Interstellar traveling and problems, what this thing must win
1) First, we must conquer our solar system
Problems are made for solving, is the thing, what we should think when we are facing them. The problem with interstellar travel is people think that this kind of thing is the most common thing, what research is thinking, but if we would think carefully, similar technologies, but on a smaller scale can be used inside the solar system.
If we are looking at the Kardashev-scale civilizations(1), every level of the upgrading or advantage the civilization requires that the lower level of the technical requirements is handling well. So at first, we must create technology, which is necessary for the interplanetary flight, and after that, we can start seriously thinking about interstellar flights.
2) Kardashev-scale civilizations
Here are the three levels of the original Kardashev-scale civilizations and we are maybe at the level of 0,7. The remarkable thing in the Kadashev-scale is that the lower level turns routine in this model.
Stage I: Planetary civilization what controls and benefit the resources of the own solar system.
Stage II: Civilization what handles the interstellar travel, but those flights would be scientific. And the traveling in their solar system is routine.
Stage III: The interstellar travel is a routine mission and the civilization would control the entire galaxy.
3) How to reach level one?
When we are talking about civilization what is in the Kardashev level one, we must realize that there are also sub-civilizational levels. The most important thing, what the species must do is to create an effective and peaceful conflict handling tool, what denies the destruction in the entire civilization in some kind of nuclear war.
And the second requirement is that traveling on the own planet must be handled well. The requirements of the projects, which allows the interplanetary travel and turning it to routine require that the entire race would work together for the goal. The routine travel in own solar system is the requirement for creating interstellar spacecraft.
4) What kind of technology the interstellar spacecraft would require?
Laser engines or laser-photon engines are interesting tools for the spacecraft. In this case, the combustion is replaced with lasers, which are heathen the fuel. The vapor of the propellant would make possible to push the craft forward. This thing makes possible to combine the photon rocket and the rocket, which uses propellant. This thing makes possible to increase the thrust of the engine.
The laser engine can use different types of propellants. In the most conventional versions, the propellant would be injected into the combustion chamber and laser rays would vaporize it. The propellant would increase the speed of the craft, and then the fusion engine would start. In this kind of system the propellant, what would be the hydrogen ions, what will be pulled through the craft by using the magnetic field would press by using the symmetrical laser rays. This kind of system is called Buzzard Ramjet(2)
In this reaction would form the cathode radiation, what would transfer to the tank, and then the spin of those particles would turn, and that allows creating antimatter. The "conventional" and fusion stages are necessary because the punch what that craft would get must be gentle. In the last sequence, the craft would start to push itself by using the laser ray, which would give it to the last acceleration.
5) The other technical systems are also important.
The spacecraft must be something else than just the motors. Of course, learning computers with highly sophisticated artificial intelligence are important for the mission. But the structure of the craft is also important, and if the fuselage of the craft is very lightweight, that causes problems while braking.
If the retrorocket would be too powerful, the spacecraft will sink like spring. But if the craft would be very heavy that causes need to build more powerful engines, because heavy structures stand against the stress, what braking causes. One version of this kind of hypothetical space probe is the probe itself would pass the star, and then release the sub probes, what mission is to research the solar system.
This version of the mission profile was created for "Daedalus"(3), the first attempt to create a study for the interstellar probes, and technology that is needed for them. And for that mission, the system needs artificial intelligence, what would decide on sending the sub-probes to the solar system, and because of the message will take even hundreds of years to travel to Earth, so the probe must have independently operating artificial intelligence.
Image: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bussard_ramjet#/media/File:Bussard_Interstellar_Ramjet_Engine.jpg
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