The key element in the quantum system is how they find errors

 

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The key element in the quantum system is how they find errors

The problem with computers is how they know that they have an error? And is the error in the "spiritual" or rather saying software or is the error in the physical structures? In the quantum computer data is stored in the qubit, the problem is how to protect the qubit from the outer effects? And how the computer would recognize that there is a mistake? Testing the functions in the computers is quite easy, the system would calculate the simple calculations like 1+1 billions of times. And sometimes the computer would send the answer for the calculation 1+1=3. The reason for that flub might be that the gate or some switch in the computer's central processor is acting wrong.  

But what is the reason, why the computer makes that mistake? Is it that the computer program would somehow misuse the memory or does if fill some memory block? And that thing makes the wrong answer for the simplest calculations. So how the computer would check the answers itself, and find out the problem in the functions of the computer. So theoretically the answer is that the computer needs the control computer. The control computer would find out the anomalies in the series of answers for the series of results, what the computer is giving. 

How the computer would find the error? 

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Of course, the quantum computer can observe things like the temperature of the system. But how to make the computer system, what independently finds the error or suspects error in the system? The mission of this system is to find out the error in the calculations, and finding the anomalies it requires many separated but identically equipped computers to find out anomalies in the calculation series. 

The idea is the same as the printer paper, where the all answers for some calculations are printed. There is a list of the answers to the calculation, which is repeated thousands or even billions of times. Like an example below tells.  That the computer would use three sources for making the lists and if there is an anomaly in the results there is an error. 

Three sources mean that three independently operating computers are operating with the same calculations. And if the anomaly is only in one list that tells that one computer has a problem, but if there are anomalies in different places that tells that the problem could be in software. 

In the next example, the system uses the same calculation software in four calculation lines. And the anomaly in the answer of the line 10000 means that the 10000th time of the run of the program causes overflow.  When the control system sees the anomaly, it would ask to take the series of the calculations again. But if there is the error in only one list, that could mean that there is an error in only one computer.

In this scenario, the system uses three different but identical computers, which are using similar operating systems and architecture (Image II).

-One anomaly answer in the list of one source tells that there could be a physical problem.

-Anomalies in multiple places in all lists tell that the program would not work right, but the problem can be also in the operating system.

-An anomaly in one certain place in every list tells that the program causes an overflow in the memory. 

If there is one different answer in a certain line of one source that can tell that there is a problem with the components. If there is an anomaly in all lists in the different places that might tell that the calculating software requires fixing. 

If the sources of calculations answer that there is an anomaly in the line 10000. That tells that there is an overflow in that point of the software. That means that the program causes an overflow in the 1000th time of the run. 

Sources:

https://www.sciencenews.org/article/quantum-computers-hype-supremacy-error-correction-problems

Image I: https://miro.medium.com/max/12032/0*DypQzAMdE9cudggX