Exoplanets and how to hunt them?
"Never say ever again"
In the early 1980's many people believed that our solar system is unique, and no planets are orbiting other stars, and those planets are called extra-solar planets or exoplanets(1). Now we know that almost every other stars have some kind of planets. And when we are describing the term planet, that means the object, what is orbiting the star, and what has the surface what doesn't send own radiation. The planet only mirrors the radiation that comes from the star and it doesn't produce own light. The object what is orbiting that object is the moon. So the description of the term "moon" is the object what is orbiting a star, but also some other object, and the planet is orbiting only the star.
When some telescope is locating a new planet from some other solar system, there is an image, so-called "artists impression" of that world, which means it doesn't be the "real image" of that planet. The problem is that making the "real image" of the planet is difficult. The planet is a very small thing if that is compared to the interplanetary nebula, which is surrounding every star in the universe.
There is little difference seeing that there is a planet than seeing what kind of planet is or how it looks like. The planet itself can be seen when it travels between star and earth, and that decreases the luminosity of the star. And this is why the planets, what are orbiting red dwarfs are easier to locate than planets, what are orbiting brighter stars.
The overpass of the planets that are orbiting small stars has a shorter period than planets what are orbiting brighter stars. And that means that the changes in luminosity are easier to detect because the luminosity is changing more often. Also, the level of chancing the luminosity is smaller, when we are looking at brighter stars because planets are covering a smaller area of the disk of the star.
Also, the planet is making the row or hole to the interplanetary nebula, like the small moons are making holes to the rings of gas planets like Saturn. If the planet is massive, that hole uncovers the planet. And if we are thinking that giant gas planets have always similar abilities, they might have moons. The most of planets inside our solar systems have moons, so maybe that thing is possible to generalize to planets, what are orbiting other stars.
How the images of exoplanets are made?
Sometimes the images, what are shown with articles, what are telling the new exoplanets are purely from the artist's imaginations, but sometimes those images are made by using sophisticated computer technology, where artificial intelligence is collecting data from the elementary structure of the planet, and the reflectivity. The element structure can be got by taking the spectroscopic image(2) of the planet itself if it would be seen by some telescope, and the interplanetary nebula, what is surrounding the star would also help to see what kind of atoms is forming that structure.
Also, the thing, that is called astronomical-maser emission (3) would help to calculate the reflectivity of the planet. The thing is that the spectroscope is looking for the marks of the hydrogen and oxygen from that planet. Hydrogen and oxygen are reactive gases, which are forming water. The radiation that comes from the star would cause the ionization of the gas of the atmosphere of the planet, and that thing causes aurora. By analyzing that radiation the element structure of the atmosphere of that planet is easy to make.
If there is water on the planet, there are always clouds and other things, and the spectroscope is uncovering the fingerprints of the planets. In theory, this kind of methodology is effective, but the problem is how to separate the molecules of the interplanetary nebula from the molecules, what are forming planets.
(1) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exoplanet
(2)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_spectrometer
(3) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrophysical_maser
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