Friday, October 2, 2020

Four fundamental forces and how they are connecting with preons






The impact chamber of the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) 

(CERN)



Four fundamental forces and how they are connecting with preons


Preons are the subcomponents of the quarks and leptons. At the end of this text is the list of the mentioned things. There you can check what means each term like lepton. 


So the GUT (Great Unified Theory) goes like this. Every particle has the same type of fundamental forces or fundamental interactions. And when the mass of those particles is increasing. The distance where the effect of that force would also increase. And that thing would make the GUT extremely fundamental theory. 


Fundamental interactions are from weakest to strongest


1) Gravitation, the only force that has a long-distance effect


2) Electromagnetism the interaction what keeps electrons near the nucleus of the atoms


3) Weak nuclear interaction, what keeps protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom


4) Strong nuclear interaction (color force) the effect that keeps quarks together in the protons and neutrons. 


The reason why the name of the force has changed to interaction is simple. Every component in the universe is affecting each other. That means the electron is pulling the proton to it, as well the proton pulls the electron to it. The proton is dominant in the electron-proton pairs, what we are calling hydrogen. 


But the electron interacts with that combination, and that interaction causes that the energy is transferring to the electron. When an electron orbits proton, it would lose its energy and then move closer to the proton, where it would get more energy for remaining at the orbiting position. 

The problem is that researchers cannot fit gravity to the GUT (Great Unified Theory), because that force is the weakest, but it can also affect in long distance.


 So is gravity the independent fundamental interaction or not, that's an interesting question. There is a possibility that gravitation is the sum of other fundamental forces. The thing that makes the gravity interesting is that there should be antigravitation the rejecting version of gravity. 


But nobody has ever seen that effect. Also the graviton, the transmitting particle of gravity is at the theoretical level. The gravitation has a long-distance effect, and that thing has brought theory that gravity is only one version of the same force, what have three other forms. 


The common thing in four fundamental interactions is that they are all pushing and pulling particles together and away from each other. And this effect makes them interesting. Things like GUT (Great Unified Theory) is not meanless. Because by connecting those four fundamental interactions physicists can show that the forces are the same. 


Thoughts about the theoretical "fifth fundamental interaction" and antigravity


The preons what are the elements of quarks are a thing, what could be the key to the GUT-theory. But it can also be the key to antigravity. In some theories, the free preons can be put in series, and then they can use as the quantum pogo stick, which can make the craft hovering silently over the ground. 


So is there some force, what is the fifth fundamental force or interaction? In this idea the fifth force, what could be the force that keeps preons in the form? A long time physicists believed that the quarks were the smallest particles but then they found preons. Preons are the quantum elements, what are forming quarks. 


Sources: 


Fundamental interaction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction


Graviton: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton


GUT theory: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Unified_Theory


Lepton: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepton


Quarks: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark


Preons: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preon


Image: https://news.fnal.gov/2016/05/large-hadron-collider-prepares-deliver-six-times-data/

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