Propellantless propulsion part II (Theories of reactionless propulsion systems)

  

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The model of EM- (Electromagnetic) drive, what uses radio- or microwaves for giving thrust
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Propellantless propulsion part II (Theories of reactionless propulsion systems)

In the atmosphere, the flying without external propellant can be made by using the loudspeakers, which are giving extremely high-power sound- or pressure wave. The system can be silent if it uses LRAD-technology. The oscillating layers of the loudspeakers can be made by using kevlar or some other carbon-fiber base material. 

And if the airflow is pushing through the layer that can make possible the supersonic flight. The only problem is that the oscillating layer should not go in a vacuum, where the layer would not touch with air molecules. The system can operate the aircraft without leaving any trace to the ground. And if the system uses LRAD-technology, that thing would make it possible that the craft is hovering above the ground above the pressure pylon, and the sound cannot be recognized from the side of that pylon. 

In practice, the system can use high- power loudspeakers for hovering and moving the craft sideways or vertically. The system can fly with supersonic speed is the layer is moving with the hypersonic speed. The system can be silent because the vertically operating wave sources can use the pointed sound wave system, where the soundwaves are pressed to the right funnel, and the base of that system will be the LRAD-system. 

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The problem with "Casimir-engine" is how to make the "ghost particles move sideways?

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"Casimir engine"

Propellantless propulsion means the engine system, which would not need an internal propellant. The engine would be like the "cosmic popcorn machine, what is recycling electrons or some other particles in it. One of the most remarkable versions of this kind of propulsion system is the "Casimir engine".  The problem is how to make the Casimir-effect work sideways. 

There the system would use the "Casimir effect" or rather saying "Casimir plates" for creating the particles, which are pulled backward by using some kind of electric or another type of force. The problem of this engine is that the "ghost particles" should travel backward, and producing the system that pushes those particles backward is hard to make.

The EM-drive is using the radio- or microwaves for accelerating the spacecraft would also be a very promising way to make the craft, what can explore our solar system, or maybe also other solar systems. The benefit of that kind of system is that it can be installed in the regular ion or normal chemical rocket. 

The first part acceleration of the rocket can be given by using as an example quicksilver ions that are accelerated backward through the magnetic accelerator, and when the propellant is used, the craft can turn to use microwaves. The thing is that the specific impulse of that kind of engine is very high, but thrust would be weak. And at first, the microwaves can boil liquid hydrogen or quicksilver, which would give extra punch for the rocket at the early stage of acceleration. 

One version of engines, what doesn't need propellant is the wave-systems that are basing the idea that the high-power soundwaves or pressure impulses can be used for moving the craft in the atmosphere. Those pressure impulses can also that are created by using the oscillating layers are the systems that can be used in the atmosphere. 

Sources:

Casimir-effect: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casimir_effect

EM-drive: http://gravitymodification.com/nasa-tests-emdrive-propellantless-propulsion/

Ideas for Propellantless Propulsion:http://www.alternativephysics.org/book/PropellantlessPropulsion.htm

Reactionless drive: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactionless_drive

Image I: https://www.wired.com/story/nasas-emdrive-leader-has-a-new-interstellar-project/

Image II: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casimir_effect