Thoughts of the futuristic image. And the "Cherenkov-thruster".

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This vision might be true in the distant future. The spacecraft has landed on the planet, which orbits the black hole. Maybe someday far away from this moment, some spacecraft will face this situation. But today that thing is only the imaginational or philosophical visions.

The image of crashlanding near the black hole is causing many types of thoughts in my mind. The question is can this kind of thing be the future of mankind? When we are thinking about the radiation of the black hole there is the possibility that the craft is pushing it outwards by using the x-ray counter radiation. If the jammer system can shoot the radiation back to the environment. 

That thing makes it possible to decrease the radiation stress to the body of the craft. The counter radiation or the photon impacting is the thing that might make the craft even invisible to its environment. If the system uses the photon impact it can deny the reflection. When we are analyzing this image, we must ask what the craft is doing? Is it loading its antimatter batteries by using the radiation of the black hole? Is that plate some kind of antimatter creator? Or is it some kind of radar which mission is to search the minerals from the ground? Or is the craft making the black hole in that plate?

If we are thinking of real interstellar space travel there are many things to solve before that thing can be done even by using the highly advanced multipurpose artificial intelligence. Of course, the craft could be the remote-controlled robot that uses the man-shaped sub robots for its mission. 

The system can use superpositioned and entangled particles for communication. In that system, the other side of the particle pairs is in the laboratory. And other is connected to the central computer of the spacecraft. In that case, the information is traveling like in the stick.

The superpositioned and entangled particle pair is acting like the needle and rod of the old-time LP player. And that thing makes it possible to communicate with distant spacecraft in real-time. But getting the spacecraft to another solar system takes its time. 

The information can travel between Earth and distant craft very fast. But the craft itself travels with very slow speed if we want to compare that thing with the distances in the universe. So can we someday make the spacecraft that travels faster than the speed of light? In some ideas, the quantum field around the spacecraft is removed. Or the quantum field at the front of the engine nozzle is removed. And the rocket shoots the high-energetic particle radiation through that area. 

The simplified diagram of "Cherenkov-thruster"

The simplified model of Cherenkov thruster.

1) Area where the quantum fields are removed

2) Particle flow

3) Areas where quantum fields are affecting. 

When the high-energetic particles are traveling in the vacuum where the quantum fields are not affecting they are traveling faster than the speed of light. When those particles hit the quantum field they are delivering their kinetic energy as the blue light flash. 

The second quantum layer can be the membrane that is made by using water molecules. That is positioned at the edge of the nozzle by using powerful magnets. But this type of thing is far in the future. 

The "Cherenkov-thuster"

Cherenkov-engine is the hybrid system that shoots high-energetic particles through the area where the quantum fields are removed. When those particles would hit the quantum field that thing would send the blue light flash. So there is the possibility that in the future. This kind of boosted photon rocket will send some kind of craft to other solar systems. 

In some visions in the engine chamber is created the black hole. That black hole shoots its radiation through the area where the quantum fields and scattering effects are removed. The problem is how to make that in practice. But maybe that problem will solve in the future. 

When the system shoots the radiation through that area. And it faces the point where the quantum fields are starting to affect it sends the photon or blue light flash. 

That kind of system can be called as "Cherenkov engine". The engine uses the slowing of the particles when they come from a vacuum to an effective area of the quantum field. So the Cherenkov engine will shoot extremely fast particles to the quantum bubble and those particles are sending photons and push the craft forward. The push against the quantum bubble will increase the thrust of the engine. And along with the ability to use heavier particles than photons is giving more thrust for that system. 

()https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

Can any particle travel between universes?

Can any particle travel between universes?

If the multiverse theory would be true, and there are other universes, we might ask a one really interesting question, and that is: could object travel between universes. So when we are thinking about the edge of the universe, we might use the term "solid", if any object than a photon can cross that line. 

The thing is that if some object wants to travel across the border of the universe, that thing would need so much energy, that we cannot ever imagine that thing. The object must win the gravity of the entire universe, which means that it would pull the particles back with the power of all galaxies and dark matter particles, and that means that the gravity level, what it must win is so huge, that we ever cannot imagine that thing. 

The form of the universe is a very interesting thing to think, and when we are thinking about multiverse theory, that theory has brought many things in the mind of the theorists. One of the most interesting questions is can the light or some object across the line, what is called "the edge of the universe"? 

In this case, we might ask, is the layer of the universe solid or is it something else? And then we might start to define, what the world "solid" means at this time. If we are thinking that the edge of the universe is the point, where our universes domination ends, and after that point, the gravity of our universe would not pull objects back, we might think the possibility, that could some object travel to another universe, if the supernova blows in that border? 

In this case, the word "solid" means that nothing can go across that line, which is the shockwave of the Big Bang. And why we are interested in the edge of the universe? The thing is that the first formed stars would find at that layer. And this thing makes the location of the Big Bang very interesting. If we find the location of that object, we might define the distance of our solar system to that location. 

So if we would find the galaxies or black holes that are farther from that location, that means that that object is forming before our solar system. And how simple this kind of thing seems in the paper. But we know that there is a big difference between practical solutions and theories. In this example, I started to write that the speed of galaxies is stable, and all galaxies are traveling at the same speed. 

But we have forgotten that there is a possibility that there are galaxies, which are formed of dark mater or gas and dust. Those giant disks would have gravity but there would be no stars at all. And that means those objects would pull the other galaxies faster than others, which means that the galaxies would not travel with the same speed, and this means that in the practical world only the very big distances means that some galaxy is older than some other galaxy. 

So can the object travel between universes?

If wormholes or "Einstein-Rosen bridges" (1) are real, the meteorite or asteroid could travel between universes. Can the energy of the supermassive black holes, what are oscillating with the same frequency be so powerful that the Einstein-Rosen bridge or wormhole would be forming between those objects, what are in different universes? And that means that there is a possibility that the object, what is formed of antimatter can travel to our universe or even in our solar system. There is a hypothesis that some supernova explosions are caused by antimaterial, what impacts with stars or planets. 

But can object make that journey without wormholes? This thing is a really interesting question. The journey between universes would take so long time, that the neutrons of the atoms would start to break, which means that the material stops its existence. And that means that if some particle would slip to another universe, that would be meanless to the things in another universe.  

(1)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wormhole

Image:

https://miro.medium.com/max/2700/1*QS59aHuIEgJoIogixOJ32w.jpeg

What if we would someday travel to the stars as the routine operation?

What if we would someday travel to the stars as the routine operation?

In the "What if" channel was a tale about the situation, that someday we maybe can travel around the galaxy by using the speed, what is over the speed of light. In fact, if we someday could make those journeys, we must understand that real opportunity to the journeys to another star was reserved to the colonialists and scientists. In this version, there would not any tourist trips around the universe, and the reason for establishing the colonies would be that the growing population of the planet Earth and mankind need more and more fuel and raw materials for supporting our life form, and enlarging the circle of mankind.

And here we must ask, why we haven't traveled to another solar system yet. The reason for that is that there are no close solar systems, where we could fly in the humane time, and that's why we haven't created that technology. Actually, we haven't yet found any suitable planet for colonization. That's why we have not created technology for interplanetary traveling.

If we are thinking about the suitable engines for that journey, there could be possible to use photon- or radio wave engines, but the thrust of the photons or radio waves is so little, that there would need to use another motor to increase the speed of the spacecraft in the level of 99% of the speed of light. And then the photon rocket would increase the speed of the craft to the speed of light. The thing in the interplanetary spacecraft would be vehicles, which is a very big size.

The nuclear engines might open the route to the entire solar system

There is a possibility that those very large spacecraft would ever land on some planets and the resupplying of those crafts would happen in the orbital trajectories, and they would use ion or some other more conventional motors for traveling in our solar system. And we must handle the interplanetary traveling before we can fly to another solar system. When we are thinking the ion motors, we could operate them by using the solar panels, and giant fuel cells, but the real suitable thing for that engine will be a lightweight nuclear reactor, what would use Plutonium or some other extreme heavy element, like Neptunium or Einsteinium as the fuel.

This kind of systems could be possible in the distant future. When we are thinking about the NERVA system, there is a possibility to use that engine in the Mars trips, but for the more distance, there is a need to use more effective systems. And if we would think the extra stellar journey, we might face the thing, that the needed systems would be more complicated than some ion motors, what allows the spacecraft travel in the interplanetary missions.

The energy source for the WARP system is problematic

But for the interstellar journey would need to create vehicles, what are more enormous, than those interplanetary vehicles can ever be, and the size of those vehicles would be over 100 kilometers long because there is a need to create the storage of fuel, equipment, and life support systems. The fuel, what those vehicles use would be antimatter because the self-sustained fusion is very hard to create.

The WARP-drive would need very high voltage to create the speed, what crosses the speed of light, and the thing is that those systems, what would be magnet tracks, what are similar with MDD (Magneto Dynamic Drive) drive, what is used in the ships need the extremely high voltage to suck the ions through the tube with the speed of the light. The thing, what makes this drive problematic is that there must be very high voltage magnets, that enough ions could travel through the track, that the speed of the spacecraft would rise in the short period, that means a couple of years.

If the system uses antimatter, in the case of the explosion the entire planet would be in danger. In this scenario, the antimatter would be stored in the magnetic bottle, where it lays in the middle of the bottle. And if there are problems with those magnets, the antimatter would contact with the core of the bottle, and the spacecraft would turn to energy in the annihilation reaction.

The idea of the WARP is that the magnets will suck the ions through the tube, and that would give the spacecraft the speed of light, and the system is similar, what is used in the hypothetical submarine in the Tom Clancy's book "Hunt for the Red October". The thing is that in the water is no need for the very high voltage because water is a thinner element than space, where are fewer ions than in the water.

Colonialists could make Dyson's spheres by using hollow graved asteroids, which are used as artificial planets.

But when we are thinking about the colonization of the entire galaxy the journeys between the stars would take so long time, that the journeys between the stars would be one-way trips, and that's why the planets, what are orbiting those stars should be habitable. Or there is one very fascinating way to habitable the solar systems.

And that thing is to create the own planet by making some asteroid hollow. After that, the colonialists would transfer a couple of icy comets inside that asteroid, what is working as Dyson's sphere. This kind of colonization would make possible to conquer other solar systems, there are no planets in the habitable zone. In this hypothesis, the colonialists would make the colonies to many other solar systems by using this technology, where the hollow asteroids would use as the planets. Those Dyson's spheres would rotate with the speed, which makes the artificial gravity to the inner layer of that ball, and the colonialists would live in that base, in similar conditions with Earth.