A new dark energy model is a new way to see dark energy and its origin.

There is a couple of things that can explain dark energy. Dark energy is theoretical because nobody gets any kind of contact with that thing. Dark matter is the gravitational effect that dominates the universe. The problem with dark energy models is that universe expands too slowly that it can't match with cosmic inflation theory. 

There is a question can dark energy be some kind of "U"-shaped thing, where energy returns to the point where it left? For making that thing real. There is a needed two-layer structure in the superstrings. In that model dark energy is wave movement that forms a structure that looks like an apple. 

It looks like the Earth and its magnetic field. The dark energy will travel from the center to the most out shell of that structure. Then it turns inside and surrounds. When the most out shell of that hypothetical energy field touches some particles. It steals their energy and then releases it as wave movement. 

Can dark energy be the energy that same time push and pulls the object? That requires that there is a string there is whirl around it. The string is a standing wave movement. And the whirl pumps energy to that string. 

The string pushes objects away. And the whirl around that string makes the vacuum or electromagnetic low-pressure around that string. That structure makes it possible. That the same wave movement can push and pull at the same time. 

1) Dark energy is forming because of vacuum polarization. 

The vacuum polarization means that it also universe could have poles. If the universe itself is a polar entirety. That means it accelerates particles or superstrings. The superstrings that are forming particles can have poles. And that thing means that the polarization of the universe will accelerate them. So the dark energy would be superstrings that are traveling through the universe. 

The vacuum polarization forms the case where superstrings or particles start to travel to both poles of the vacuum. And then there are falling other particles or pieces of superstrings. Or wave movement in the middle of that particle starts to travel to the poles of the vacuum. And then another wave movement will replace that wave movement. 

Because replacing energy comes from outside. That means a quantum vacuum or polarized quantum will not produce energy from emptiness. It brings energy from the outside. 

2) Dark energy forms when the dark matter turns to wave movement. 

That model requires that dark matter is a so-called virtual particle. In this model dark matter is quantum whirls that are forming between particles. When those whirls are turned back to wave movement. That thing makes those virtual particles send wave movement to the universe. 

3) Third model is that the universe rotates around its center. That requires proving cosmic flow. 

In that model, there is a very massive mass center in the middle of the universe. And if all other objects are rotating that object it means centripetal force denies that galaxies will not fall to the center of the universe. That thing is called cosmic flow or "dark flow". And it's still an unproven theory. 

But if all particles and objects are traveling in the same direction. That means the universe rotates around one point. And there is a possibility that this model solves the question of why the universe's expansion is too slow. And that helps to fix cosmic inflation theory. 

How dark energy rips the universe into pieces, but nobody sees it?

The dark energy theory's origin is in Landau's free energy model. And quantum field theory is used to model it. 

"Unlike vacuum energy. which can be deduced only from the formulae of quantum field theory. The cosmological constant can be determined directly by astrophysical experiments. Measurements with the Hubble space telescope and the Planck space mission have yielded close and reliable values for the fundamental physical quantity." (ScitechDaily.com/Physicists Discover a New Approach for Solving the Bizarre Dark Energy Mystery)

"Calculations of dark energy on the basis of quantum field theory, on the other hand, yield results that correspond to a value of the cosmological constant that is up to 10^120 or 10120 times larger – a colossal discrepancy, although in the world view of physicists prevailing today, both values should be equal. The discrepancy found instead is known as the “cosmological constant enigma.” (ScitechDaily.com/Physicists Discover a New Approach for Solving the Bizarre Dark Energy Mystery)

 Dark energy is determined as free energy. That is not participating in the system. The problem with modeling that mysterious wave movement is simply dark energy is not interacting. And sometimes researchers ask why or how energy that doesn't interact can rip the universe in pieces. 

In that model, the dark energy is quite similar to gravitation. Gravitation interacts with visible and dark matter. So could dark energy be the mysterious "antigravitation"? Because gravitation interacts with dark matter, or otherwise saying mysterious gravitational effect, and visible material. 

Some physicists believe that there is a common particle in both versions of the material. But there is a possibility that dark matter is virtual material. In that model darn matter is a quantum whirl that suddenly vanishes. And when that whirl turns to wave movement it sends dark energy. 

Sometimes researchers offer dark matter explanations for dark energy. But the problem is that the universe expands too slowly. That means it doesn't fit the model of cosmic inflation. Cosmic inflation offered as proof of the dark energy. But the problem is that theoretical and real models are not fitting. 

Dark Energy is a mystery. It's the wave movement. That doesn't react, but that energy rips the universe into pieces. The problem with dark energy models is that universe expands too slowly. And that thing is the reason why dark energy is so hard to model.

Dark energy is a hypothetical form of energy until its existence is proven. The expansion of the universe is the thing that makes us believe in dark energy. But the problem is that the theoretical model doesn't match observations. 

When the cosmic inflation model was introduced the idea was that the expansion of the universe accelerates. When the distance between the objects increases. The gravitational interaction between them turns weaker. And then, the effect of the dark energy should increase. So dark energy should accelerate the expansion of the universe. But problematic thing is that the expansion is too slow. 

https://scitechdaily.com/physicists-discover-a-new-approach-for-solving-the-bizarre-dark-energy-mystery/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_flow

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_fluid

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landau_theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation_(cosmology)

https://visionsofbrightfuture.blogspot.com/

There are lots of data stored in superconducting material in the universe.

 

Scientists have long time predicted that there is a connection between the physical universe and information. All material in the universe can turn to energy and backward. So energy is wave movement. And wave movement is information. 

When we are thinking about information like wave movement and especially radio waves there is lots of data stored in superconducting material all around the universe. The problem is how to make that information come out from material? 

But if that thing is someday possible to make. That thing would bring new data about the beginning of the universe and even aliens. The thing is that the metal bites are storing data if they are superconducting. And that data can download to the computers. The process is similar to the qubit and the system must know precisely the frequencies and power of the radio transmission. 

The data is downloaded to the radio by using an antenna or the object will stress from the opposite side by using radio waves. And in that case, the radio signal is used as a carrier. The receiver will observe the changes in the carrier wave. And that thing will make it possible to return the data that is stored in the particles. Of course, the process is not so easy as I described. 

Sources

https://scitechdaily.com/physicist-quantifies-amount-of-information-in-entire-visible-universe/

The black hole laser can have quantum computer and communication applications.

How it works: diagram showing how a soliton (top) plays the role of a mirrored laser cavity (bottom). (Courtesy: Haruna Katayama/Hiroshima University)(https://physicsworld.com/a/black-hole-laser-could-have-quantum-computing-applications/)

The X- or gamma-rays can use for non-radio communication through walls. 

In some visions, robots of tomorrow would communicate by using X-ray systems. The robots are using cathode rays and X-ray cameras for communicating through walls. The X- or gamma-ray-based communication system can make it possible to make a communication system that is impossible to track. 

That kind of theoretical communication system is always immune against the radiosonde.  In the future robots can use X-ray systems for communicating in areas where is lots of radio turbulence. And if some systems like eavesdropping equipment are using X-ray LED for communication that makes them impossible to detect. And the same systems can use to make the X- or gamma-ray images of the targets. So those systems will be multipurpose tools. 

Hawking radiation could be an interesting tool for communication. 

The principle of the black hole laser is simple. The laser ray will target to soliton which increases the power of the wave movement. And when the power of the wave movement is high enough that thing should transmit Hawking radiation to outside the soliton. Term soliton means the wave packet that strengths itself. Hawking radiation is one of the most interesting things that can use to transmit data. 

Only black holes are creating this type of radiation. And that means the Hawking radiation can use to data transporter. There is the possibility to make a laser system that can transmit data by using Hawking radiation. If there is some kind of sensor that can receive Hawking radiation. 

And transfer it to the electric signal that things can use to communicate through walls by using some other electromagnetic radiation than radio waves. The Hawking radiation along with Gamma- and X-ray frequencies could open new routes to communication technology. Those frequencies of radiation offer a new way to communicate through walls. 

https://physicsworld.com/a/black-hole-laser-could-have-quantum-computing-applications/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soliton

Image:https://physicsworld.com/a/black-hole-laser-could-have-quantum-computing-applications/

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/2021/10/there-are-lots-of-data-stored-in.html

Expansion of the universe and gravitational waves are interesting things.

Gravitational waves are one of the biggest things that are discovered in the history of science. But the question is what gravitational waves exactly are. The gravitational waves are the things that are traveling through the universe. So is gravitation some kind of wave movement? Or is the gravitational wave the change of the mass of dark matter?

Scientists are not sure what gravitational waves are. They can be the graviton bursts around the universe. But the problem is that there are no observations about gravitons. 

There is only the wave where the weight of the material is somehow increasing. So there is the possibility that the gravitons are causing the gravitational waves. But another possibility is that the gravitational wave is the result of the radiation or wave movement between dark matter particles. The wave movement has a strange ability. 

When it affects the particles their mass is rising. So the easiest explanation for the gravitational wave is that it's the wave movement that is an interaction between dark matter particles. That thing could be the explanation for the question. Why do the gravitational waves seem to have no connection with another wave movement? 

If the wave movement is an interaction between dark matter particles. That means that the gravitation might not an independent force at all. But that thing is not sure. When we are thinking that model closer we are facing one interesting thing. 

When wave movement or particles are traveling outside the universe it will decrease the mass of the universe. When a particle crosses the gravitational limit of the universe that thing never returns. 

And universe ever gets that lost mass back. That thing will decrease the mass of the universe and increase the speed of its expansion.

Dark matter forms 85% of the material of the universe. But most of the universe is forming of the dark wave movement called "dark energy". Dark energy is wave movement that we cannot see because it doesn't cause notable interaction between particles of the visible material. 

There is one idea of what dark energy can be. The idea is that it's similar wave movement with neutron radiation. When the dark energy hits the quantum field of the dark matter it sends radiation that is invisible to us. 

But that radiation pushes the dark matter particles away from each other. And the dark matter wave movement would be a similar reaction that happens in the neutron bomb. But the scale of that reaction is much much larger than reactions in neutron bombs. 

Distance of dark matter particles increases when they are sending wave movement.  The wave movement is pushing those particles away from each other. When the mass of particles is decreasing the wave movement is pushing them away from each other harder. And that increases the speed of expansion of the universe. 

And another thing is that when the particles are sending wave movement that thing makes the particles lighter. So when the most dominating group of particles is sending radiation, that thing causes the effect, where the large mass of the universe vanishes to space in the form of wave movement.

The reason for the expansion of the universe. Is that it loses its mass in the form of wave movement. That travels outside the universe. Then we are thinking universe as the form of the bubble where the entire confirmed material exists. 

That bubble locates in the middle of the emptiness. Outside the universe is no energy that can interact either with dark or visible material. And the energy is transferring from the universe which is the higher energetic area to the lower energetic area. 

Material and energy are the same things. All the time when the universe sends radiation its mass decreases. The reason that thing is happening. Is that there is no replacing radiation when the radiation travels outside the universe. 

https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/page/what-are-gw

https://www.sciencefocus.com/science/what-are-gravitons-and-do-they-really-exist/

https://www.universetoday.com/153070/primordial-gravitational-waves-continue-to-elude-astronomers/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_wave

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

The speed of light is a relative constant.

The speed of light is constant. But it is also relatively constant because the speed of photons is different in different mediums. The curving photon comes to goal after the photon that travels by using straight trajectories. 

And the thing that causes the curving of trajectories of photons is the quantum fields. Outside the universe is no quantum fields. And that means light or photon is traveling there using a straight trajectory. That means two photons can travel in the same direction. But if the other photon travels with a more curving trajectory than the other. That means the other photon that travels less curving trajectory can reach the goal sooner than another photon. 

One interesting thing about the photon or the speed of light is that the gravitation affects the photons. That means that the photon that travels to the center of gravitation travels faster than the photon. That travels away from that point. 

The speed of light in a vacuum is 299792458 meters per second (approximately 300000 km/s, or 186000 mi/s). But the thing that makes the speed of a photon interesting. Is that the speed of light or photons in a medium like water or atmosphere is much lower. Then the speed of a photon is in a vacuum. 

And that thing is seen as the blue light around the nuclear reactors. The blue light is called "Cherenkov' radiation". The origin of "Cherenkov' radiation is in the particles. When those particles travel with the speed of light in a vacuum and hit the water. 

Water decreases the particle's speed to the speed of light in water. The energy cannot disappear and while the particle is slowing, it must transfer the kinetic energy to somewhere. When the particle slows its speed it must pump its energy to somewhere. 

And the energy that is released during the slowing process is visible as the blue light around the nuclear reactors. The same "Cherenkov radiation" causes the blue sky effect. And the blue flash of the particle that slows its speed is used in neutrino detectors. The flash of the light is also used in the free-electron lasers. When the electron is curving it releases the movement energy by sending photons. 

The thing that limits the speed of the light (or the speed of photons) is the scattering. The other photons that impact the photons are slowing their speed. But also the quantum fields around the atoms and other particles cause that the trajectory of those photons is not straight. Because the trajectory of the photon is curving that thing slows the speed of light. 

Outside the universe is no quantum fields. That means photons are traveling faster outside the material bubble called the universe. In that case, the "faster photon" means that the photon that travels by using the straight trajectory is at the goal before the photon that uses a curving trajectory.  

When we are thinking that the universe is the bubble where all material that we know exists. We might think that photons travel faster outside the universe. The reason for that is there are no quantum fields outside the universe. That means the photon can travel by using a straight trajectory. And that means the light travels faster outside the universe. 

The speed of light is not always been the same in the universe. In the young universe, the speed of light was lower than in the modern universe. The reason for that was that the scattering in the young universe was stronger than in the universe today. Youn universe was full of wave movement and traveling electrons where photons impacted. And the trajectories of the photons were more curving than today. 

What if we can create the straight-moving light? The reason why we cannot travel faster than the speed of light. Is that we cannot create exhaust gas that crosses the speed of light. 

Sometimes there is introduced a simple way to make the rocket that travels faster than light. The researchers must just make the light where photons are traveling with straight trajectories. Straight moving photons are faster than the photons that are moving curving trajectories. 

And theoretically, it's enough that the system removes quantum fields around the light source. That thing can make the photons travel faster than they are traveling in regular space. In regular space, quantum fields are making photons curving. And that slows the speed of light or photons.

()https://metro.co.uk/2019/06/10/could-we-ever-travel-faster-than-light-9632400/ 

()https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherenkov_radiation

()https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_light

Image()https://metro.co.uk/2019/06/10/could-we-ever-travel-faster-than-light-9632400/

()https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

Does the universe have no beginning, as Stephen Hawking thought?

"Timeline of the metric expansion of the universe. Where space, including hypothetical non-observable portions of the universe, is represented at each time by the circular sections. On the left, the dramatic expansion occurs in the inflationary epoch; and at the center, the expansion accelerates (artist's concept; not to scale)". (Wikipedia, Big Bang)

The question is: is there even the beginning point for the universe? Is it possible that there was no beginning for the universe? In this text term "universe" means the bubble of material in space. And space means the dimension where that bubble of material is hovering. The Big Bang is the point of spacetime where the material is released to the universe or space. 

The reason why singularity theory has been dominated the discussions about the beginning of the universe. Is that we haven't believed that light or photons can turn to the material. And when we are talking about antimatter-matter annihilation. We must realize that annihilation happens between all particle-antiparticle pairs. So quark and its anti-quark are also annihilating like other particle and antiparticle pairs. 

Annihilation simply means that the particles are turning to energy. And the ability to form material from light or energy means anti-annihilation. So confirming that thing opens the new paths for the Big Bang theories. 

That thing means we should define the Big Bang to the point, where the material was forming in the universe and the new tests have proven that the material can form straight from the energy. So where that energy came from in the case of the Big Bang? Maybe it came from other universes. And here I mean the universe is like the bubble where all material existed. But the space continues beyond this bubble. 

And that causes the theory that the light quants impacted with photons and formed the electron-positron pairs, that formed annihilation called the Big Bang. So in this version of the Big Bang theories the universe, or the space where entire material that we know existed before the Big Bang. And there was some kind of wave movement that turned to the material. So the Big Bang released material to the space. But it didn't form the space, where the universe is. 

When the light forms material forms the electron-positron pairs that thing causes an interesting idea. Is it possible that when the Big Bang happened that thing formed two universes? 

So if we are thinking that way the original Big Bang happened outside our universe. In that process formed two clouds of particles. The electron clouds where electrons were the majority and that cloud formed our universe. 

And in the Big  Bang also released the positron cloud or the cloud where positrons were the majority and the electrons were the minority. Then the material formed through the annihilation from the electron-positron pairs to higher particles.  And that means that the same reaction should happen in that another universe. 

Those two universes are the universe where we are living and the antimaterial universe. That thing is causing interesting ideas about the things like alien creatures. We have noticed that the particle can turn matter to antimatter and backward. That means there is the possibility to travel between those universes. But the material must turn from material to antimatter. 

()https://www.livescience.com/einstein-equation-matter-from-light

()https://www.quantamagazine.org/physicists-debate-hawkings-idea-that-the-universe-had-no-beginning-20190606/

()https://qsstudy.com/physics/pure-energy-is-transformed-into-matter-antimatter-by-colliding-with-light

()https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annihilation

()https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang

()https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiverse

Image:()https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang

()https://visionsoftheaiandfuture.blogspot.com/2021/08/does-universe-have-no-beginning-as.html

Universe from the Big Bang theory to the theory of Great Annihilation

Universe from the Big Bang theory  to the theory of Great Annihilation

At the beginning was something, what is called the Big Bang

Just after the Big Bang was only subatomic particles existed. There were many explosions during the Big Bang when particles and antiparticles touched together. And just before the hot Big Bang happened thing, what is called a cold Big Bang. During that process, a large number of particles released to the universe, and could those particles forming the thing, what is called "dark matter"?

The thing is that when those particles released to the universe there was nothing. And when the particles came to absolute emptiness, there was nothing and even radiation has not in that space those particles were not rotated. When the hot big bang started those particles just flew too fast, and the radiation couldn't reach them.

This means that those particles couldn't start the rotation movement, which is called spin. That thing makes them unable to react with other particles, except by gravity, and that causes ideas, that could the particles of dark matter create black holes or things like planets or even solar systems, what we cannot see?

So the thing is was the Big Nang some kind of wormhole and the material traveled across that tunnel. That thing could explain the form of dark matter. When the particles traveled through that tunnel, the electrons and quarks, what touched the "wall" of that wormhole or tunnel started to rotate, and the particles that traveled in the middle of the tunnel would not rotate.

That means that they couldn't get magnet field, and those particles, what traveled in the middle of wormhole turned to the "Dark matter". And then the rest of subatomic particles turned to electrons and positrons and quarks and anti-quarks. The subatomic particles reacted together, and then the material started to form in the quark fusion.

Is dark matter the electron that spin or rotation is stopped? Or is the dark matter the particles, what traveled too fast that the radiation from hot Big Bang couldn't reach them.

At the beginning of the time at the Big Bang formed two or three types of material. "Normal material" "Antimateria" and "Dark Matter". When we are thinking about the forming of the "Dark matter" in the Big Bang, we might think that the "dark matter" has been released first, and when those particles released, they couldn't react with other material or radiation. And that caused the effect, that the material, what could be the stopped electrons would not start their rotation. And that causes this material cannot react with other material, because of the lack of the magnetic field.

So again we are starting to think about the thing, which is called "dark matter". The question is what is why dark matter doesn't react? Is it something, like an electron, what spin or rotation has been stopped?

That thing would explain why it doesn't react with other materials. In the quantum world, the rotation of electron makes it acting like a small generator. The rotation movement would make the magnet field for electron, and when the spin of the electron stops, that particle loses a magnetic field, and that makes the electron unable to react with other material. But because the electron has the mass, that thing causes that dark matter has the mass, which reacts with other particles by gravity.

The direction of the rotation of the electron means very much

When Niels Bohr and other scientists created an idea of quantum theories, they would not even realize, how important those things are changing, when we are creating very small and fast computers. When we are creating an idea that new and more accurate models, what are creating new things for science, we must create more and more effective computers and in this kind of process, quantum theories like quantum mechanics turn very important.

The rotating of the electron is called "spin". Who cares, what is the direction of the rotation of electron. That direction is really important because it determines is the particle electron or positron. And if the electron turns to positron it releases a very high level of energy, when it touches it's mirror particle, what is the electron.

The thing that can destroy the entire universe.

So this thing has created one of the most horrific scenarios in the world. That scenario is that what if some force like impacting of black holes can make the dark matter rotating different directions? That makes possible that the electrons and positrons would start to hit together. And if this phenomenon will expand the entire universe would be destroyed in the giant annihilation.

Why connections inside human brains look-alike the megastructures of the universe?

Why connections inside human brains look-alike the megastructures of the universe?

In this text, I will use the word "megastructure" about massive dust formations that are seen while we are looking at the universe or the chains of galaxies and galactic groups. Why connections inside human brains look-alike the megastructures of the universe? Does the form of the axons or neural connections have a similar mean, what the number of connections has?

The thing that interests researchers do the form of the connections between neurons some kind of meaning? There is a possibility, that longer connections between neurons allow that more neurons can take apart to the process of what is happening in axons. And would that mean that more analytic persons have longer axons than less analytical persons?

This is a good question. The intelligence of neurons is a very well known thing because they are forming brains. And actually, a single neuron has some kind of intelligence. So when we are thinking about the similarity with the structures of the human brains and megastructures of the universe, we are facing a one really interesting question, does the brains copy the structures, what they are seeing?

When we are thinking about the formation of human brains, we can always say that we cannot see those megastructures like a galaxy and dust chains, because the light on Earth is so bright. But then we must realize that the human eye would see many things, what is not catching the awareness, but those things have an effect on the formation fo the human brains.

There are many mysteries in the brains of human beings, and at least as many mysteries in the universe. In one of the most interesting theories, the universe itself would be an intelligent organism, but the processes of that majestic thing would be extremely slow. In the point of view of the human-sized animals. But if we are thinking about the creature, what could be extremely large, and lives about 100 trillion years, that creature would live in its world.

That world would be similar, with the world, where we are living, but the size of everything would be huge, and this very funny but at the same time fascinated idea is coming from the observation, that neutron has two magnetic polar like planets. The philosophers thought, that this kind of thing would make one of the greatest ides, whatever created possible.

In the world of philosophy, those people don't need to prove things, what they say by using empiric methods. Only rhetoric prove is needed in philosophical texts. This thing means that neutron is acting as the planet, but would it be possible that there would be intelligent lifeforms on the surface of the neutron?

Or are we self living on the surface of neutron or atom? This thing has been created a couple of interesting adventure novels, but that thing seems very far from reality. But these kinds of things are interesting ways to think. The thing is that the megastructures of the universe look-alike the connections of neurons is one of the most fascinating inventions, but there must be some kind of reasons for those similarities.

Nothing is done in nature without some kind of reason. And if brains are forming similar connections, what galaxies are forming in the cosmic structures, that thing might be an only coincidence. But what those connections are doing in the brains? That is a really interesting question. Does the form of the connections in the brains cause some kind of things in the way of thinking? So is the form of connections and neural tracks the same way important as the number of connections.

About the crisis of cosmology

About the crisis of cosmology

The article of this text could also be "are we looking at the ball too close? That means that if we would see a ball-shaped universe too close, it seems like a straight layer. So is universe the giant bubble with many other bubbles, what has formed in the big bangs? Or is universe the single straight layer, what is endless. When we are thinking about the giant megastructures, we might think that universes are balls, what is on the straight layer. In multiverse theory single universe would be the ball, but what is outside the universe? Is there the straight layer, where is multiple universes in endless form? Or what is in the space outside the universe?

The universe seems closed, which means that there is a limit to that thing. And then we should think, what means the closed universe? That means that the Universe would be like a ball, and the galaxies would be on that layer. But then we might see that structure sharp, which means that the question is, what is outside of this ball. Is there the other universe, and how far would that another universe be?

Then we are thinking that the universe is like a bubble, what would expand faster than it should, we are facing things, that there is too much energy in that structure. Something inside the bubble pushes the bubble by using a bigger force than we have calculated. Or there is something outside the universe, what will pull it to it, and would that other thing be another universe?

Or it could be the group of galaxies or molecules, what is the size of the universe. But then we must think of the idea that the universe would be the layer. That thing would seem very easy because there would be stars and galaxies forever, and then somebody asks, what means forever at this time? When we are facing the cosmological paradoxes, we always want to try to put them in the simple model. There are many theories, that seem simple at first sight, but then they would become more complicated.

And one of those things in the form of the universe. That means, that if we are thinking about Big Bang theory, the shape of the ball seems more natural than straight 2D-layer, and this thing has made cosmologists claim that the size of the universe is so big, that when we are observing it, we would see the layer. And the argument for that is that we are looking at that thing too close. Same way as the Earth seems to be a straight layer, the universe would act the same way when we are looking at it.

But then we should describe the "universe". Is it area, where the material exists in the form, what we know. And that kind of thing is a really interesting way to think. The problem with cosmology is that when theory goes to the conflict into observation, some people want to transform the observation to fit the theory. That kind of thing is really interesting when we are thinking about cosmology as science, and the new equipment would bring new data for scientists, who must sometimes adjust their formulas.

https://tekniikanmaailma.fi/uusi-tutkimus-synnytti-kosmologisen-kriisin-maailmankaikkeus-saattaa-sittenkin-olla-kaareva-ja-aarellinen/

What is inflation theory?

What is inflation theory?

Sometimes, some wise men have claimed that there are three versions of inflation theory, and those versions are a little bit different from each other. The thing is that those theories are actually, connected to different situations or time, where inflation has happened.

And sometimes there has been introduced theory idea, that the inflation theory consists the three inflations, and those inflations are packed in one theory. But those three inflations are so different, that they might handle as three different theories, what are concerning the form of the material and forming of the dark material. So, cold dark material be the material, what was forming before the hot big bang?

1. The inflation before the big bang

Inflation before the big bang is theory, where the black hole or material center in the epicenter of the place, where that born of the universe has happened started to erupt photons. That thing was the so-called "cold" big bang what happened shortly before the big bang.

During that inflation, the material center of pre-universe started to lose its mass, and suddenly the giant black-hole type object just destroyed. The thing is that sometimes black holes are losing photon, and then it would ever get that photon back.

While the period before the existing of the universe, there were limits, where the black hole can take the particle. And that's why photons could travel so far, that the black hole cannot pull it back, and sooner or later the black hole, what don't get the photons back would "vaporize".

2. The antimaterial inflation

Just after the big bang there were formed the almost same number of material and antimaterial. And just after the forming of the universe the antimatter and material clouds were pulled each other together.

During that period the annihilation destroyed most of the material and turned it to energy. That effect formed the thing, which is called dark energy and dark material.

2.1. The forming of the dark material happened in that period, but what is the form of dark material? That material is a mystery, and sometimes it has been claimed to be the electrons, what is lost their spin. And at the next, I will say that dark material is stopped photons. Here I mean the cold dark material of course.

The form of hot dark material is in theories the particles, what are traveling near the speed of light. So could cold dark material being the stoped particles, what should otherways shine? Could other dark material, cold or dark being the material, what erupted to the universe just before the big bang as I wrote before in this text?

The form of the dark material is a mystery. We know that most of the universe is forming the material, what doesn't react. And the thing is that the form of that material has been introduced that it is forming the photons what are lost their movement.

That thing has based the idea that the so-called "super spring", what would be the thing, what forms quarks just push photons away from the atoms. The idea is that the photons are needed also energy for moving, and sooner or later they will stop, but that thing is also only theory.

The thought of stopped photons is conducted from the black holes, what are pulling the photons inside them. And because of the photon would be pulled in the black hole, the photon would what would travel opposite direction from the black hole must stop before it can start to drop. So that thing would happen also in the cases, where the photon loses its energy. Or are the photons only the far away from each other, that they cannot be detected?

3. Cold inflation

When the universe is growing the distance between the particles is growing. That means that the material would be thinner and that means that it would have less effect on the universe, or when we are talking about "universe" we are meaning the interaction between the particles.

And that means that sooner or later the growth of the universe ends. In the cold universe, where stars would stop shining, the conditions are extremely stable, because of the radiations of the stars is over. They are lost all their fuel and turned to black holes and neutron stars. If those particles cannot suck other particles inside them, there could not be the radiation, what will disturb the balance of the universe.

This happens because of paradox, that the disturbance in the universe, where is the low number of particles and radiation is very low, and then the particles are starting to pull each other together. The only particle, what sends the radiation can cause a disturbance, and that means that the energy, what has pushed particles away from each other is ended. And the gravity would give effect in the very long distances.

Could light sometimes fill the universe?

Could light sometimes fill the universe?

When we are thinking the form of the universe and the thing that the universe is a ball, where galaxies are on the layer, what is looking like a giant bubble, we must realize, why we are researching quasars. There is an interesting idea that in the center of this giant ball, which is called as "universe" is the quasar, what is alone in the middle of everything, and that quasar would be the place, where "big bang" happened.

The thing is that when we are thinking about the Universe, and it's a relationship with photons, we are looking at the darkness. The universe is dark because light or photons have existed only limited time, and that means the light has not filled the entire universe. Then there has been one interesting idea in my mind, what is connected to the form of the universe, and that thing is the that is someday possible that the ball, what is our universe would be filled with photons.

That means that the light would fill entire existence. But that thing is the thing, which is very unlikely because the universe is expanding all the time so that means that the universe ever fills with the light. When we are thinking about the universe, what shape is the ball, we must ask, what happens, if we would travel away from that ball, would we face another ball, what we would call as another universe? And would that universe form by antimatter?

Could there somewhere be the universe, what is forming by antimatter, or could there be the galaxy or single solar system, what is formed by antimatter? The material between the galax groups is so thin, that the antimatter could get a stable form, and form the solar systems or even galaxies, what is forming by antimaterial. Sometimes the antimaterial particles are coming to the atmosphere on Earth, and the source of those particles could be a galaxy or solar system, what is forming by antimaterial. Or could those strange particles come from another bubble, what is called as another universe?

That is a really interesting thing. When we are thinking about the most interesting theories like dark matter, or so-called cold dark matter, we are facing the thing that this matter doesn't react at all with other material. That dark material is the form of material, what is unknown to us. Some people believe that dark material is the key to the answer the question, why the great inflation started before the big bang. And actually during the big bang happened two inflations, where the material was getting the form, as we know it.

Before the hot or visible big bang the thing, what was in the place of the big bang started to erupt, and then happened the big bang. And then happened thing, that material and antimaterial was forming at the same time. In the beginning, antimaterial and material were existing at the same time, until the annihilation destroyed most of the antimaterial. There might be existing antimaterial in the universe, and sometimes the antimatter particles are coming in the atmosphere. So where are those particles coming? That is a good question.

One version of solar sail might give the ability to travel to the nearest stars

One version of solar sail might give the ability to travel to the nearest stars

Solar sails are impressive equipment because they are giving the ability to travel outside the solar system without external fuel. That means that the solar sail might have an impressive capacity for researching the solar system because the solar sail itself would not need any kind of fuel. But there is a possibility to make solar sails even more impressive than so-called passive sails.

If we would cover the extreme thin mylar layer with the silicon panels, what would give the electricity for the systems of the probe, that allows it to use ion motors, what would give more thrust than the sail itself could give. But when we are thinking about the solar sail and things, what is giving extreme high speed, we could use the external power source for that kind of systems.

In some ideas, the extreme thin mylar layer would be covered with the metal layer, what consists only one or two atom layers, and then the radio telescopes would send very high power radio impulses to that layer, what gives the probe electricity. And if there is some material what could be steamed, the system would impact with the radio- or laser radiation. That steam would also increase the thrust of the solar sail.

So the idea of those solar sails is that they are using the solar wind for traveling, and far away from the sun, the solar wind has not a very big effect on the speed. And that is the key problem for the solar sails, what is safest and ecological ideas on how to travel outside from the solar system. The hybrid solutions are very interesting ways to make that kind of spacecraft safer, and the connection of solar sails with the antimatter or some other exotic rocket solutions.

The idea is that solar sails would carry the spacecraft away from earth, and then the main engine would start. That kind of things are saving fuel and in destiny, the solar sails would also break the extreme fast spacecraft. If the solar sail would open near the targeted star, that thing will work like giant airbrake, what will slow the speed of the probe.

One solution what is forgotten when we are thinking about hybrid spacecraft is to use the solar sail as the giant antenna, what would induct the electricity to the spacecraft from the radio waves, what would send to it by using masers, as I have written before. But there is another way to increase the speed, and that is cover the solar sail with uranium or plutonium.

Then there would cause the fission in that layer by warming it or target the particle shower what comes from nuclear reactor to that layer. That system is the less radical version of the motor, what is created for antimatter rocket. The big surface area would help to decrease the temperature of fission and in those solutions the cooling the reactor is easier because the giant solar sail would help to decrease the temperature.

That system would base the technology, where the nuclear reactor is between the solar sail and the exhaust channel. The nuclear particles from the reactor would cause fission in the uranium layer, and also the particles what are sending backward would give thrust for the probe. And instruments might be far ahead of the motor after a very long stick, where are lots of highly radioactive material, what can disturb sensors.

About theories of the Universum as the intelligent structure

About theories of the Universum as the intelligent structure

At first, I must say that there might be the biggest scientific sensation in the world, whatever has been explored might be true. The magnetic bridge is formed by radio waves between the two galaxies has been found. Or the first evidence about those things has been found when scientists have observed the radio wave bridge between the galactic clusters.  And that thing would mean that the wormholes would be true.

When we are thinking about travelling between galaxies there are two possible ways to make that thing.  Those both things would be the wormhole, but those wormholes would be acting a little bit different ways. Another way would be using the wormhole or tunnel through another dimension. But another way to use wormhole as the travel between the distances would just make things that are used in the quantum teleportation.

The thing would benefit the electromagnetic line between galaxies or neutron stars. In that case, the electromagnetic radiation would raise the mass of the particle, and that causes slowing time. When the particle would travel in the electromagnetic line or ray, the electromagnetic radiation would act as some kind of particle accelerator. That would revolutionize our way to think about the long-distance traveling. The magnetic bridge connects two galaxies would also open new dimensions in the research the quantum computers, and the intelligence itself.

https://www.sciencealert.com/a-vast-magnetic-field-bridge-is-stretching-between-two-merging-galaxy-clusters

Hypothesis about the thing that could the universe itself be intelligent entirety?

Many philosophers have been introduced ideas about this. On the Internet, people have been introduced many imaginational and unbelievable theories about the Universe as the intelligent form, what would seem very rare theory. But those people are arguing this thing by the similarities with the human brains and the cosmic structures. When ve are thinking about this kind of thing, there has been theory, that the human race and the entire universe are projection in the brains of some strange organism.

That idea is the transformation of the thought that the universe would be the computer program or some kind of simulation, and the giant megastructures, what telescopes have seen would be a projection of the brains. When we are thinking about those things, we would start to understand that often we don't see the forest from trees. We are looking at a single tree when we should look at entirety, and then the things in the puzzle would turn in the right place, and those things like giant structures would bring the great surprises for the science.

When we are thinking about the megastructures of galaxies, the thing would be that the two giant galactic structures might be like the cerebral hemisphere. In this idea, the quasar between those structures might be acting like Pineal Gland, and synchronize the actions of those giant structures. But this thing is only playing with words.

If the intergalactic bridges would be possible, and the galactic megastructures would be the neurons, the bridge between galaxies allows those parts of the structure to communicate together. That would happen by the thing, that neurotransmitters would be packed in an electromagnetic black hole and send to another galaxy. Of course, those things might feel a little bit radical, but in the universe is many mysteries about those things.

What was before the Big Bang is connected to the thing, how the universe ends

What was before the Big Bang is connected to the thing, how the universe ends

In the beginning, I must say, that the Universe is not stable, because it always changing and expanding. But what kind of thing would be the end of the universe will be, when all stars are stopped their shine, and the only existing things are black holes and single particles like electrons, protons, and neutrons.

When the energy of the stars in the universe ends the spin of neutrons and other particles would end because they don't get the outcome energy. That energy has kept those particles spinning, and the thing is that does the existence of neutrons and protons depend on their spin. If the spin of the particle is very fast, the time will slow in that particle regardless of their size.

That means that if the spin of the neutrons and protons would be ended, the time in that particle would start to run extremely fast. And if we think that way, the particle would start to get older extremely fast, and then it would just break. The thing in this thought is at least every particle are destroying because gluons cannot keep quarks together anymore.

In this kind of theories, the key question is how small bites particles of material can be cut? When we are the thing about the super springs what is forming the electrons and quarks, we might ask, is there some other particles after that particle. And then we might ask, is time energy?

The answer why we have started to believe things like the multiverse is the big bang. Material or energy cannot come from emptiness, and that means that if we would explain the big bang, we must realize that just before the big bang started the cosmic inflation, what would be explained by the eruption of the giant black hole.

What was the big bang itself? The giant energy eruption, what turned the most of the material to the form, what is called as dark material. That material is unknown for us, and sometimes I have thought that is it possible that the dark material is the photons, what movement has been ended.

But the thing is that the lightspeed in the universe is stable except near black holes, or in the medium. But could the photon stop? Or could it somehow lose its energy, what is like stopping that particle? If we think the situation, where photon travels in the space, where is no energy sources, and no stars or anything else, that case could cause a very interesting situation.

When we are thinking about the photon as a particle, we must realize that it cannot travel forever, and someday the universe has been grown so big, that there is no ability to see any galaxy, and the distance between particles is very huge. The distance between electrons might be lightyears, the lonely photons would get the movement energy from nowhere, and when we are thinking that kind of cases, we must think that there are two things what can happen to the photon.

The photon can travel longer and longer until it faces some wall. Or does it someday end its journey in the emptiness? When we are thinking about the end of the universe. The time when there is no stars existed and the neutron stars would be the only sender of the light if they face some planet.

In that universe, the dominant stars are black holes, because of the radioactive material and then the rest of the material has been destroyed, and when the last stars are forming and destroyed starts the new inflation. That inflation would cause first that the radioactive particles have been ended from the universe and then neutrons start to scatter.

The reason why neutrons exist in our universe is that the radiation would keep the quarks together. The spin of the particles in the atom would cause the breaking of neutrons is so unusual.

But when the electromagnetic energy pumping to atoms ends, the spin or rotation of the particles would be ended. The thing why the outcoming radiation is so important for existing of neutrons is the spin and the thing what makes it so interesting is that if the spin of the particle would be high enough, the time inside that particle would get slower.

So the question is that is the level of energy connected with time? When we are thinking about the slowing time when the speed is increasing like Albert Einstein has been said, this means one very interesting thing. Does the time correlate with energy? Probably the thing is that and in this idea is one thing what we ever thought or talked and that is, "if the spin is ended the time would go faster and the particles would be elder faster". This is one way to think about the universe and multiverse.

Technical solutions and futuristic things, what people usually don't think

This text, what I now write is the pure hypothetical thing, but if we are returning the last text, and think that the Scorpion-pharaoh was humanoid, who was sitting on the all-terrain vehicle, what had the legs, what is copied from the arthropods, we must understand one thing. When we are writing about aliens, we are always believing that those characters would come from the planet, or conditions where is extremely weak gravity.

The thing is that if that hypothetical alien would come from the planet or conditions, where is the weak gravity that alien or character needs the vehicle, what to use in the stronger gravity, and the feet would give that device very good ability to travel in heavy terrain. Of course, that fictional alien would need the headrest, that the head would be straight.

When we are thinking about the thing, that the character, what comes from the weaker gravity wants to come to another planet where is stronger gravity, that character needs extremely good bodybuilding techniques. One version of the extreme bodybuilding is to use very heavy suits, and this was the method, how medieval knights made muscles for using very heavy swords and other combat equipment.

The purpose of the panel armour was to help the knight to create power and coordination. If we would think the hypothetical moon colonies, the heavy space- or moon suit would help to keep the muscles of those colonialists strong. When we are thinking about the stable colonies of the moon, we must think that someday there would be the people, who would ever visit Earth, and maybe someday those people would come to Earth as tourists.

And in that case, there would be necessary to have physical training for that journey, when the colonialists. Who have spent all their life in the Mars or Moon need training because without that training the weak muscles would make that person impossible to operate or being on the Earth comfortable.

But the main chapter is that the many great ideas would come from somewhere than planned process. Or what would you think about the suit, what would work like the airbag of the cars? That suit would be the normal overalls, which are equipped with the gas bags, which can be filled in seconds if the gas is stored in the high-pressure bottles.

The system would work that way the overalls would have system what recognizes the change of speed, and then the gas bags inside the overalls would fill with high-pressure gas. That would turn the suit to protect the inmate like an airbag, that covers the entire body, and that would deny the breaking the bones while the inmate is rolling down the slope, and after that, the gasbags in the suit can pull empty by using pumping system. That transforms this kind of suits back to the normal overalls.

If the suit would be filled by using liquid hydrogen that solution can be used in the highly radioactive area. The suit would need the extreme good thermal insulation between the skin and the liquid hydrogen layer, but that would make possible to operate in the highly radioactive areas. And when we are thinking about the lightweight space suits, this kind of blowing suits what would cover the normal pressure suits would make possible to create the very lightweight space suits, what can be used also in the other planets than the moon.

On the moon, we would need an extremely heavy suit for keeping astronauts on the surface, and heavy suits would protect the astronauts against the meteorites. There is also one thing, what the heavy suit would allow the futuristic moon colonialists make, and that thing is that heavy suits would make possible to keep muscles strong in the weak gravity field. But lightweight overwear type suits would be used in the cases when there would be holes in the space station.

Why the universe seems to expand faster than light?

Why the universe seems to expand faster than light?

The age of the universe is 13,8 billion years and the radius of the universe is about 46 billion light-years, so why the universe seems to expand faster than light? For making the solution for this problem more easy to understand, we must understand that the universe is like a ball, and the galaxies and the most of the material is at the outer layer of that ball. 

So breaking the lightspeed is the thing, what happens only virtually. When the object, what is at another side of this ball is traveling to another direction than Earth is traveling, the distance of these two objects, Earth and that object, what locates in another side is growing by the speed what is the speed of those objects calculating together.

And if the speed of those particles is the speed of light, the receding speed is two times the speed of light. Those particles are actually moving with the speed of light, and they would not break the cosmic speed limit.

Why the universe seems to be a little bit too large? The material started to form when the temperature of the universe decreased enough. And the material started to form at the outer layer of the proto-universe, where it still locates in tomorrow. 

But then we can start to think the form of the big bang, and that would give answer why the size of the universe is not 27,6 light years. The thing is that the big bang was not actually the point when the material would start to form. That means that at the beginning the universe was actually the mush of very high-temperature quarks and electrons.

The temperature must decrease before the protons and neutrons could start to form, and that means that the universe was the ball of the mush of the quarks, and the material started to form at the outer layer of that quark ball. When we are thinking about the size of this proto-universe, it must be quite big, before the temperature was low enough, that the quarks were started to form by those free quarks.

The explanation is quite easy to answer, and that thing is visible only in the extremely long distances. That vision is that when the particle sends the photons to another side, it would travel the opposite side, and then that means that the object seems to travel faster than light.

And the extremely long distance causes that effect because the object has moved very very much during the time, what the light travels to our direction. The lightspeed is stable, and the object would travel to the opposite side from our direction, and that means that the object would be at the opposite side of our universe.

The parallel universe theory or the multiverse theory explained

The parallel universe theory or the multiverse theory explained

The parallel universe theory is also known as "multiverse theory". The thing is that this theory is allowing the existence of the other universes, megastructures what we are calling as the universes. 

This theory determines the universe as the supergroup of the supergroups of the galaxies. Another determination for the universe is that thing is one giant megastructure of the supergroups of the galaxies. And the thing is that parallel universe theory allows the existence of other megastructures in the dimension than the megastructure, where we are living.

Parallel universe theory would also explain the mystery of dark energy. The dark or additional energy comes from the other universes. The idea in the parallel universe theory is that those universes can be in the same dimension, that means that they are in the great distance from each other. The universes can be one inside another and maybe in some black holes is another universes. That means that we would see the internal universes as the black holes.

The parallel universe theory explains that the universes are like pearls in necklace if they are all in our three dimensional space. Those universes might be in other dimensions, or they can be things, what is existed between the "Big Bangs",  

But universes can also be in other dimensions and other times. The last one means that the universes can follow each other. And when the old universe would collapse, the new one would form from the "Big Bang". That means that the " Big Bangs" are following together simultaneously but the time period between those things is extremely long.

And this theory continues that because the planets are forming the solar systems, solar systems are forming the structures of the galaxies, the galaxies are forming the structures of the galaxy groups, and the galaxy groups are forming the superstructures of the supergroups of the groups of galaxies. And the supergroups of the galaxies are forming the giant megastructures in the universe.

 When we are starting to think that cosmic megastructure, we can start to think that is it possible that even universes are forming the similar megastructures with the megastructures of the galactic supergroups.  When we are thinking about the parallel universe theory, that theory allows the existence of other megastructures what are called as universes.

https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/34710/what-is-the-difference-between-parallel-universe-and-multiverse

Time and the speed of light

Time and the speed of light

When the particle is moving in the Universe by the speed of the light something happens to time. The speed is slowing the time as well as the gravity. That thing is visible even in the gravity field of Earth.  When the particle is moving by the speed of the light, the time on the surface of that particle is stopped. 

This thing is visible in the tests, where the ions of the super heavy elements, what are existed only a couple of nanoseconds are driven around the particle accelerators with very high speed, what is near the speed of the light. And the spectroscopes have shown that the elements have existed longer than usual when the speed was extremely high.

Because of the clock, what is used to synchronize the GPS satellites are running in a different time if another of those clocks are on the surface of Earth and another one is in the satellite, what is in orbital trajectory. That thing that the clock, what is on the ground is moving slower than the clock, what is on board of satellite makes sure Einstein's theory of relativity, that also the time is relative. When we are thinking the slowing the time, the speed of the light means that time would stop.

And if we will continue this thinking process, in the special cases like near the Black Holes the time would turn to run backward. The thing is that if we would be on the surface of the rotating planet, what travels in the space exactly by the speed of light the rotation causes that the speed of the surface of that hypothetical planet would travel faster than the speed of the light. 

There is one very interesting question about the speed of the photon. The thing is well known that the gravity influences to photons like every other particle in the universe. That means that the gravity lenses proves the theory that the speed of the light can be crossed.

The speed of light can be crossed near the black holes. The light or photon reacts to the gravity field. And that means the black holes are proven that the crossing the cosmic speed limit is possible, because of the particle is dropping to the center of the gravity field with escaping velocity, like Isaac Newton proved a long time ago.

Because of gravity influences every particle in the same way even planets and stars would drop in the black hole by faster than the speed of the light. In theory, would be possible that someday, we would use black holes to travel by the speed, what is faster than the speed of light. 

And also Newton's law that the particle is dropping to the center of the gravity field with the escaping velocity, is proven that near the black holes the speed of light would cross because the gravity is pulling the light in the black hole. And that means the escaping velocity of the black hole is bigger than the speed of light. That means that there is a place where the speed of light will cross all the time.

The thing about the speed of the light would not be stable in the universe is a remarkable thing, because when the photon travels in the atmosphere of the planet, it speeds decreases, but in the photon comes out from the atmosphere, we must say, that we don't know does the speed of a photon increase again. The thing is that for increasing the speed the photon needs to increase the level of the energy.

Is time an illusion?

Is time an illusion?

1. What is the form of time?

Sometimes physics and other people are asked the definition of the time, and sometimes they got an answer, that time is a form of energy. The idea is that when the particles are forming, the protons start to rotate, and this rotation is called "spin".

This rotation would lose the energy or forces, which keeps the particle of atoms together, and also the spin would cause that at the last the quarks, what are forming protons and neutrons are released. This thing has been proven, when the particles protons and neutrons are broken. This is the physics explanation for the thing, what is called time.

2. The energy is stable in the Universe

Sometimes people think that if we would target the electromagnetic radiation to atoms, we would make them exist forever. That thing is possible for a small group of atoms.  But the thing is that the energy is not forming, it's transferring from the place to another. There is a stable mass of energy in the Universe, and the energy is only changing its form.

It can be in the form of material, radiation or particles like electrons and quarks. And it can turn to another form. But if we want to make our universe live forever, we must open a wormhole to another dimension, what brings energy from outside. This kind of things might be the problem of the civilizations, what lives in the distant future.

3. What is the physical time?

The end of the time would be the situation, where the energy of the atoms will end. The atoms get energy for keeping the electrons on their trajectories from the outer source, and if that radiation emission would not exist, the atoms would start to break, because the rotation of electrons and the spin of those particles causes that the atom would finally break. And at least the spin of quarks is ending, which means that even the particles of the atoms would not exist.

Or actually, they exist, because there is the law in nature, what denies that material cannot vanish. It can turn to energy, and when we are thinking about the situation, that the final star and black hole is broken, those particles would exist in the form of energy. The level of the energy is so low, that it is almost invisible, but the energy exists. But if we are thinking about the time, we must find some other explanation for the thing, what makes us older.

4. Are telomeres the reason, that we are believing the time

Telomeres are small parts of the chromosomes, and they are getting shorter in each time when the cell is dividing. Those things would cause the aging process of the living organisms, and that might cause the illusion of the time. But there is a thing, what makes time very interesting phenomenon.

There is one idea, what would make the species of the distant future save the universe when the material ends. That thing is open the wormhole to some other dimension for bringing the energy from outside to this dimension, and that might save the universe.

We cannot live without time, and we can meter that thing by using a clock. So there would be the idea, that the time is the virtual force, which means that we can meter that thing, but it does not exist. And that has brought the idea, that the time is only decreasing the energy level in the Universe.

. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ME3sjezuckE