means that every byte of data is stored in a different place, and if some allocation unit of the data storage is damaged, the rest of the data can be safe. And if we are thinking about the thing, what is called quantum computing, we might think that we are storing every single bit of data of the most important files in the own flash-memory around the world, that makes sure that in the case of damage the minimum number of bits is lost.

And if there is some kind of corruption in the files, the user of the computer can send the signal to the system, that it must start to create a new file by collecting those bits to one place. That thing could happen automatically if the program sends a signal to the data storage that there is an error in the code. In this case, the file contains two types of code. The file code, and the control code, what system uses to find out the problems in the file.

Artificial intelligence is an effective tool for securing the files. 

Every time, when the data is stored in the backup space,  every single part of that code is equipped with a tracking cookie. If the backup file is needed the artificial intelligence uses this code for tracking the code, what belongs to the file. And in this type of data storage, the system has multiple control mechanisms like mirror files and the storages, where is the length of the codes, and if some of those are changed, the algorithm starts to collect the new files from the secured sources.

If the size of the code has been changed, that might mean that there is a virus hiding in the file, and that means the code should be destroyed, and replace with a secured code. If those storages are as small as possible the firewall software would have a bigger chance to find out, if there is some kind of harmful code in those bits.

And then the system would start to collect the new file if it sees that the file, what is in the fast-use storage is somehow corrupted. If there is a problem the artificial intelligence can start to make the new file by using those control codes, which have the same mission with TCP/IP, and the storage system uses them to track the file code, which might be stored in multiple servers and hard disks.

So in this case, we must say that the human brains are also using the diversified computing solution. A large number of cells, which are handling quite a small number of data in each cell are making them very effective. The effectiveness means that every cell must not look for a very long time the data, what is stored in those cells, but there is one weakness in this way to handle data. And that is that human brains are a little bit slower than they could.

When human brains decide to work the signal goes across many layers of neurons, and the mission of some of those cells is controlling the signals. They are filtering the actions, which might cause unnecessary harm or danger for the environment.