Super-Earths and another kind of exoplanets

Super-Earths and another kind of exoplanets

Super-Earths are the most interesting thing in the universe, and when we are thinking about planets, what size or mass is about 2-5 times of Earth those planets can maintain lifeforms, what is quite similar with lifeforms on Earth. But the most important thing, in that case, is the atmosphere of the planet. 

And many times researchers have criticized that they are expecting that the life-forms of other planets are exactly similar to lifeforms of Earth. And that thing might be too much to expect. Those lifeforms could be very different than the lifeforms on Earth, and that means that even if those planets would be a copy of Earth, that doesn't necessarily mean that there could be as example animals. 

That means that the vegetables or flora don't need fauna for existing, and of course, those animals could have a hybrid body. That means that their skin could have chlorophyll molecules, which means that those animals could live in the atmosphere, where is no free oxygen, and that means that those species are both, they could be animals as well as vegetables. 

But when we are going back to think about exoplanets and Super-Earths, those super giant rocky planets what are forming the silicon and other solid elements could have a negative effect to the forming the Earth-size rocky worlds, where the lifeforms could be exactly similar with Earth, and the reason for that is simple. Those Super-Earths need very much material when they are forming, and that thing can cause those very heavy particles to simply tie all solid elements of the molecular cloud into themselves. 

And that means that silicon and iron would be lost in that cloud because all of those elements are sucked by Super-Earths. There is a thing that those supermassive planets can have size over half a Jupiter, and they are many times heavier than it. This means that this kind of particle can be extremely dominating in every solar system. But when we are thinking this kind of particles as the stabilizers of the solar systems, they can operate as well the favorable Jupiter as Jupiter itself acts in our solar system. 

But if the mass of that planet is two times of Jupiter, the right location of it would be a radius of two times farther than Jupiter, if the star is similar to Sun. And of course, the moons have also effect to the distance, which is suitable for forming of the habitable planet, because of seas and other things like rotation speed and the number of particles like dust between the planet and star also have affected the forming of the conditions of the atmosphere, where lifeforms what are similar with Earth can form. 

https://www.space.com/42813-most-fascinating-exoplanets-2018.html

Time and the speed of light

Time and the speed of light

When the particle is moving in the Universe by the speed of the light something happens to time. The speed is slowing the time as well as the gravity. That thing is visible even in the gravity field of Earth.  When the particle is moving by the speed of the light, the time on the surface of that particle is stopped. 

This thing is visible in the tests, where the ions of the super heavy elements, what are existed only a couple of nanoseconds are driven around the particle accelerators with very high speed, what is near the speed of the light. And the spectroscopes have shown that the elements have existed longer than usual when the speed was extremely high.

Because of the clock, what is used to synchronize the GPS satellites are running in a different time if another of those clocks are on the surface of Earth and another one is in the satellite, what is in orbital trajectory. That thing that the clock, what is on the ground is moving slower than the clock, what is on board of satellite makes sure Einstein's theory of relativity, that also the time is relative. When we are thinking the slowing the time, the speed of the light means that time would stop.

And if we will continue this thinking process, in the special cases like near the Black Holes the time would turn to run backward. The thing is that if we would be on the surface of the rotating planet, what travels in the space exactly by the speed of light the rotation causes that the speed of the surface of that hypothetical planet would travel faster than the speed of the light. 

There is one very interesting question about the speed of the photon. The thing is well known that the gravity influences to photons like every other particle in the universe. That means that the gravity lenses proves the theory that the speed of the light can be crossed.

The speed of light can be crossed near the black holes. The light or photon reacts to the gravity field. And that means the black holes are proven that the crossing the cosmic speed limit is possible, because of the particle is dropping to the center of the gravity field with escaping velocity, like Isaac Newton proved a long time ago.

Because of gravity influences every particle in the same way even planets and stars would drop in the black hole by faster than the speed of the light. In theory, would be possible that someday, we would use black holes to travel by the speed, what is faster than the speed of light. 

And also Newton's law that the particle is dropping to the center of the gravity field with the escaping velocity, is proven that near the black holes the speed of light would cross because the gravity is pulling the light in the black hole. And that means the escaping velocity of the black hole is bigger than the speed of light. That means that there is a place where the speed of light will cross all the time.

The thing about the speed of the light would not be stable in the universe is a remarkable thing, because when the photon travels in the atmosphere of the planet, it speeds decreases, but in the photon comes out from the atmosphere, we must say, that we don't know does the speed of a photon increase again. The thing is that for increasing the speed the photon needs to increase the level of the energy.