The nuclear thermal rockets will take humans to Mars in 45 days.

The new nuclear thermal rocket concept will make it possible to transport humans to Mars, and back to Earth in 90 days. Nuclear thermal propulsion is not a new idea. In the 1970s' NASA planned for NERVA (Nuclear Energy Rocket Vehicle Application). NERVA rocket engine was the nuclear reactor. That reactor was in the combustion chamber of a quite conventional rocket engine. 

There were some tests for that engine in the Nevada desert in the 1970s'. But then the NERVA system closed. Nuclear thermal propulsion makes it possible to create nuclear-powered Moon and Mars shuttles. Nuclear thermal propulsion makes it possible to create flexible and powerful rocket shuttles. 

There could be two stages for nuclear thermal propulsion. First, the crew and passengers will shoot to the orbiter using a conventional space shuttle. Or they can use the laser-powered craft. Then the crew will transfer to the nuclear rocket. That kind of system can operate anywhere inside the asteroid belt. 

Nuclear thermal engines can revolutionize space missions. Those systems need lightweight powerful nuclear reactors. Those reactors might use plutonium that has a weapon enrichment level. Or some other highly radioactive isotope. 

If nuclear thermal propulsion uses hydrogen as the fuel it will not turn it radioactive. That means the nuclear-powered shuttles can operate from the Earth if that system can deny radioactive waste. If nuclear thermal propulsion can turn safe. It can use to transfer airplane-shaped shuttles even to another planet. And that system can operate from regular airfields. 

The nuclear-powered aircraft can fly for 15 years. And that makes them more. Powerful than we ever imagined. 

Plasma engines can be even more powerful than nuclear thermal propulsion. 

If the aircraft uses plasma mirroring. It can make the low-pressure area in the side where the craft shoots plasma. Those ions are making it possible that the craft can make incredible maneuvers. If there is some kind of low-pressure area on some side of the vehicle. That makes the craft will move to that point. 

The rumors say that the famous "Black Triangle" UFO uses nuclear thermal propulsion along with plasma mirroring. The idea is that the laser rays are making ions around the craft. And then the plasma mirror or magnetic field will push those ions away from the craft. That means the ions can operate for stealth purposes. 

Or they can be much more. The ions can make low-pressure areas in the side where the system shoots them. And that thing makes it possible to create a craft that can make unbelievable maneuvers. 

That makes it possible to create the nuclear-powered interplanetary VTOL (Vertical Take-Off and Landing). Nuclear thermal propulsion can give that kind of system abilities that no other aircraft in the world has. 

https://www.defenceview.in/the-worlds-first-nuclear-powered-fighter-jet-could-fly-for-15-years-without-landing/

https://www.sciencealert.com/new-nasa-nuclear-rocket-plan-aims-to-get-to-mars-in-just-45-days

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NERVA

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_triangle_(UFO)

https://interestandinnovation.blogspot.com/

The flight of NASA's Ingenuity helicopter is turning harder and harder.

Image I: Artist's impression of the Ingenuity helicopter flying over Mars. 

The helicopter that flies over the Martian hemisphere is a very impressive tool. It can operate in an atmosphere which density is less than 2% of Earth. In so low pressure even the smallest changes mean a lot of things. Today the pressure of the atmosphere of Mars is about 1% of the Earth's atmosphere because winter is coming to that planet. 

And that means the mission of that helicopter is turning more difficult. Soon the pressure is so low, that the rotors cannot rise that helicopter to flight. The same technology that is used in Integuinity can be used also for many other purposes. The high-flying helicopters can fly at 1% of the pressure of the sea level. Can be the next-generation tools for civil and military aviation. 

There is the possibility that the similar helicopters that the Integuinity are will use to rise the rocket which mission is to return the samples from the red planet to Earth to the launch position. And similar helicopters which are a little bit bigger can use to raise small rockets like Pegasus to the high atmosphere and launch them to Earth orbiter. That thing makes it possible to launch rockets without noise. The helicopter can rise to the high atmosphere even from the parking lot. And then it would just drop that rocket which starts its main engine. 

Image II:() Pegasus under its mother plane waiting for the aerial launch.

Also, those high-flying helicopters can operate as surveillance platforms that are equipped with infrared and radar sensors. Those systems can also use things like gamma-cameras and other sensors to find out things like radioactive targets. Those helicopters can hover above a certain point of the ground. And they can follow the pollution, changes in ice and water level. They can offer communication services and replace part of the satellites if somewhere is needed extra-power for the data network. 

Those systems can also follow the growth of the plantations. And they can be big ammo over the battlefield. They can observe aircraft that are flying under them and give warnings about the troops. Also in some visions. Those systems can equip with lasers or some other type of weapons like EMP and neutron bombs. That means they could be the "aerial minefield". If somebody will try to flight across those helicopters, they might detonate their weapons. If the system uses the EMP warhead it can destroy things like drone swarms. 

Image I()https://scitechdaily.com/nasa-ingenuity-helicopter-flying-on-mars-is-getting-harder-and-harder/

Image II:()https://eu.floridatoday.com/story/tech/science/space/2018/10/19/pegasus-rocket-headed-cape-canaveral-launch-next-week/1695240002/

()https://visionsoftheaiandfuture.blogspot.com/

Where water disappear from the planet Mars?

Where water disappear from the planet Mars?

Same time we must ask, where the atmosphere of planet Mars is gone? The answer is simple when the planet Mars lost its atmosphere the ultraviolet radiation from the Sun just cut the connections of the water molecules, and that caused that the water was gone. There is water on the planet, in underground storage, and maybe stored in crystals, but are there any lifeforms, and how advanced those lifeforms are been if they ever been existed. 

There are forms on the planet, what looks like cyanobacteria (1), but the question is are they real bacteria, and are those bacteria from the planet Mars and that means that they would be endemic species. Or they can be coming from some asteroids like Ceres or Earth, where the meteorite could fly away from the Earth gravity if some bigger particle would hit to the South- or North pole or the ocean. 

That thing can cause that the bite of ice would travel to planet Mars, and then the bacteria could be from Earth, but the thing, that would need to confirm that kind of thing is the DNA sample. But the problem is that the DNA of those fossils might be destroyed because of the UV-radiation, what comes from the Sun. 

Did somebody make secretive Mars-flight?

But if the bacteria fossils are found only in the small area, that tells that the bacteria is coming from some other planet. And maybe that planet is Earth, but what is the reason, why the bacteria is in one certain place? Is the reason some kind of meteorite, what has been traveled to the planet Mars from the Earth. Or maybe the reason for those bacteria is something, that we cannot even imagine. 

The bacteria ever travel between planets without some force, which pushes it away from another planet's gravity field. And one explanation is connected with the strange "skulls",(2) what are found on that planet. The thing is that could it be possible that somebody attempted to make a manned flight to Mars, and then the mission was failed? 

Maybe the thing, that was destroyed was some kind of test capsule, what might carry chimpanzees or some other test animals, and then the thing would face some kind of technical problems. There is a possibility, that the carbon dioxide pocket under the Martian landscape has erupted because the exhaust gas would release the gas from the pocket. 

Was the nation, what made that mission the Soviet Union? The thing is that the nation lost the race to Moon, and then it made serious plans for Mars flight, but then the explosion of the N-1 rocket(3), what mission was to send the nuclear engine to the orbiter, that the manned module could dock with the reactor, and send to Mars by using NERVA(4)-type solution caused that the program was ended. 

But were the Soviets send the rest vehicle to Mars is a mystery. There are lots of documents about tests, which are made by N-1 and other devices, but there is no single document published about this kind of launch to Mars, where the capsule would attempt to return to Earth. So this kind of thing is pure speculations. And the origin of those strange forms remains a mystery until they would be analyzed in the very sophisticated laboratories.

(1)

https://www.amnh.org/learn-teach/curriculum-collections/cosmic-horizons-book/fossil-microbes-mars

(2)

https://www.cnet.com/news/skull-seen-on-mars-will-make-your-imagination-run-wild/

(3)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N1_(rocket)

(4)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NERVA

Mars hates probes

Mars hates probes

The carbon dioxide pocket can do that thing, but there are many things, what we must solve before we can even think to travel to that planet by using manned spacecraft. One of the worst nightmares, that the spacecraft can meet is the carbon dioxide pocket, which would erupt if the temperature is near the boiling of the carbon dioxide. And in that case, the hole, what is left behind could be very big, and the craft can fall. 

There is a possibility that the caked sand has been stored carbon dioxide in its structure, and when the mechanic stress would impact that sand, it would cause the situation, that the gas would erupt, and the pressure would push the probe away. But there is maybe one thing, what might cause this effect. 

The place, where the InSight lander is located in the Martian Elysium Planitia, and that area locates in the ancient volcanic area, and maybe there is some kind of volcanic heat remain in that area. And if that place were the last places on the red planet where was volcanic activity, would cause that the structure of sand would be different than other places on that planet. 

If we would find the living organisms on the red planet, we must realize that those organisms can be in passive form. They could turn to hibernation when Mars started to cold. Or all of those organisms died, when the red planet lost its entire lithosphere, in the cosmic collision. That means that the famous "fossils of bacteria" would be bacteria, what were remain in some deepest holes in the ancient sea. 

And when the red planet lost its lithosphere, those bacteria destroyed. Or maybe primitive lifeforms could be formed in a short period after the catastrophe. That means that there could be some kind of lifeforms, what is living in the crystals of the sand, and use the water, which is stored in crystals. 

Sometimes those fossils are claimed only the error. The thing is that the structure of those strange things is looking like cyanobacteria, which are one of the most primitive organisms on Earth. And there is claiming that those fossils on the surface of Antarctean meteorite have come from the ice because the heat of meteorite would call those bacteria to its surface. 

And there is also theory, what explains the observations of the bacteria-like fossils, what have seen on the red planet. If those fossils are real, they could come from Earth, because of the giant meteorites that hit to planet Earth before the age of dinosaurs would throw the small bites of ice to Mars, but this is only theory. 

https://www.space.com/mars-insight-mole-heat-probe-pops-out-of-hole.html

What if we would want to establish the base on the surface of Mars or orbiting trajectory?

What if we would want to establish the base on the surface of Mars or orbiting trajectory?

Planet Mars seems an interesting place for the base, but the thing is that there are lots of problems with the long-term staying on that planet, and one of them is a weak gravity. As well as the strange space station concept, what is called "Solar Warden" has problems with the artificial gravity, because if we would think that those crews should someday return to Earth, the weak gravity in those stations would make the muscles of the crew members very weak.

So if the persons would want to live a long time in the space they would need so-called sumo-suits for keeping their muscles strong, and they should eat very much calcium for keeping their bones strong. This is the main problem in every simulation of the space station on another planet. And that kind of station is expensive operations. They should benefit the investors somehow, and that's why the artificial worlds, what was planned by Dr. Gerald O'Neill (1927-1991) in the 1970s are also a sophisticated solution for supporting the space industry.

But if the bones and muscles get weak, that thing means that the staff must be in that space station only short-term periods, but the problem is that there must need lots of people in those space stations. And traveling between Earth and those gigantic spacecraft would be expensive. So another solution would be that the crew just leaves to those space stations the rest of their life, and the third is creating artificial gravity what is strong enough that it allows a return to Earth.

Because of the gravity is too weak, the returning causes pain to those people. That's why this kind of thing must consider in the long-term space explorations. If we are planning the space station, what would make the artificial gravity by using the rotation movement, that thing would seem very effective and also very comfortable for making the artificial gravity field.

The thing, that would cause problems is that the rotation movement of the space station should be very high, because of the centrifugal force must be extremely high, that it can create artificial gravity. And in this situation, the rotation speed would rip the station in pieces, which might be one of the biggest hazards in the mission.

But there are some calculations, that the cylinder-shaped space station would reach the speed, what is high enough for causing a similar gravity with Earth, and that thing could be one of the most enormous machines, what human has ever created. If we are thinking that kind of artificial world, what could seem like some kind of city inside it, that thing could revolutionize the production in the space or zero atmospheric and zero-gravity space.

The zero-gravity factory would set in the middle of the cylinder, where are the zero-gravity conditions. And then the air inside the factory would be pumped out. That would create a vacuum inside it, and it can offer stable and balanced space for creating things, where is needed extremely high accuracy. This kind of artificial world can someday revolutionize the production of the materials and nanomachines. But creating this kind of station would be the long term process.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerard_K._O%27Neill

http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/crux/2014/09/08/where-build-off-world-colonies/?utm_source=dscfb&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=dscfb#.XaBKXf2U-dM

https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/today-in-history/gerard-oneills-utopian-space-colony-fantasy-was-a-view-too-far-for-nonbelievers/news-story/de14846cbe46fb4da115a24ed55c3aa0

Could asteroid transform Mars to the habitable planet?

Could asteroid transform Mars to the habitable planet?

The hitting red planet by using asteroid could make it habitable, say scientists. The idea is the one version of nuke that planet, and the idea is that the high-energy impact of the asteroid would vaporize the surface and carbon-dioxide storages under the surface and that gas would make the atmosphere of Mars thicker, and the transformation would continue by that way.

But there is another possibility what could go wrong in that case, because the needed meteorite is very big because it must cause the transformation in the entire atmosphere of the planet. The impact could send the very huge mass of the material of that planet to space. And otherwise, a very huge mass of the carbon dioxide can flee from the atmosphere of the red planet. This means that the gas of atmosphere, what is the key element in this kind of operation would turn thinner than it ever has been.

Of course, we could use the rain of meteorites, which will turn the planet hemisphere to lava. Those meteorites could also increase the mass of the red planet, that it can keep the artificial atmosphere easier. That thing would release the huge mass of carbon dioxide and methane to the atmosphere. But then we will face another problem. That problem is how we could stabilize the atmosphere. The weak gravity along with weak magnetic field turns the operation very difficult. And if the large mass of the gas starts to flee from the atmosphere would the project turn to extremely difficult.

But this kind of things is fascinating. One answer to make the atmosphere thicker is just bring the carbon dioxide from the other places like planet Earth, and then release it to the atmosphere of Mars. The carbon dioxide is along with methane very strong greenhouse gas, and when the planet would be covered by a very thick atmosphere, the vegetables like alga and photosynthetic bacteria can deliver to that atmosphere, and they can isolate carbon from carbon dioxide, just like they would do in Venus, in the plans that are made for turning Venus to habitable planet.

The surface of the red planet might be covered with radio transmitters or some other systems that will transmit electromagnetic radiation to space. The purpose of that radiation would create the electromagnetic shield, what will turn the solar wind or rather saying the ion flow, what comes from the sun away it's surface. That shield denies the ions to blow the gas from the atmosphere away from the planet.

But in this case, those bacteria are doing that thing in an artificial atmosphere. The algae would put in the tanks and the carbon dioxide could conduct through them, and the mission of those systems is to protect those cells against ultraviolet radiation. The thing is that what larger area those oxygenators would cover, the lower is the time, what transformation takes.

And the methane would also be suitable gas for that operation, because it is heavy, which makes easier to create thick atmosphere. The transformation of the red planet to habitable is only theory. But as I have written before this text the small size meteorites can be used also for another purpose, and that is increasing the mass of the red planet. If the extremely large mass of cosmic sand and stones would be driven to the red planet, that thing would increase its mass, and then the stronger gravity would help to keep the gas over it.

Elon Musk and nuking Mars-planet and terraformation of other words

Elon Musk and nuking Mars-planet and terraformation of other words

Elon Musk has introduced an idea, that we would nuke planet Mars, but the thing is that if we would want to just remove our nukes by exploding them the Sun would be better placed for that kind of an operation because the influence of those explosives would be minimum in that case. But in the case of terraforming the red planet, the nukes would be an effective way to sterilize the core of that planet.

The thing is that if we would like to terraform some other planet and live on its surface as we have lived on Earth, we must realize that there would be a problem with that thing. That problem is the primitive lifeforms, what can live on that planet, and one version of those lifeforms might be lifeform, what has been traveled on that world with a badly sterilized space probe. That thing can cause the evolution, that the bacteria would turn dangerous.

The problem of that thing would be the nuclear winter and a huge cloud of dust on that planet, which means that the increasing the carbon dioxide level on the atmosphere would take longer in that case. So nuking planet Mars would not have hoped effect. The thing is that before we can begin the terraformation, we must be sure, that there would not be any bacteria, what can cause infections.

But that thing is ahead in the distant future. If we would want to nuke some planet and hope to do something positive, we might think planet Venus. On the surface of that planet, the extreme nuclear winter might have a good effect and that would be a positive thing for hypothetical colonization of the planet Venus. But the radioactive cloud and waste would be problematic, and that's why we should forget those ideas of nuking some planets. But what kind of process the terraformation of the planet Venus could be?

Mars has very weak gravity and the problem is that the atmosphere would escape to space. And that's why the terraformation of Mars is quite difficult. So in the point of view of the stabilizing the atmosphere, Venus would be a more suitable planet for terraformation than Mars, because of stronger gravity guarantees that the atmosphere would not escape to space.

The planet Venus would have similar gravity field with Earth, and the problem is the extreme heat in the atmosphere of that planet. The idea would be simple, the carbon dioxide atmosphere would be filtered by using chemical filter and bacteria, what isolates oxygen from the carbon dioxide. And the level of the radiation would be decreased by using some big asteroid or mylar layer, which denies the sunlight from the planet.

Those layers could be like solar sails, but their mission would decrease the level of sunlight. And on the atmosphere would send the laboratories, what is connected with airships. In those laboratories would be grown the photosynthetic bacteria and cells, what mission is to increase the oxygen level on the atmosphere of planet Venus. Also, the sulfur eating bacteria, what would terminate the sulfur acid from the clouds of Venus, and the mylar layers would decrease the level of radiation, that the surface temperature of Venus would be decreased.

Sometimes I think that maybe someday in the future, would many other planets terraformed, and some of them might be members of other solar systems. In those cases, the surface of the planets might be sterilized by using high-power microwaves, because that denies the infections of the dangerous bacteria. But in those cases, we must feel a very great responsibility, because if we would create the new Earth, should we continue our lifestyle in that new same way as people have done on Earth.

What if there are some primitive but at the same way intelligent habitants? Should we play god to them and give every kind of technology in their hands, or wait that they could learn to make things on their own? This is the problem in the colonization of the Universe. But it is also been a problem with the relationship with Europeans and native people on the Earth.

And somebody has introduced a nice idea, that the human race is some kind of primitive villain on the Universe, and humanoids would follow, how we advancing. Maybe that is true maybe not, but this is one thing, what we should think if we someday will travel to the stars. In those cases, we could be the superior humanoids for some primitive humanoid race, and that's the thing, what we should think. Should we play god or let those beings alone? And should we destroy things like asteroids what are threating those aliens?

The martian face

The martian face

https://controllingsociety.blogspot.com/

Picture I

The martian face

Today is a good day to continue writings about the secrets of the universe. Because I wrote about the "Ruins of Cydonia", I will focus on one strange the object of the planet Mars. And now I will write about the "Face of Cydonia". Sometimes there are tales, that the face of Mars is only the optical illusion, but when the more effective systems are searching that position, there seems like to be an oval or scarab looking object. And the thing that there are many theories about this object.

In this text is two images, what are showing the chances of this strange object, what is first seen in 1976, and after that, the form of this place has been changed. Maybe the changing is caused the sandstorm or meteorite, but there is one very interesting theory about this strange object, what seems like forming again to the new form. That thing is that there is theory, that the form of the sand is caused because of nanomachines, what are copying forms. But we will return back to that theory later on this text.

Picture II

The thing, what makes this object very interesting is that in some photographs it seems like disappear, and others it seems to remain stable. When we are looking at radar- and laser scanner photos, what is taken of the "face" we would see sometimes the oval-shaped object, there is no face image, and sometimes the eyes and mouth are visible.


And there is one very strange theory, that the face would form again and again to the form of the face. The face of Cydonia is giving the idea of the scenario, that the entire planet can be covered with nanomachines, which will make a copy of things. This idea is strange, and it would be only the hypothesis until the first images of the Cydonia ruins are taken. This theory is that there would be hidden spacecraft in somewhere at Mars, which creates the nanomachines, which can make copies of forms.

Theory about that the martian sandstorms are nanomachines

Or another version of this strange theory is that the Cydonia ruins are the nanomachine factory, and those people, who have this kind of ideas says that the Martian dust storms are supporting that theory. In fact, those sandstorms can cover the entire planet, and this kind of thing is very strange. The size of the sandstorm is very large, and this thing has been given ideas, that the reason for the strange phenomenon would be the swarm of nanomachines, what would be forming in the factory, what continues it operation after hypothetical Martians have died.

When we are thinking the nanomachines as the weapons, they could sweep off the entire army in seconds. Those machines would travel like a sandstorm, what travel by using supersonic speed, and those nanomachines can terminate the enemy army in seconds. And in the worst scenarios, the nanomachines could sweep away entire civilizations, but this kind of things are only the scenarios.

Picture I
https://cdn.disclose.tv/sites/default/files/styles/article_image/public/img/post/2017/04/08/cydonia-mystery--the-strange-face-on-mars-138474.jpg

Picture II

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Mars_face.png

The mystery of planet Mars

The mystery of planet Mars

https://controllingsociety.blogspot.com/

Picture I

The strange objects on the Mars-planet

Have you noticed, that there is a Chrysler mark in the Cydonia heights, what locates at the planet Mars? The thing in the Cydonia is that there is a strange formation, which is known as the "City of Mars".  There are people, who say, that there is actually the city on that planet, what is made by the ancient civilization what could be dead or vanish when the red planet has lost its atmosphere.

Some other people think that this very interesting formation is actually formed by the volcanic action and that would be an explanation for those forms, but then the questions are, that what causes the strange shape of those forms? If the thing is the magnetic field, we must say, that the way, how it acts is very strange, and there are some theories, that those forms like "city" and "face" would have a connection to the phenomenon, what is called as the "ice geysers".

The mystery of ice geysers at the Triton moon

Those geysers are actually forming when the carbon dioxide is melting at the icy moons like Triton, and the thing, what makes those things very interesting, is that the melting point of the carbon dioxide is something like -78 degrees Celsius, and the boiling point of that gas is -57 degrees Celsius, which means that something would cause the situation, that the carbon dioxide is boiling in the Triton moon. The thing, what makes this phenomenon very strange is that the surface temperature of the Triton moon is -235 degrees Celsius, and those icy geysers need very much energy for boiling, and the similar phenomenon is seen at the planet Mars.

Below the surface of that planet is carbon dioxide pockets, what can boil suddenly, and those craters, what is left behind those eruptions can cause danger for space probes. The thing in those points is that when the eruption of the carbon dioxide starts the ground is collapsing, and if the probe is on this place, it can be destroyed.

When we are looking at the Martian magnet field, that thing is a very strange thing, because the magnetic field is a very local thing on that strange planet. The magnetic field is necessary for the atmosphere because it would turn the ions, what is coming from the sun away from the planet, and if the magnetic field does not exist, the ionized particles, what are coming from the sun would push the atmosphere to space.

Maybe the images of the Viking probe has caused because some satellite used accidentally the wrong radio channel for transmitting the image. 

Sometimes is portrayed the theories, that the martian sandstorms are causing the electromagnetic vortex, what will make things like "face" on the surface of that planet. And sometimes there has been claiming, that the sandstorms would cause the wormholes on Mars planet, and this vortex would make the face to that planet. Or maybe it's only the game of the shadows.

And before the end of this text, I must tell one thing about those strange forms, like the face and city and other things. That is the theory, where the images, what the Viking spacecraft have been sending to the Earth was changed to the normal satellite images because some satellite might use the frequency, what was reserved to the Viking probe, and accidentally send the wrong image in the place of the image, what should be from the Mars.

Of course, there are tales that the Martians who came from another planet would make that thing for some kind of emergency signal. And that thing has caused the theories that UFOs would be made by some ancient civilization, what has been left from Earth. But there is no evidence about that kind of things.

Picture I

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=PIA04745