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Argonne Laboratory works with nano-size cryotrons that act as superconductivity switches.


"Argonne National Laboratory’s nanocryotron amplifies weak electrical signals in particle detectors, crucial for collider experiments like those at Brookhaven. Its design allows for improved performance in high magnetic fields, marking a significant step in superconducting technology. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Nanocryotron “Superconductivity Switch” Supercharges Particle Detectors)


Small-size cryotrons that can switch superconductivity on and off are tools that can make the particle accelerators more effective. The problem with regular magnetic systems is that in some cases, like Muon G-2 anomalies, the particle accelerator's magnetic field can cover the magnetic effect of accelerating particles. 

Particle accelerators collect data from collisions of the particles using optical, magnetic, and magneto-chemical sensors. The newest sensors are cloud chambers. That system should analyze particles that travel in it. And the new types of cloud chambers use quantum gas. That makes them more effective than traditional cloud chambers. 

The magnetic field must have precise strength so that it can detect some changes in the particles. And their energy levels. If the magnetic field is too weak, the system cannot see details in the impacts. Too strong a magnetic field turns subatomic particles or subparticular interactions back in the magnetic mainframe. 

When atoms and ions are interacting in particle accelerators the problem is that those ions and anions are entireties. All particles interact separately but those interactions happen in a short period. Another thing is that the electrons and positrons are elementary particles, but there are also internal structures in those particles. The system must have a very accurate magnetic field. That it can get data from those internal structures. 

The ultra-small details in interactions require new tools. Those traditional sensors like bubble chambers and wire chambers had enough accuracy to analyze things like antimatter-matter interactions. Those sensors saw flashes of impact. Then the traditional sensors followed the tracks that particles left in vapor or something like that. 

The Higgs Boson changed this game. Those short-living particles told that there is at least one particle, that the systems must find so that researchers can complete their Standard model. The problem in those very short-living particles is that the flash or energy impulse from the collimation covers their existence. Those particles remain only for a short moment. And they cannot come out from the flash. 


https://scitechdaily.com/nanocryotron-superconductivity-switch-supercharges-particle-detectors/


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubble_chamber


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_chamber


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryotron


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