The AI with Web cameras and image recognition systems can turn any shiny object into a spy tool.

Modern computer technology is marvelous. Those AI-based simulations can calculate reflections from any surface and that means every object can turn into a spy tool. But when we are searching the net, use things like screenshots during net meetings, and then connect those screenshots with regular drawing programs like "Paint" we can use zoom and see things that the opponent might want to hide from us. 

The thing is that mirrors and many other things along with pixel software and image recognition tools make it possible to see things that people want to hide quite easily. The ability to connect AI-based image manipulation and image processing tools with physical systems like drones is a big threat to privacy.

The AI requires only similar objects that it sees from the camera. And then it can calculate reflections. Or the AI can create a virtual object that it can use as a simulation to make reflection sharper. 

"Researchers from MIT and Rice University have developed a computer vision system called ORCa (Objects as Radiance-Field Cameras), that uses AI to turn any shiny object into a camera by mapping reflections off its surface. Images of the object, taken from different angles, are used to convert the object’s surface into a virtual sensor that captures and maps reflections, thereby allowing depth estimation and offering novel perspectives. This technology can be particularly beneficial in autonomous vehicles, where reflections from surrounding objects can help see around obstructions. Credit: Courtesy of the researchers" (ScitechDaily.com/The Shiniest Spy: How Everyday Objects Can Be Turned Into “Cameras”)

The AI-based image processing systems make it possible to search. And find objects from innocent and legal images. The drone must not fly straight out of anybody's window. The AI searches for interesting things from low-resonation images. And then the AI will use re-pixel and other kinds of tools for zooming to some point in the digital image. So, before that system uses the virtual zooms the image is legal. 

Same way interesting things can see from images that are meant for publication. So even if the person thinks being safe one reflection can tell many things about the private life of the publisher. If one car is parked in the right position or wrong things like company names or some parking areas for busses are seen in the image, that kind of thing can uncover the person's location or even home address. Also, one wrong record that is downloaded on the net can tell the person's position. Face recognition software can search certain persons from public information like news. And that kinds of things can uncover a person's identity. 

https://scitechdaily.com/the-shiniest-spy-how-everyday-objects-can-be-turned-into-cameras/

Again: is time an illusion?

 

"The nature of time, a concept fundamental to human life but still ambiguous in scientific parlance, is explored in the first episode of the new podcast series, Great Mysteries of Physics." (ScitechDaily.com/Great Mysteries of Physics: Is Time an Illusion?)

Time and its shape are interesting things because if time is real. There is a possibility to travel to the past and fix it. But even if time is an illusion. There are many opportunities that this virtual time can make. We know that gravitation could be the key to answering that question. 

Gravitational fields are dilating time. In the same way, speed is the thing that slows time, and that means there is something that forms this phenomenon. One of the possibilities that is making the thing called time is Higgs field.

If the Higgs field turns denser when it closes the gravitational center. That means the particle that falls into the gravitational center faces a phenomenon, where more Higgs field will transfer in it than far away from the gravitational center. That thing explains why also the speed will dilate time. The Higgs field is like air, and when a particle travels faster more energy will travel in the particle. 

Even if time is an illusion that thing makes it possible to turn material younger. If the speed of the particle will turn higher than the speed of light, that thing can turn material younger, because in that case, more energy will travel in the particle than the particle deliver. But now people are saying, that it's impossible to cross the speed of light. 

The fact is that it's enough that the particle crosses the speed of light virtually. The only needed thing is to make the object travel to the particle flow so fast that impact speed crosses the speed of light. In some visions, the spacecraft will accelerate to a speed that is about 30-70% of the speed of light. And then that spacecraft will fly against the ion flow that comes out from the sun. 

That thing should cause a situation where impact speed causes a virtual crossing of the speed of light. The idea of one kind of WARP-drives is that the spacecraft will accelerate so close to the speed of light. And then that system pulls ions against the craft. And in that model, the extra energy causes a situation where craft and spacetime around it loses the ability to interact. 

We know that time exists in some form. In some explanation, the expansion of the universe is the thing that causes time. When the universe expands the pressure of the quantum fields turns lower. That thing causes the vaporization of the material. In that model, the material turns wave movement sooner or later. 

A vision about the scenario that the last civilization turns the first civilization. 

When we think about the universe's ultimate fate. We face one very scary model. If some civilization at the end of time has the technology that gives them the ability to travel in time, that civilization can be the first civilization in the universe. The universe at the end of time is different than the universe where we live. 

The energy level of that universe is extremely low. And there are only black holes left. There is no material disk around them. The gravitational waves that come from those black holes are vaporizing them. So if those civilizations can dive into those black holes. 

That means they will transport them to the beginning of time. In some visions, those civilizations at the end of time will build the giant Dyson spheres. And then those black holes that pull the electromagnetic wave movement through that giant structure. 

That electromagnetic wave movement denies the aging or vaporization of that material. And then when the time is right those civilizations just jump into the black hole. That black hole will make civilization travel to the beginning of time. 

https://scitechdaily.com/great-mysteries-of-physics-is-time-an-illusion/

https://writingsabouttheuniverse.blogspot.com/

Scientists transformed chicken scales into feathers.

Innovations in genetic engineering are interesting. Scientists transformed chicken scales into feathers. That might seem like a waste of time. The ability to affect the genetic material with enough high accuracy that scales transformed into feathers is a fundamental breakthrough. That means researchers can manipulate DNA sequences with very high accuracy. 

And that allows them to make things like double the DNA sequences that control the brain advancing. That thing makes it possible to create things like intelligent pets that their owners can use in multiple missions. Those intelligent pets can work as an assistant for their owners. 

"A transient change in expression of one gene (Shh) can produce a cascade of developmental events leading to the formation of feathers instead of scales. Credit: © UNIGE / Cooper & Milinkovitch" (ScitechDaily.com/Genetic Switch: Scientists Transform Chicken Scales Into Feathers by Modifying Gene Expression)

Or this kind of genetic engineering makes it possible to create things like superhumans. A superhuman could have doubled the genome that controls intelligence. And the same genes that control muscle development can be taken from gorillas.

Genetic engineering allows the crossing of genes between species. And that thing makes it possible to make genetic transportation between cells. The things like genomes can make bacteria resistant to antibiotics. And that kind of gene therapy can make humans resistant to some poisons. 

There is a possibility that in the future genetic engineering allows to make the genetic transfer that turns skin cells to make chlorophyll. That thing can make things like green men true. Chlorophyll allows humans can live without outcoming vitamin C. And that thing can be used to make human 2.0 possible. 

The new version of cyber attacks can be an indirect way to effect.

Indirect cyber attack means cyber attacks targeted somewhere else than into the operative systems in the civil or military infrastructure. Brexit is one lesson that so-called indirect cyber attacks can cause. What if those methods used in Brexit would use in the election where the main theme was divorcing NATO? 

Would that thing bring separation from NATO? Theoretically, the answer is "yes". There is the possibility that people will not read the list of the goals that some political movement has. And then they will vote for people who want to divorce from NATO. 

We are protecting our military system against cyber attacks. But have we protected things like the decision-making system against the outcoming effect? 

There are two ways to cause problems for the defense, and the first one is to select the government that destroys the defense. The second one is to make some kinds of sabotage into the military systems. But the government that dispands military is one of the versions of the governments that are making defense impossible. 

And there are two ways to make that thing. The first one is to cause civil disorder, and the second is to take out the willingness to defend own country. The thing that destroys the willingness to defend own country is the government that dissociates some groups. That thing makes those groups good targets for enemy propaganda. 

The idea is that a cyber attack that rises the non-democratic powers in power would cause a situation, where the nation's defense is in trouble. Another way to make an indirect attack is to make the generals and other decision-makers select the wrong equipment for the military and police. One of those ways to destroy the defense is just to stay alone against a superior enemy. In that case, the superior enemy convinces that the benefit of a small nation is to stay alone. And then in one day, the tanks will cross the border. 

https://bigthink.com/the-present/5-types-cyberattacks/

The hybrid system that uses electric engines and hydrogen fuel cells could be the most powerful engine solution.

Is the combustion engine dead?

If a combustion engine uses hydrogen there is no pollution. The emissions in those kinds of systems are forming in the systems that create electricity for electrolysis that creates hydrogen. The electrolysis system can install in the car or any other vehicle. And the needed thing is electricity. 

The hybrid hydrogen system means that fuel cells form electricity for electric engines. Hydrogen is a suitable fuel for all combustion engines. But the problem is how to produce that fuel. The system is similar to that used in diesel-electric submarines. The combustion engines were replaced by using fuel cells. 

Image: Rimac

Rimac Nevera is one of the fastest electric vehicles in the world. The acceleration from 0 to 400 km/h took 21,3 seconds. And in that time normal cars don't even accelerate to 100 km/h. The car uses four electric engines with incredible torque. 

The thing is that the Rimac Nevera could be even more powerful if it uses a hydrogen base hybrid system. Hydrogen fuel cells can give electricity to electric engines. And hydrogen technology is always flexible. The hybrid hydrogen system that is installed in the electric vehicle can make hydrogen by using the internally installed electrolysis chamber. 

The system can use the same power supply as regular electric cars. And the system can use batteries in regular driving. But if the electric load of batteries is turning low, the system can use fuel cells for loading those batteries. The hybrid system that uses ecological electricity for making hydrogen could be the next-generation system for cars. The system requires water that will split into hydrogen and oxygen, and the only thing that is needed is water. 

https://www.caranddriver.com/rimac/nevera

https://www.rimac-automobili.com/nevera/

https://www.rimac-automobili.com/media/press-releases/record-breaking-rimac-nevera-hits-412kph-to-become-worlds-fastest-production-electric-car/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimac_Nevera

The gravitational waves are holding clues in the Universe's densest material.

Neutron stars are like giant neutrons. And their spin is extremely fast and sometimes people ask, how those neutron stars can stay in one piece. Gravitational waves that are traveling through those structures are the thing that glues those neutrons in one entirety. 

When gravitational waves travel through the neutron star, they are reflected from structures inside that giant neutron. And that thing might help to find particles that can reflect gravitational waves. The extremely fast spin of neutrons is one of the things that causes interesting ideas in researchers' minds. And the new thing that is found near neutron stars is also interesting. 

"The density at the heart of neutron stars is three to five times higher than that of an atomic nucleus; it’s the highest density achievable before a black hole forms. Nobody knows what happens to matter at such extreme densities. (ScitechDaily.com/Strange Quark Matter: Gravitational Waves Hold Clues to the Universe’s Densest Matter)

One theory posits that the ultra-dense soup of neutrons and protons will decompose into a soup of quarks and gluons—the most fundamental building blocks of matter". (ScitechDaily.com/Strange Quark Matter: Gravitational Waves Hold Clues to the Universe’s Densest Matter)

"Figure 1: Gravitational waves generated by mergers between two neutron stars could reveal the creation of free quarks through such mergers. Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/CI Lab" (ScitechDaily.com/Strange Quark Matter: Gravitational Waves Hold Clues to the Universe’s Densest Matter)

Neutrons are forming of two down quarks and one up quark. That means there are strings between those quarks and gluons are traveling in those strings. When those neutrons start to spin. Those strings and gluons are interacting with gravitational waves. Or when those three quarks are spinning inside the neutron's shell those strings are traveling through the Higgs field. And that thing forms very small whirls in that quantum field. Another interaction will happen when the strings are cutting the gravitational waves. In some models, two neutrons that orbit each other can use to create new, yet unknown particles. 

In this model, the quantum field is traveling through those quarks, and the strings between those quarks are acting like wires in the water. That thing can form whirls that can turn into particles. We can say that material is gluon soup. And it's hard to detect those extremely small particles. The problem is that those particles are sending so thin wavelengths that they are missing under turbulence. 

The universe's densest material the neutron or quark soup can offer the possibility to create a new type of material "neutron graphene". Neutron graphene is a theoretical type of material. Where neutrons are forming 2D material like graphene. The 2D neutron structure will be stronger than any other material type. 

Otherwise, the neutron material will be extremely heavy. One teaspoon of such material weighs several hundred billion kilograms. That means the 2D structure of that material which means one neutron layer is important for making the structure lighter. 

https://scitechdaily.com/strange-quark-matter-gravitational-waves-hold-clues-to-the-universes-densest-matter/

The new soft "earthworm robots" are the tools that can research things that have been invisible to humans.

Soft earthworm robots can inject into the oil rig. And those systems can observe biological processes in the oil pocket. They can operate in the Antarctic ice, and then those robots can fall into the icy lakes without causing the air leak in those lakes that are the most exotic closed ecosystems. 

The earthworm robots can also search for things that are under the hummus. Those robots can measure things like how the roots of the woods interact. And what kind of bacteria is in the ground? 

But those robots can make many other things. They can see how the foundation of the house stands the seismic waves. And those worm robots are also capable to slip into houses. They can observe their environment by using surface and sub-surface cameras. Those robots also can use seismic sensors and plasma spectrometers to find things like pollution. 

Artist's impression the NASA's robot snake. That can travel on icy moons. Those robots can have polymorphic structures. That means those robot snakes can have independently operating pieces. Those pieces can separate themselves from the structure and operate independently. Every single bite of those robots will have an indenpendently operating CPU that makes the poly-bot structure able to break itself into pieces, and then those pieces can go back to their places. 

The worm robots can use biological fuel. They might have a tank where are methane bacteria. Then those methane bacteria make methane that the robot can burn in fuel cells. Soft robots can also look like things like earthworms. They can slip into houses or near communication lines. 

They can observe the changes in light cables by using an extremely sensitive light cell or those systems can observe changes in voltage levels in the communication cables. And then those systems can make the recon and intelligence missions. 

NASA is planning to make a snake robot that can operate on icy moons. The system can have an electric resistor or microwave system. That makes the robot possible to dive through the ice layer. The same system can use in Antarctica. 

The earthworm robots can make research on Mars, and Jupiter's and Saturn's icy moons. Those robots can answer the question, are there some lifeforms on those icy planets? The new nanomaterials that are turning thicker when they are facing pressure make those robots able to operate under extreme pressure like underwater tenches. And map volcanic interaction and lifeforms in those strange places. Those tenches are almost like other planets. 

https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/earthworm-space-rob/

https://scitechdaily.com/shape-shifting-serpent-of-space-nasas-eels-robot-revolutionizes-extraterrestrial-exploration/

The universe needs whirls. Whirls are forming new galaxies and stars.

Radiation can turn to material only in the point, where chaos impacts order. 

Sometimes black holes are starting to travel across the universe. They are forming whirls in their trail. And those whirls are the thing that behind traveling black holes is forming stars. The reason why black holes are forming stars also when they are in stable places is this: those black holes are forming whirl. When that black hole is pulling material inside it, that thing forms the contact layer where s forming sub-whirls. And those sub-whirls are forming stars. 

The whirls are making an order to plasma. And that thing turns chaos into order. We can say that stars and supermassive black holes can form only at the point where the order impacts chaos. At that point forms whirls that are turning into stars, galaxies, or some other objects. That's why the modern theory of everything involves chaos and order. 

Once before, just after the Big Bang the universe was in order. And then another time when the universe turns to order is a big silence. In that time far away in the future, the last black hole exploded. And then the only thing that is left are superstrings that are traveling through the universe. 

"An illustration of a 'runaway black hole' zooming away from its galaxy, with a trail of stars following behind it. (Image credit: NASA, ESA, Leah Hustak (STScI))" ('https://www.livescience.com/Runaway' black hole the size of 20 million suns caught speeding through space with a trail of newborn stars behind it.

Chaos and disorder are the white noise that covers the small and weak information under them. 

Chaos and disorder in the universe are things that cover retrocausality. Because all information that travels in the universe is whirling and there is lots of reflection that thing covers the weak signals under the white noise. If the universe would be in the order that allows us to see the future through black holes. 

There is a possibility that a small part of information can escape from the black hole, but when that information or superstring hits the universe it changes, and the information that this string carries vanish under the white noise. And it's very hard to separate from the gamma- and other high-energy radiation and reflection. 

The aging of the universe means that its temperature will decrease. That thing increases the disorder. But the size and type of disorder are changing. And if we think that the universe is in its final stage, we must remember that every day is the first day in the path that started in the Big Bang and turns into a big crunch or great silence depending on the geometrical shape of the universe. 

Once the universe was in perfect order. The radiation that left from the Big Bang left radially from outside that thing. And then the energy could form a massive black hole that slows the speed of the radiation and then the impact of radiation that comes out from the point of the Big Bang impacted with radiation that is slowing that formed a standing wave and group of whirls that formed the first elementary particles. Probably there formed some kind of gravitational lenses that changed the way of radiation or superstrings started to impact. 

That caused the disorder. And then another time when the order returns to the universe is the time when the last star is lost its fuel. When the last black holes have erupted the universe reaches the order. That order was possible in the universe a second before the first elementary particles are born. When we are thinking about the last moments of the universe, reactions in that cold and strange place are not common. 

But the effect of gravitational waves that travel in extremely stable conditions is stronger than it's now. In the modern universe, white noise disturbs also gravitational waves. But in the old universe, the gravitational waves travel for a long time. And the distance of the gravitational effect is higher than in the modern universe. So those crossing gravitational waves cause turbulence in the extremely low energy in the universe. 

https://www.astronomy.com/science/hubble-spots-runaway-black-hole-leaving-behind-a-trail-of-new-stars/

https://bigthink.com/hard-science/surprise-theory-of-everything-symmetry-order-disorder/

https://www.livescience.com/runaway-black-hole-the-size-of-20-million-suns-found-speeding-through-space-with-a-trail-of-newborn-stars-behind-it

New findings in the human genome cause re-estimation of the origin of Homo Sapiens.

"A new model for human evolution asserts that modern Homo sapiens stemmed from multiple genetically diverse populations across Africa rather than a single ancestral population. This conclusion was reached after researchers analyzed genetic data from present-day African populations, including 44 newly sequenced genomes from the Nama group of southern Africa". (ScitechDaily.com/New DNA Research Changes Origin of Human Species)

"The research suggests that the earliest detectable split in early human populations occurred between 120,000 to 135,000 years ago, after long periods of genetic intermixing, and that subsequent migrations created a weakly structured genetic stem. Contrary to some previous models, this research implies that contributions from archaic hominins were unlikely to have significantly affected Homo sapiens’ evolution".(ScitechDaily.com/New DNA Research Changes Origin of Human Species)

Wikipedia/Hominidae

New findings in the human genome are making it possible to estimate better how Homo Sapiens got its origin. The new findings are telling that the origin of Homo Sapiens is in Africa. And the origin of Homo Sapiens was in multiple populations. So the single population didn't cause the form of Homo Sapiens. That thing explains why we are so a successful species. Things like bows made modern humans superior to Neanderthals. 

We know that Neanderthals used some simple tools, but complicated tools made Cro-Magnons and modern humans superior.  Sometimes we can say that Cro-Magnon is a modern human without the ability to write. And that's why we can say that Cro-Magnon is an early European modern human. But the new research tells that the Cro-Magnon advanced in Africa, not in Europe. 

The reason for the extinction of the previous hominids could be some kind of pandemic. There was something that opened the path for the next hominids, and maybe that was some kind of loss in the population in the hominid-family tree. So there was something, that made nature favor the genetic changes. That formed a new member in the hominid family, and something caused the extinction of Neanderthals and their ancestors. 

Humans are one of four existing hominids. But we are only members of the Australopithecus branch. Chimpanzees separated from Australopithecus a long time before Homo Sapiens started to form. 

The thing, that makes those new genetic research interesting is that they might tell, why the previous hominids whipped out from Earth. The thing is that the extinction of the Neanderthals might caused by some illnesses. Maybe some kind of pandemic opened the room for new types of humans, and now we are on top of that path. The fact is that human genomes are still advancing. And human species is always changing. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecine

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_European_modern_humans

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominidae

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal

ChatGPT can easily turn to general-purpose artificial intelligence.

The ChatGPT will be published as an open-source application, and at this point, we must realize, that Chat GPT will easily turn to GP AI. The requirement is that the system can make "daughter applications" like program tunnels. For it can control other software and computer through those applications. 

What makes ChatGPT so powerful? That is it can create applications by using common programming languages. And it can create the application very fast if it knows what that application should do. Precise and accurate orders allow that Chat GPT can make an application that it can use to control computers and other software. 

The ChatGPT is not allowed to make changes in its source code or those program bridges. But if somebody gets the source code in their hands, those changes are easy to make. Maybe the open-source version of the ChatGPT has not the same capacities as the commercial application, but that open-source application can work as a root, that can be used to make the new GP AI. 

The GP AI is a tool, that makes new robots with large-scale operational sectors possible. The human-looking robot can operate under the remote control of the supercomputers. And the GP AI makes it operate in all missions as humans. But the problem with the GP AI-controlled robots is that they are not like humans. 

Normally when people are learning something they need time to practice. The network-based GP AI can use any robot in the world to create some kind of action matrix. And then it can download that action matrix to another robot. So that system can use two robot groups. The other operates on the field and the other is in the laboratory, where the AI practices them. Then the AI can load those data packages to the field operating group. 

The GP AI can load any kind of action module in the robot's control applications. So the AI will reprogram the robot in a second. And the new tools like OI (Organoid Intelligence) where the living, cloned neurons are used to communicate with the CPU also make the local-operating multi-task robots possible. 

The reason why AI is the ultimate tool for many things is that it can search a large entirety. No human can operate with extremely large data matrixes and follow marketing courses 24/7/365. The thing that AI will never get tired and it sees the minimum changes makes it the tool for stock marketing. 

The thing is that the AI doesn't require breaks. The thing is that the AI requires control. But prohibitions are not working with this kind of technology. The arguments against AI are that they are taking the workplaces of the bosses. The argument should be that in the wrong hands, AI can turn the virus generator. 

Or the AI can control killer robots. The AI can also create computer viruses that are making killer robots unable to operate. 

But the fact is that AI is a tool that changes the world. The AI-driven environment can be more economical than ever before. AI can be used to create environmental-friendly technology. The argument against AI is that is not human. The thing is that all humans have attitudes. And the AI can see if some judges or attorneys are not looking at some evidence at all. 

https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/phoenix-general-purpose-task-robot

https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/openai-to-release-new-open-source-ai-model

Human genome mapped.

The new version of the CRISP database was completed. And that thing is like turning the black and white TV into a colored model. CRISP or human genome mapping is the perfect tool for genetic research. And genetic engineering. If we think about things like genetic engineering and fixing genetic errors in human genomes, we must precisely know what certain genomes are doing. And that requires comparing with millions or trillions of base pairs in the DNA structure. 

There is the possibility, that error in one base pair makes something very big. Today researchers have better knowledge about things like the purpose of so-called junk DNA. The term "junk DNA" means DNA sequences that cells do not read very often. Those sequences involve information that the cell uses rarely. Those so-called junk sequences involve information that controls the neural structures advancing. 

"The Human Pangenome Reference Consortium has made significant progress in creating a more inclusive human reference genome by assembling genomic sequences of 47 individuals from around the world. The original human reference genome was based on data from a single individual of African-European background, limiting its representation of genetic diversity". (ScitechDaily.com/The Pangenome Breakthrough: A Crystal Clear Image of Human Genomic Diversity)

This new pangenome, which renders over 99% of each sequence with high accuracy, reveals almost 120 million DNA base pairs previously unseen. By providing a more accurate representation of human genetic diversity, researchers can refine their understanding of the link between genes and diseases, accelerate clinical research, and ultimately help address health disparities". (ScitechDaily.com/The Pangenome Breakthrough: A Crystal Clear Image of Human Genomic Diversity)

The base terms in genetics or biology are: 

Phenotype. That is what the creature looks like from the outside. 

"In genetics, the phenotype (from Ancient Greek φαίνω (phaínō) 'to appear, show, shine', and τύπος (túpos) 'mark, type') is the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism. The term covers the organism's morphology (physical form and structure), its developmental processes, its biochemical and physiological properties, its behavior, and the products of behavior". (Wikipedia/Phenotype)

Genotype. That is the entirety that is controlled by genomes. The genotype means that the creature can have abilities that we cannot see from the outside. 

"The genotype of an organism is its complete set of genetic material. Genotype can also be used to refer to the alleles or variants an individual carries in a particular gene or genetic location. The number of alleles an individual can have in a specific gene depends on the number of copies of each chromosome found in that species, also referred to as ploidy". (Wikipedia/Genotype)

"In diploid species like humans, two full sets of chromosomes are present, meaning each individual has two alleles for any given gene. If both alleles are the same, the genotype is referred to as homozygous. If the alleles are different, the genotype is referred to as heterozygous."(Wikipedia/Genotype)

The difference between chimpanzees' and humans' phenotypes is less than 100 base pairs. Theoretically is possible to create two artificial virus series. That can transform a human into a chimpanzee. And chimpanzees back to humans. But if we would transform a human's phenotype into a chimpanzee's. That means we would create a chimpanzee with the same intelligence level as humans. 

We can easily manipulate phenotype. But the problem is the genotype. The genotype is the thing that is more important than the phenotype. Genotype is the thing that determines things like the advancement of neural structures. 

When we are thinking about movies like Jurassic Park, we might think, that we can create creatures like T-Rex from extinction. The fact is that we can create creatures that can look like T-Rex. But the fact is that those artificial creatures would be far away from the real T-Rex. If we want to create T-Rex, we cannot fix missing parts of the DNA by using some frog's DNA. We must realize that modern frogs are far more advanced than T-Rex. 

The nervous system of T-Rex was different. That beast acted like some bug. There is the possibility that nervous signals traveled in one direction in the T-Rex's nervous system. And that thing made it so bloodthirsty. That means that ancient beasts lived only following their instincts. Modern frogs can transmit their nervous signals back and forth. And that makes them able to learn things. 

Another vision is to connect the genomes of sherk with genomes of things like Orcas. That kind of idea is a good topic for some action films. But the fact is that is not a very good idea. Orcas are the most intelligent sea creatures. And the fact is that we might not want things like sharks with the dolphin's intelligence level. 

https://scitechdaily.com/the-pangenome-breakthrough-a-crystal-clear-image-of-human-genomic-diversity/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenotype

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploidy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genotype

Light affects chemical reactions by slowing them.

Theoretical physicists discovered the reason why light affects chemical reactions. The reason for that is light can affect the energy level of atoms. When light impacts atoms it rises their energy level. The energy level in atoms rises until it turns higher than its environment. Then that energy starts to flow out from atoms. That energy flow pushes other atoms away.

We can think that energy is like the wind. And when energy travels out from an atom it moves to other atoms. When the energy flow ends that atom or its electron sends a photon. And that photon acts like a rocket engine. 

When light impacts an atom it increases its quantum field energy level. The energy that travels out from an atom is pushing other atoms away. And that is the thing that breaks structure. 

When energy travels out from atoms, that thing is called quantum annealing. In that process is forming an impact wave that travels out from the atom. That energy pushes other atoms away from the annealing atom. When all atoms in the quantum system anneal. 

They are increasing free energy in the system. Free energy is pushing atoms away from each other. The thing is that adjusting the symmetry of energy in atoms is possible to push them like billiard balls. Free energy is standing waves that cause reflection between atoms. 

"Resonant vibrational strong-coupling can inhibit chemical reactions. Strong resonant coupling between cavity and vibrational modes can selectively inhibit a chemical reaction, i.e., preventing the appearance of products, that is present outside the cavity environment. Credit: © E. Ronca / C. Schäfer" (ScitechDaily.com/Theoretical Physicists Discover Why Optical Cavities Slow Down Chemical Reactions)

There is no meaningless force in the universe. 

When chemical (or electrochemical) bonds between atoms formin. The main interaction that affects the process is electromagnetism. But also things like quantum gravitation and other forces are participating in forming of molecules. The force that affects to reaction can be dominating or recessive. 

When dominating or stronger force is in balance. And it's effect is symmetrical recessive force determines the direction where a particle, like an atom is traveling. Even if the effect of quantum or microgravitation is minimal it still exists. 

If we could make the microlens. Where the atom is turning the trajectory of photons that makes it is possible to create the new type of tools. That allows single atom-scale manipulation. And that is the new road for nanotechnology. 

Term microlensing is normally used in astronomy. That term means gravitation is turning the light waves. But could we call the situation where atoms are turning the trajectory of light at a certain point microlensing? The electron shells of the atom can turn the direction of the photons. If some system can control this effect. That allows the focusing of the light waves precisely at the right point. And that thing allows us to control the positions of the atoms with very high accuracy. 

https://scitechdaily.com/theoretical-physicists-discover-why-optical-cavities-slow-down-chemical-reactions/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_microlensing

If you are different than others, people remember you.

The worst thing that can happen in working life is that the boss will not notice the worker. There is a possibility that if the boss ever gives responsibility to some henchman that causes the end of the career. The person ever has changed to show the skills. And that can destroy the career. The best way to be nobody is just to wear grey or colorless clothes, hide behind some computer screen and hide your face. Things like attempts to be just like others mean that the boss has 15 similar persons who have the same skills. 

If we want to get promotions, we should make the boss see that "we are the guys" who that person wants to hire. In that process, we should convince the boss that nobody can beat us. Nobody is better than we are. And then, almost finally, the boss must think that we are the guy, who that person wants to hire, and we have something that the boss cannot find from anybody else. And that something must bring benefit for the company. That means we should make a positive and positively different impression on others. 

So being different positively means that the boss will focus attention on that person. And when the boss offers the possibility to show the skills that is a change. But at that point, the henchman should know what things to do. At that point causing disappointment can also destroy a career. 

But otherwise, the BBA will make coffee and just sits in groups and make nothing.  That thing can also cause pressure to kick that person away from the office. So before a worker will get any missions the problem is how to make the boss focus the attention on that person. Only if some person will focus attention on somebody, that is the change to get works, that can make an impression on a boss, who decides the person, who gets promotions. But first, the boss must focus attention on that person. 

That is the key element in the things like remembering. Our neural system is made for detecting differences and changes. If something looks different we look at that different-looking thing more easily than if the object is just like every other object. And we remember that thing better. If we have the same gender as other people. If we wear similar clothes that other people use, the leader's focus will not turn to us. 

The boss sees mass, and then that person will select the worker whose name will first come to mind. And that's the reason why in that case, the most affordable position for the person is owning a name that is as close to "A" as possible. If we all have similar backgrounds, including training, that makes us clones. And in that case is the same who the boss selects. But if we want to guarantee that boss will notice us, we should avoid colorless clothes. We should be positive and have a positive attitude. 

That means we should use so-called happy colors, and if we have red slips in meetings, that will guarantee that the boss will ask something. And that is a good moment to make an impression. But then we must realize, that if everybody has red slips, that thing makes that thing the mass again. 

https://scitechdaily.com/how-gender-and-race-can-make-you-forgettable/

Origami robots.

Origami structures and advanced nanomechanics allow researchers to make robots. That can operate without microchips. Or even without electricity. 

The new origami robots use interesting nanomaterial. Some microchips handle boolean formulas. The nanomaterial follows the boolean logic commands like "AND", "OR", and "NOT". Each of those boolean logic commands determines the direction where those robots must go. The origami robots that are masterpieces of technology can make multiple things. The thing is that there are multiple microchips in the structure and each of those microchips can make different things because they are connected with different parts of that material. 

"By embedding flexible and electrically conductive materials into a pre-cut, thin polyester film sheet, the researchers created a system of information-processing units, or transistors, which can be integrated with sensors and actuators". (ScitechDaily.com/Origami Robotics: Scientists Push the Boundaries of Autonomous Capabilities)

"They then programmed the sheet with simple computer analogical functions that emulate those of semiconductors. Once cut, folded, and assembled, the sheet transformed into an autonomous robot that can sense, analyze and act in response to their environments with precision. The researchers named their robots “OrigaMechs,” short for Origami MechanoBots."  (ScitechDaily.com/Origami Robotics: Scientists Push the Boundaries of Autonomous Capabilities)

"An origami-inspired robot designed by a UCLA-led team that can reverse direction when either of its antennae senses an obstacle. Credit: Wenzhong Yan/UCLA" (ScitechDaily.com/Origami Robotics: Scientists Push the Boundaries of Autonomous Capabilities)

There is a possibility that some of the most futuristic robots are operating without microchips. The idea is that the complicated string-shaped molecules that are reacting to different types of stress like different sound frequencies. The thing is that the enzyme or protein springs can return to their original position by using the oppositely acting springs. And maybe in the future, some robots can operate without microchips by using outside stress. These kinds of robots can be very effective systems if they must travel in very high-power EMP fields. 

The wooden transistor is causing the idea that maybe things like cellulose fibers can act as transistors or microchips. But there is also the possibility that things like advanced memory materials also can use as systems that can control the robot's movements. There is the possibility that the robot's structure involves cellulose fibers and a series of protein and enzyme fibers that can resonate when an outsider actor will stress those protein enzyme fibers with certain radiation or soundwave with certain frequencies. 

In some models, a certain molecule that impacts those highly advanced materials will launch a reaction that moves the structure. The idea is that when certain chemical impacts those complicated structures it releases the string-looking molecule. The movements of those structures can be highly accurate if there is a series of string- and spring-looking molecules in the structure. 

https://scitechdaily.com/origami-robotics-scientists-push-the-boundaries-of-autonomous-capabilities/

https://webelieveinabrightfuture.blogspot.com/2023/05/swedish-researchers-made-first-wooden.html

Researchers created a 2D material that is 20 times harder than steel.

The new nanomaterial looks like graphene, but it's the covalent organic framework or COF. The structure of COF is similar to graphene. But it's easier to make. 

Graphene is a 2-dimensional single-atom layer of carbon. Graphite is a series of graphene towers. And that thing makes graphite a good source of graphene. But the problem is how to make enough graphene that it can cover some layers. The problem with 2D materials is that their abilities base the 2D structure.  If there is more than one atomic structure in 2D material. And that means that the material loses its abilities. 

So when the regular material will cover using 2D material. That 2D material must keep away from the layer.  Nanotechnical pillars, atom-size sticks, or DNA bites that act as springs can separate those 2D layers from each other. Those things used keep the 2D atom layer out of the shell.  Also if there is more than one 2D material layer. Those nano-pillars keep those structures separate. 

That allows researchers to make multi-layer nano-structures where 2D material can keep its form. The difference between graphene and COF is that COF is a polymer. And polymers can grow like crystals. It's easier to make the COF layer by growing the structure than by using graphene. The ability to grow the structure of the COF network makes it possible to cover large size areas. 

"Researchers have developed a method to retain the mechanical properties of 2D polymers called covalent organic frameworks (COFs) when stacked in multiple layers. By tweaking their molecular structure, the team created a lightweight material that is several times stronger than steel, preserving its 2D properties even in multilayered forms". (ScitechDaily.com/ Molecular Magic – Researchers Develop Lightweight 2D Material Stronger Than Steel)

"Potential applications include filtration membranes and upgraded batteries. The research could also impact the design of ceramics and metals, potentially enabling their manufacturing and repair at lower temperatures". (ScitechDaily.com/ Molecular Magic – Researchers Develop Lightweight 2D Material Stronger Than Steel)

Researchers describe the COF like this: 

"The potential applications are many. “COFs could make excellent filtration membranes,”. “For a filtration system, the functional group structure at the pore will be very important. As you have, say, dirty water traveling through a COF membrane, the functional group at the pore will capture the impurities only and allow the desired molecule to pass". (ScitechDaily.com/ Molecular Magic – Researchers Develop Lightweight 2D Material Stronger Than Steel)

"In this process, the mechanical integrity of that membrane will be very important. Now we have a way to design very strong, very fracture-resistant, multilayer 2D polymers that could be very good candidates for membrane filtration applications.” (ScitechDaily.com/ Molecular Magic – Researchers Develop Lightweight 2D Material Stronger Than Steel)

And by the way, the UFO story for the day.  The 2D nanomaterial can revolutionize space technology. 

In some visions, the developers planned to create a ball-shaped craft that is created by multiple layers of the 2D material. The idea is that the craft will use antimatter detonations for traveling. And the 2D material acts like ventilation. The idea is that there is no limit to the size of fullerene. The fullerene ball's size can be even kilometers. 

The system is two internal large-size fullerene balls, and the system adjusts the symmetry of the exhaust jet by using electromagnetic fields that are aiming it in the right direction. And that thing makes it possible to change its direction very fast. The 2D materials can also use in the rocket engine nozzles. And they can make the system less noisy. 

In some visions, the saucer-shaped space shuttle will equip with rocket engines that have graphene or some other 2D material net in the exhaust point of the nozzle. Then the very cold gas will pump in the exhaust gas that travels through that 2D network. That system makes it possible to create a silent and stealthy rocket that can be launched from near the city areas. 

https://scitechdaily.com/molecular-magic-researchers-develop-lightweight-2d-material-stronger-than-steel/

Chinese researchers synchronized the monkey brain with a computer.

Chinese researchers made a big step in the development work of the BCI (Brain-Computer Interface). That step is the monkey brain synchronized with computers. And that thing makes the full-capable BCI systems possible. 

The BCI or EEG-controlled interface is not a new idea. Novelist Graig Thomas introduced that system in his SciFi novel Firefox in 1977.  In that book, the Soviet super-secret jet fighter used brain- or EEG-controlled weapon systems. The system used the modified electric shock system that communicated with the cortex. That was in the pilot's helmet. During that time. The BCI was one of the sci-fi-tales. But today, those systems are a reality. 

But things like machine learning and AI are making it possible to make those systems in real life. AI and machine learning are needed to separate certain EEG curves and then connect those curves with certain actions. The system must also filter white noise or meaningless thoughts away from the information that the system sends to the brain. 

The original development idea for the BCI system was to help ALS patients to communicate. The system allowed to use computers without touching them. Originally the system planned to use implanted microchips but today also hats with receiving electrodes are under development. The BCI control allows using of things like external bodies like service robots or HUCC-type robot skeleton that allows ALS patients to walk. 

But today also, military and civil authorities are interested in that system. It can use to control robots in extremely hard conditions. If the robot is connected to this system can use act as a gardener, but the same external body can use by medical doctors. The robot's body is the same all the time. But the user determines the robot's skills.

Researchers sometimes created an idea that they can use implanted microchips to control things like dogs and wolves. The BCI system decodes the brain signals and turns the animal into the robot that sends every sense to the controllers. 

The BCI can cooperate with machine learning. The thing is that the robot group or drone swarms can operate independently. But when they face too complicated a problem. Those systems can ask for human help. And then they store that solution in their memories for similar situations.

The BCI is like a mobile telephone. Who would believe in the 1970s that someday we have computers in our pockets? Who would believe those systems' capacity? 

Who would believe that in the 1970s that someday we have in our pocket the system that gives us access to information storage that is larger than any library in the world? Who would believe that we are looking at videos by using that system? The BCI can connect with the mobile telephone. And thing makes it the most multi-use system in the world. 

In the 1970's the  BCI was fantasy. 

But today, the BCI is seriously developing in public and secret laboratories. That thing allows users to control robots by using the EEG.  And that thing turns the robot into an external body for that system's user. The BCI system's user must not use hands or other limbs to control things like aircraft. 

That makes the aircraft capable to make higher G-turnings. The BCI can interconnect manned fighters with things like wingman drones that can have kamikaze missions like the ability to attack things like air-defense radars. 

The BAE aircraft corporation planning to install the BCI on the future Tempest II jet fighter. And there are also plans to control drone swarms by using augmented reality and BCI. Drone swarms of miniature drones also can use in surgical operations. But those systems are still the most effective weapons on the battlefield. 

https://interestingengineering.com/science/china-syncs-monkey-brain-with-a-computer

The new robot hand has a sense of touch.

The new robot hand can touch objects and move them without cameras. The system can operate in complete darkness and the difference between this new robot hand and the traditional systems is that the robot hand has a sense of touch. That sense is connected with machine learning. And the hand learns things that a regular person spends a year in one hour. 

This new robot hand can be the pathfinder for next-generation robotics with a sense of touch. Robots with that kind of thing might be more like humans. If a human-looking robot operates on the streets and visits shops and makes that kind of thing, it requires a sense of touch. If somebody touches that robt, it would recognize that thing, 

Robots with a sense of touch are interesting in many ways. They can operate in complete darkness without lasers, radars, and sonars. And that makes those robots stealthy. Because the passive sense of touch doesn't send any kind of signals, that system can move in darkness without sending any kind of sounds or unnecessary signals. 

"Using a sense of touch, a robot hand can manipulate in the dark, or in difficult lighting conditions. Credit: Columbia University ROAM Lab". (ScitechDaily.com/Columbia Engineers Create Highly Dexterous Human-Like Robot Hand That Can Operate in the Dark)

"Machine learning algorithms process the data from the tactile sensors to produce coordinated finger movement patterns for manipulation. Credit: Columbia University ROAM Lab" (ScitechDaily.com/Columbia Engineers Create Highly Dexterous Human-Like Robot Hand That Can Operate in the Dark)

"A dexterous robot hand equipped with five tactile fingers. One of the fingers is shown here with the outermost “skin” layer removed, to show the internal structure. Credit: Columbia University ROAM Lab" (ScitechDaily.com/Columbia Engineers Create Highly Dexterous Human-Like Robot Hand That Can Operate in the Dark)

The new robots with a sense of touch can also operate in narrow or dirty places. That means they are less vulnerable when they are covered by motor oil or some other dirt. But the passive sense of touch is one thing that can make many things safer. That thing can be connected with VR-based systems. And if it's connected to the brain. That allows it to send that sense remotely to the user. 

Machine learning makes that kind of system effective. Machine learning can operate independently. Or human users can make the movement series that the machine hand requires using data gloves. Then those series are stored in the memory of those systems. 

The sense of touch could be a practical tool in machines, security systems, and things like space suits and gloves. It allows the system to send that sense remotely to the human brain. And the user can feel the same thing that the robot feels. 

But what would you make with a car that has a sense of touch? That thing can decrease the damage while the car is driving in the parking lot. If a car touches another car the system will stop it. 

Things like futuristic nuclear submarines might have "skin" that feels the touch. That thing denies the ability to connect something like transmitters or detonators to the submarine's body. The sense of touch can also feel things like pressure impulses. 

In some visions, futuristic spacecraft also have a sense of touch. And that helps them to feel the micrometeorite impacts. If things like space suits' gloves have this thing, and they could transmit that signal to the human brain, that will make those things more flexible. Same way. When the operator operates robot hands by using data gloves the sense of touch can send the kinetic experience for the user. 

Swedish researchers made the first wooden transistor.

A new wooden transistor can revolutionize things like OI (Organoid Intelligence) and prosthetics. 

Swedish researchers made their transistors by using balsa wood. "In previous trials, transistors made of wood have been able to regulate ion transport only. And when the ions run out, the transistor stops functioning. The transistor developed by the Linköping researchers, however, can function continuously and regulate electricity flow without deteriorating". (ScitechDaily.com/Scientists Develop the World’s First Transistor Made of Wood)

"The researchers used balsa wood to create their transistor, as the technology involved requires a grainless wood that is evenly structured throughout. They removed the lignin, leaving only long cellulose fibers with channels where the lignin had been". (ScitechDaily.com/Scientists Develop the World’s First Transistor Made of Wood)

"These channels were then filled with a conductive plastic, or polymer, called PEDOT: PSS, resulting in an electrically conductive wood material". (ScitechDaily.com/Scientists Develop the World’s First Transistor Made of Wood).

The wooden transistor is the pathfinder for new bio-information technology. 

That conductive polymer can also use in other cells. There is the possibility that conductive polymer can with the leaves, and why not human cells? In animal cells, the long proteins can be used to make channels for that conductive polymer. The system can use an advanced bioprinter to make the tubes on the biolayer by using artificial blood or leaf veins. The system just uses cell cultures to make artificial veins and the printer just puts them on the layer that can be made of bone- or wood cells. 

And then the system can fill those veins by using electric conducting polymer. One of the most ideal components for electric transportation would be the salt water that allows for transporting electricity cheaply and effectively. That system can be useful in the microchip technology that returns the eyesight in damaged eye. 

There is a possibility that living, genetically engineered cells could create biopolymers where the salt makes an ionization that allows electricity to move in it. That thing might revolutionize the OI (Organoid Intelligence). Because it allows researchers to make more effective connections between living neurons and microchips. 

"Researchers at Linköping University, together with colleagues from the KTH Royal Institute of Technology, have now developed the world’s first electrical transistor made of wood. Credit: Thor Balkhed" (ScitechDaily.com/Scientists Develop the World’s First Transistor Made of Wood)

Transistors that are made of wood are the things that are making it possible to make microelectronic components by using biomaterials. The first wooden transistor might not look very elegant. But that is the pioneer product. And maybe very soon that thing can turn into a cell-size system that can make radios and other things biowaste. Organic microchips are things that can revolutionize security. 

The complicated miniature computers are made of materials that allow. To burn them or driving them to fertilizer makes data processing units that require high security more secure than they are now. If we think that things like bank cards are made using the same materials. That is used as food makes it possible that users can even eat those things like bank cards. 

Sometimes is planned to use leaves as the biological microchips. In those cases, the leaf's veins are filled with powder that turns them into electric components. And that thing can also be an electrically conducting polymer. And, other cells like bone- or skin cells can use to make the biological microchips. Those microchips can use to make artificial retinas for people. And they also can be used to control the prosthesis. Those microchips can use to control electric shock systems that give electric signals to transplanted limbs that increase their revert. 

The animal cells can make it possible to create the singularity where microchips installed on the skull cooperate with the Internet. The thing is that bone cells can also use to make miniaturized, biological microchips. 

The use of living cells as microchips makes one of the most interesting ideas possible. That thing allows to create the microchips that can install in the human body or skin. There is the possibility that the bone- or skin cells can also use for making next-generation biological microchips that can be put in the human body. Those things can use to control the computer by using EEG in the Brain-Computer Interface. The human body will not repel the systems if their makers use cells. That is taken from the receiver's own body when they produce the microchips. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-develop-the-worlds-first-transistor-made-of-wood/

Australian defense department tries to create directed energy weapons systems that can destroy tanks.

The problem with tann-killing lasers is that their energy level must be very high. The laser ray destroys the target by increasing free energy inside it.  The problem is that tank is a very large object. And there is room for very high-level free energy. The most effective way is to create so big laser. That just closes the tank inside its ray. 

Microwaves or high-power radio wave systems can destroy targets, as well as laser rays. The area where that energy pumping system creates the free energy is important if the system can close the target inside the beam. It can raise the free energy level in the entire system. And that makes it easier to break the metal structure in armor. 

That thing denies the possibility that energy can conduct, away from the target's shell. The laser simply warms the tank. And when its energy pumping ends, the energy that travels out from the vehicle destroys it. The level of free energy is not the only thing that means something. Also, the area where free energy impacts the armor means something. 

The problem with the thin and powerful laser ray is it makes a hole in the tank. When the laser makes that hole it loses contact with the material. And then the system will not pump energy into the targeted material. If the system will aim a laser beam at an engine or ammunition, that thing breaks the mechanical parts or detonate ammunition. 

In some models, the system decreases the temperature of the target before it starts to warm it. The idea is that the infrared laser sends multiple high-energy pulses to the cold structure. And that thing causes a similar effect that destroys hot dishes on the table. 

The laser can pump lots of energy to the target, and then the liquid gas will drop its temperature. In some models, the system will simultaneously drop and increase the temperature in the target. That thing will break the structure immediately. 

The use of direct energy weapons against tanks is not a new idea. Sometimes is planned to use crossing radiowaves with opposite polarities. And some other plans included microwave weapons as potential tank killers.

Microwaves are acting like shotguns. And they can use to drop entire drone swarms at the same time.  The laser systems are used to shoot down drones and aircraft. The reason why laser is very effective against those small targets is that it doesn't need ammunition. That means it can shoot as long as there is electricity. 

Lasers don't need very much electricity if it creates its ray by using acetylene light. But if those systems are using electric light for making that ray, the source of that electricity doesn't mean anything. 

But the problem is that the tank is less vulnerable than light aerial vehicles. Another thing is that there are lots of metals in the tank that can conduct energy away from the impact point. So the system requires a very high-scale area that can create the free energy that destroys the material. 

https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/australia-anti-tank-lasers

First time in history, astronomers saw that a planet falls in its star. Could that be the faith of theoretical Vulcan planet?

"As the Sun becomes a true red giant, the Earth itself may be swallowed or engulfed, but it will definitely be roasted as never before. However, it remains to be seen whether any of the effects of swallowing Mercury, Venus, or even possibly Earth will be noticeable by a distant alien civilization". (BigThink.com/At last: astronomers catch a star eating its innermost planet)

The planet fell into a star that it orbited, or the nova eruption of a dying star destroyed the planet. That thing proved expectations that stars can eat their planets. At least when they start to expand to red giants. In other situations, the nova eruption from the dying star can destroy the entire planetary system. The star that ate its planet was the sun-type star that ran out of its fuel. And then the Nova eruption destroyed the planet near that star. 

But there is the possibility that things like gravitation brake will cause a situation in which the planet falls into its sun. The situation could be that other planets in a very small solar system that formed around a red dwarf can brake one of its planets that are orbiting in another direction than the rest of the system. The gravitational brake that causes that planet's speed in its orbiter slows can slow planets around big stars. 

The monster flares in binary star systems also can destroy planets. One of the reasons for the monster's flares is radiation that comes from the dominating part of the binary star. That kind of radiation can heat the other participant of those solar systems. And sometimes the FRB (Fast Radio Burst) is suspected as the reason why some orange- and red dwarfs eruptions are so powerful.  

Normally, red dwarfs follow a certain cycle in their eruptions, but those eruptions start without warnings. There is some kind of outside energy effect that increases power production. And things that can increase energy production are the FRB and GRB (Gamma-Ray Bursts). The energy pike that comes from somewhere is very thin, and it's hard to see outside its track. 

Above:) Triton's nitrogen geysers

Urbain Le Verrier (1811-1877) and his hypothesis about the Vulcan planet are almost so well known as the planet Neptune that Urbain Le Verrier found. 

Was misunderstanding of the Vulcan planet just an error that spacetime curvature and time dilation near the Sun caused? Urbain Le Verrier didn't know about time dilation. And that made him calculate the orbiting time of Mercury wrong. Finally, Albert Einstein understood, why there was a difference between observations and calculations in Marcury's trajectory and orbital times. 

There is a myth about Vulcan, the (probably) fictional planet inside Mercury's orbiter. One of the suggestions for reasons that nobody has ever seen that planet is that planet Vulcan just fell into the sun. That thing means that Urbain Le Verrier didn't lie about that planet. But in most sources, the Vulcan is claimed as a hoax. If the hypothetical Vulcan planet was the Ceres-size asteroid that fell into the sun. Nobody can prove or disprove that Urbain Le Verrier lied about Vulcan. 

Urbain Le Verrier (1811-1877)

Maybe Urbain Le Verrier just made mistakes because he didn't know the curvature of spacetime. The differences between observations and calculations in Mercury's orbiting time caused the need to make a new theory that repairs to the Theory of Special Relativity. And that was the beginning of the Theory of General Relativity. 

And anyway, Urbain Le Verrier found Neptune. The thing that makes Neptune interesting is that there is some kind of anomalies or non-matching points between that planet's calculated and real trajectory. The reason for those anomalies could be the curvature of spacetime. And that's why planet X or the ninth planet is so interesting. 

Planet Nine is also a hypothetical object. And somebody suggested that there is some kind of black hole in our solar system. But nobody saw the thing, that caused the curvature of spacetime in that area. That thing could be a glimpse of dark matter, or it can be a yet unknown particle cloud. 

Or in the wildest theories, the wormhole travels near that planet. The wormholes or GRB (Gamma-Ray Burst) type of phenomenon can cause the nitrogen geysers on Neptune's Triton moon. The reason for those geysers is that something pumps energy into that moon. If that moon is full of fission elements there must be lots of super-ionized ice because that radiation would push the molecules in ice to the lines. 

But the thing is that if the calculations were astronomers tried to calculate Mercury's orbiting time by using classic models, the curvature of spacetime can cause those anomalies. Einstein saw differences between observations of Mercury's orbiting time and the results that he got by calculating Mercury's trajectory by using the Theory of Special relativity.

Einstein tried to make the calculations match with observations. But Einstein failed. And that thing was the beginning of Einstein's Theory of General relativity. The theory of General Relativity predicted the curvature of spacetime. So Urbain Le Verrier just didn't know the curvature of spacetime and time dilation near the sun, and that caused miscalculations. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/star-eats-planet/

https://scitechdaily.com/cosmic-cannibalism-astronomers-witness-star-devouring-planet-in-possible-preview-of-earths-ultimate-fate/

https://volcanohotspot.wordpress.com/2020/09/01/the-nitrogen-geysers-of-triton/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbain_Le_Verrier

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcan_(hypothetical_planet)