Matryoshka principle in science
We are always facing matryoshka-type things in science. Do you know what is matryoshka? That is the Russian wooden doll, where are similar dolls nested in the doll, and when we are taking those dolls away there is sooner or later the final matryoshka, or matryoshka what is created from solid wood. Sometimes some philosopher has been asked is it possible that sometimes is matryoshka, what is so small that we even cannot see that thing, or what is smaller than even atom.
So when we are transferring this model to science, we might think that there are always smaller and smaller particles inside the atom. But is the material acting like a matryoshka? The thing is that matryoshka is always created by somebody and the creator of matryoshka knows, how many matryoshkas that person has been put in that statue.
When we are thinking about material and cosmos, we are always finding two types of structures, small microstructure, and large megastructure. The megastructure can also mean naturally formed structure, which is forming when the black holes in the center of galaxies are turning in certain directions to each other. But the thing is that galactic groups or galactic clusters are acting like single galaxies.
The thing is that the ball-shaped star clusters are acting like the universe but on a far smaller scale. So the scale in the universe the ball-shaped galactic clusters are only the microscopic thing when we are looking at the largest known structure in the universe, so-called "neural structure", what means that the galactic clusters are in the form, what looks like the structure of the neural network of human. In this case, the name has been given because of the structural similarity of those structures is similar, not because the neural structure of the universe can think.
Edwin Hubble and expanding universe
And when we are thinking the universe as the ball we are facing one of the most interesting ideas, what we can realize and that idea has inspired Edwin Hubble (1889-1953)(1) for making observations about the galaxies, and those observations have been opening a path for cosmology. The thing why Edwin Hubble is not very well-known outside the society of astronomers is that this man ever took a single photograph about the stars.
He observers the giant galactic groups and noticed that the other galaxies were formed giant clusters. And the most well-known thing that Hubble discovered was that the universe is expanding. The thing that Hubble tried to find is the point where the big bang was happening, and the idea, what Hubble got was to find out the direction of the galaxies in the bubble, what the universe is. But Hubble failed because galaxies are not in the same direction.
And the thing is that the Hubble thought that the Universe was a single thin bubble, and the galaxies are in the same layer in the thing, what looks like a giant soap bubble. But the thing what Hubble noticed was that the universe or the layer of the universe is thicker, what meant that the Big Bang was the eruption, what continued a while.
Sometimes has been introduced to the idea that the expanding of the universe can benefit in the journey to another universe, but the problem is that there are no observations about other universes. And the expanding speed of the universe is 72 km/s, per megaparsec which means that it is too slow for that purpose (2).
Does the asymmetry in the expanding caused by another universe, what will affect our universe by its gravity.
But the thing that is causing question about the existence of other universes or bubbles, what is called "universes" is the dark energy. It is the source of that energy in some other universe, which sends the radiation to our universe.
When the NASA:s "Chandra" telescope noticed (3) that expanding of the universe is not similar in every direction, the reason for that asymmetry can be another universe, which would affect our universe with its gravity. If the asymmetry in the geometry can be proven, that could mean that the existence of another universe can be proven.
So why the universe is black? Because there is no material outside it. Or the distance between molecules is so high, that it feels empty when we compare that thing with the universe. But the thing that Hubble and his successors found the limits of the universe has given an idea that the light has not reached every part in the universe.
The idea is that universe can be the giant singularity, which would pull the light inside it. And that means that we would live in the extremely large black holes or grey holes. In the last one, the gravity of the object would not pull all photons inside it. So this hypothesis is the beginning of the bubble- or multiverse (and parallel universe) theory, that there could be other universes.
Those universes can be in the same space with our universe, but the thing is that there is a possibility that the universe would collapse and then the new big bang will come in the distant future. In the universe has been found the star HD 140283 "Methuselah" (4), which is elder than the universe, which means that there is a possibility that there was material outside the big bang. And there is a small possibility that the star comes out from another universe.
So if most of the light would drop back in the universe, that causes that the other universes are impossible to detect. The light that comes from other universes is so weak that it would disappear in light pollution, which comes from the stars.
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