The image above this text portrait the plasma ring in the Tokamak-type fusion test reactor. The breakthrough in fusion power is that the fusion system will give back 70% of the energy that is used to ignite the fusion. That is the key to create the commercial and self-sustaining fusion reactor.
Nuclear fusion is one of the most promising energy sources in the world. But the problem is how to make it create more energy than the ignition system pumps in there. The ignition of the fusion system happens by using laser, microwaves, and pressing the plasma with the magnetic field. The purpose of a magnetic pressurizer is to pressurize the plasma which will be ignited by using lasers.
In some systems is used friction of the opposite moving plasma rays for boosting the energy level. There is also possible to increase the power in the ignition point of the fusion material by shooting it with ions that have opposite polarity. Or the ions with opposite polarity will shoot against each other. That thing will boost the energy level of the impact point and then increase the possibility of making the fusion.
Natural fusion happens in stars. And it should be possible also on Earth. But the problem is how nuclear fusion is made in practice? Stars have thousands or even millions of years to start nuclear fusion. In nature, that thing happens when the cloud of dust and gas is starting to rotate. And the friction rises temperature so high that it can begin the spontaneous fusion. The thing that starts fusion in the stars is temperature and pressure.
In the Tokamak-type reactor, plasma is orbiting the nucleus in the ring-shaped accelerator. The mission of the magnetic system is just to keep the high-energetic plasma away from the wall of the fusion accelerator.
In some other experimental systems, the reactor is like a ball. The fusion material will inject into the middle of the ball. And then there is targeted electromagnetic radiation. The last system is used in NIF (National Ignition Facility). The purpose of the NIF is also nuclear weapon development.
The reason why the fusion reactor requires extremely high temperature. Is that the system must compensate the pressure in the nucleus of the stars by rising temperature. The problem is that creating the needed temperature requires energy. And if we want to make the fusion reactor the system must create more energy than it is used for the ignition.
The temperature of the plasma is billions of degrees celsius. And that means the core of the fusion reactor will melt. So the system would use the pulse-type nuclear reaction. That means the plasma ring of the Tokamak-reactor is ignite in a short period. Then the pressure will get lower and the fusion shuts down. Then the process will repeat. The problem is that every pulse of the nuclear fusion should create more energy than the ignition needs.
When the temperature of the plasma is rising extremely high level it will also transfer heat to the core of the reactor. And before the second fusion blink, the temperature must get lower because structures must stand the heat. And sooner or later there must keep a longer break in the power product of the fusion reactor.
()https://www.euroweeklynews.com/2021/05/26/british-scientists-in-world-first-fusion-power-breakthrough/
()https://www.futuretimeline.net/blog/2021/08/20-fusion-energy-future-timeline.htm#:~:text=Fusion%20breakthrough%3A%2070%25%20yield%20from%20input%20energy%20The,%28ICF%29%20device%20and%20contains%20the%20world%27s%20largest%20laser.
()https://www.sciencealert.com/what-is-nuclear-fusion
()()https://wci.llnl.gov/facilities/nif
()https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak_Fusion_Test_Reactor
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