The new version of the CRISP database was completed. And that thing is like turning the black and white TV into a colored model. CRISP or human genome mapping is the perfect tool for genetic research. And genetic engineering. If we think about things like genetic engineering and fixing genetic errors in human genomes, we must precisely know what certain genomes are doing. And that requires comparing with millions or trillions of base pairs in the DNA structure.
There is the possibility, that error in one base pair makes something very big. Today researchers have better knowledge about things like the purpose of so-called junk DNA. The term "junk DNA" means DNA sequences that cells do not read very often. Those sequences involve information that the cell uses rarely. Those so-called junk sequences involve information that controls the neural structures advancing.
This new pangenome, which renders over 99% of each sequence with high accuracy, reveals almost 120 million DNA base pairs previously unseen. By providing a more accurate representation of human genetic diversity, researchers can refine their understanding of the link between genes and diseases, accelerate clinical research, and ultimately help address health disparities". (ScitechDaily.com/The Pangenome Breakthrough: A Crystal Clear Image of Human Genomic Diversity)
The base terms in genetics or biology are:
Phenotype. That is what the creature looks like from the outside.
"In genetics, the phenotype (from Ancient Greek φαίνω (phaínō) 'to appear, show, shine', and τύπος (túpos) 'mark, type') is the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism. The term covers the organism's morphology (physical form and structure), its developmental processes, its biochemical and physiological properties, its behavior, and the products of behavior". (Wikipedia/Phenotype)
Genotype. That is the entirety that is controlled by genomes. The genotype means that the creature can have abilities that we cannot see from the outside.
"The genotype of an organism is its complete set of genetic material. Genotype can also be used to refer to the alleles or variants an individual carries in a particular gene or genetic location. The number of alleles an individual can have in a specific gene depends on the number of copies of each chromosome found in that species, also referred to as ploidy". (Wikipedia/Genotype)
"In diploid species like humans, two full sets of chromosomes are present, meaning each individual has two alleles for any given gene. If both alleles are the same, the genotype is referred to as homozygous. If the alleles are different, the genotype is referred to as heterozygous."(Wikipedia/Genotype)
The difference between chimpanzees' and humans' phenotypes is less than 100 base pairs. Theoretically is possible to create two artificial virus series. That can transform a human into a chimpanzee. And chimpanzees back to humans. But if we would transform a human's phenotype into a chimpanzee's. That means we would create a chimpanzee with the same intelligence level as humans.
We can easily manipulate phenotype. But the problem is the genotype. The genotype is the thing that is more important than the phenotype. Genotype is the thing that determines things like the advancement of neural structures.
When we are thinking about movies like Jurassic Park, we might think, that we can create creatures like T-Rex from extinction. The fact is that we can create creatures that can look like T-Rex. But the fact is that those artificial creatures would be far away from the real T-Rex. If we want to create T-Rex, we cannot fix missing parts of the DNA by using some frog's DNA. We must realize that modern frogs are far more advanced than T-Rex.
The nervous system of T-Rex was different. That beast acted like some bug. There is the possibility that nervous signals traveled in one direction in the T-Rex's nervous system. And that thing made it so bloodthirsty. That means that ancient beasts lived only following their instincts. Modern frogs can transmit their nervous signals back and forth. And that makes them able to learn things.
Another vision is to connect the genomes of sherk with genomes of things like Orcas. That kind of idea is a good topic for some action films. But the fact is that is not a very good idea. Orcas are the most intelligent sea creatures. And the fact is that we might not want things like sharks with the dolphin's intelligence level.
https://scitechdaily.com/the-pangenome-breakthrough-a-crystal-clear-image-of-human-genomic-diversity/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenotype
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploidy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genotype
Comments
Post a Comment