Curvity is the new way to control the drone swarms.

   Curvity is the new way to control the drone swarms. 

"Illustration of robots advancing artificial swarm intelligence inspired by the collective behaviors of birds, fish, and bees."(Rude Baguette, “Curvity Controls Robot Interactions”: Researchers Develop New Framework Allowing Robotic Swarms to Mimic Bird and Fish Group Behaviors)

Drone swarms could be the tool that can make almost everything. The idea is that drones can cooperate and connect their computing capacity when they must make complex decisions. Then the swarm can share missions to individual drones. When we think about robot swarms that can mimic things like bird swarms, those robots must know their position in the swarm. The answer to that question can be curvature or curvity. Rude Baguette tells the next things about curvity. 

“A key innovation of the study is the introduction of a new quantity termed “curvity.” This intrinsic charge-like quality allows a robot to curve in response to external forces, guiding its interactions with fellow robots. Each robot is assigned a positive or negative curvity value, which determines its behavior within the swarm. This innovative approach allows for the collective behavior of the swarm to be controlled, whether it involves flocking, flowing, or clustering.”  (Rude Baguette, “Curvity Controls Robot Interactions”: Researchers Develop New Framework Allowing Robotic Swarms to Mimic Bird and Fish Group Behaviors)

Assistant Professor Stefano Martiniani from New York University emphasized the potential of this approach: “This curvature drives the collective behavior of the swarm, potentially controlling whether the swarm flocks, flows, or clusters.” Such a model transforms the challenge of controlling swarms from complex programming into a material science issue, opening new avenues for research and application.” (Rude Baguette, “Curvity Controls Robot Interactions”: Researchers Develop New Framework Allowing Robotic Swarms to Mimic Bird and Fish Group Behaviors)

Sharing the system into substructures that mimic galactic groups makes it easier to create programs for robots. Each layer or level acts as one robot. 

The system can involve the next type of information. 

“You are a robot of robot group 9. Robots 1 and 2 must be ahead of you. And robot 4 must be on the left side of you. Together, you are Robot Swarm 2, and Swarms 1 must be on your side, and Swarms 3 and 4 must be behind you. Together, your place is in layer 3. That layer must be between layer 2 and 4.” Then the system has other algorithms that tell what to do if one drone is lost. 

The key question is how the robot can determine its position within the swarm. In this case, the modular structure is the solution. There can be multiple data levels, which makes the data structure operate as a mosaic. Or, rather, we can say that the structure mimics the universe. There are individual drones that are galaxies in galactic clusters. Then those drone clusters form a local cluster. Then, local clusters form a super cluster. And then the superclusters form a global cluster. Those clusters are the drone swarms. The ability to share the groups into subgroups makes it easier to program those drones. 

The idea is that the drones can form three or four drone groups. The individual drone knows. What drones are behind it, and what drones are ahead of it? The drone group acts like one drone. And then it must know what drone group is ahead and behind it. Then the drone group must know. Whether it should be above or below some of the other drones. The system can make that quite easily. It can share the drone swarm into layers. And those drones know their own layer. And then they know what drones should be below and what should be above it. Those drones can operate in squares. That can look like randomly changing forms. 

https://www.rudebaguette.com/en/2025/09/curvity-controls-robot-interactions-researchers-develop-new-framework-allowing-robotic-swarms-to-mimic-bird-and-fish-group-behaviors/

Unpredictable actions make human behavior hard to predict.

  Unpredictable actions make human behavior hard to predict. 

"To be, or not to be" 

98% of generative AI projects fail. The reason for that is that researchers try to replace humans. But is this the only thing that causes failures? Another thing that can cause failure is this: people try to use AI for purposes. There, it cannot operate. When we think. About those cases, there is always a possibility that people misunderstand. Things about what they should do. There is a possibility that people try to use AI as a tool that makes something impossible. And one of those things is. To use the AI. To make predictions about economics. 

Economics, psychology, and sociology are not exact sciences like mathematics and physics. The AI can calculate things like the energy levels of particles quite easily. If it knows all quantum fields. And all other things. That interacts with that thing. A psychological effect. Makes it impossible to make predictions about the economic advances. Human behavior is unpredictable. When we go out and say. We go for a walk. For 30 minutes. But we might not do that thing. 

Feelings and imagination are things. That allows us to make unpredictable things. 

We should always react to similar stress in similar ways. But we use only successful ways to respond to the challenges. If we don’t get successful feedback. We change the method. How to respond to the challenge. Every action that we do is a small challenge. When we cross the road, there is always a possibility that a car will hit us. When we walk to the shop, there is always a possibility that we slip on the icy street. That’s why there must be an alternative route. 

There is always a possibility that a burglar breaks into the shop, and the police keep the shop closed. Or the milk car can have an engine failure. Causing a lack of milk in the shop. Most everyday challenges involve a risk of injury. Or even die. If we cannot act right. If we just run to the road. Without caring about anything, there is a possibility that we run straight under the car. 

We can make a U-turn just outside the door and walk back in. We can change our direction for any visible reason. The reason why we make that U-turn could be that we just want to turn around. When a particle turns its direction, there must be some outside reason. The behavior of the particles and radiation is predictable. If we know the entirety. And the thing that makes us unpredictable is feelings. If we feel that we cannot accept something, we don’t do that thing, even if our sense says something else. 

This makes things like economics hard to predict. We should have knowledge of how certain persons react. In certain situations. But the problem is that we cannot know everything that the person faced during their life. And those missing parts can be the most. important things for that person. This is why it’s hard to predict how people react in certain situations. 

One of the reasons why behavior models are failing is that people hide data. Making predictions of the behavior of large groups of humans is much easier. When the group that AI uses grows. That means that the accuracy in the behavior of those people increases. But when we try to predict the behavior of a single person. We must collect all the data of them. We can see from that data how a person reacts to certain situations. If that person faces a similar situation. We can predict when. That person faces a similar situation again. That person will always act in a similar way in all similar situations if the way the person used was successful. 

The thing that makes us unpredictable gives us a big advantage over our competitors. The ability to make unpredictable moves and solutions makes predators hard. To track. And hunt us down. This is the ultimate ability in nature. Abstract thinking is the tool. That gives us the ability to make plans. That gives us the ability to operate unpredictably. 

Solar-powered drones and hypersonic technology are ultimate tools.

  Solar-powered drones and hypersonic technology are ultimate tools. 

"Because Skydwellers are solar-powered, they are green with zero carbon footprint." (Interesting Engineering, Drone with Boeing 747-sized wingspan flies 74 hours non-stop on only solar power)

New solar-powered drones can be far more effective than anyone expected. 

In some scenarios, solar-powered drones can be utilized for intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and targeting purposes. Solar-powered drones can fly far higher than regular, jet-engined drones. If a solar-powered drone is made using stealth materials and uses low-visibility technology. Those systems can fly far above target areas, record radar signals, and observe communication tasks. And other things. Using different types of optical and radar scanners. The drone itself leaves a minimum IR and radar signature, and that system can transmit information about the battlefield to headquarters. 

Controllers can use laser data communication with those systems. The high-flying drone, or pseudo-satellite. Can make a similar mission. With satellites. And the difference is their flexibility. The large-sized drone can also transport rockets and missiles, and it can operate as a flying launching platform for satellite carriers as well as large missiles. 

The high-flying drones can see things. Like hypersonic missile launches, it can give early warning signals to the HQ. The hypersonic missile is one of the most critical things in modern warfare. If the large-sized Intercontinental ballistic missile, ICBM, launches the hypersonic missile. The flight trajectory would be a high-parabolic. 

A winged V-2 /A-4b) rocket is the atmospheric missile’s stem form. The wing’s idea was to give that primitive missile the external range. That missile had the purpose to bomb New York, but its test flights began in spring 1945. Some of them could fly in White Sands, USA, after WWII. 

The missile transports the hypersonic system to a high trajectory, and then the hypersonic missile dives back to the atmosphere and launches its ramjet or scramjet engine. The trajectory makes the hypersonic missile launch quite hard to detect. The launch may seem like a rocket failure. That means hypersonic missiles are tools that are hard for defense.  That’s why those early warning and defense systems require updating. 

There is a possibility that giant ICBM missiles like “Sarmats” can transport those hypersonic missiles to their targets. The system can be based on the technology used in “Brahmos” missiles. The hypersonic missile can replace the upper stage, or stages, in an ICBM. Another version of the hypersonic missiles is the so-called atmospheric missiles. The atmospheric missile is a hypersonic missile. That uses a regular rocket engine to give speed. The missile can have wings and a steering wing. This changes the symmetry in the rocket engine’s exhaust gas. Which turns the missile. The atmospheric missile can have a selectable flight profile. That system can fly like a normal missile. But it can have an atmospheric flight profile. 

http://www.astronautix.com/a/a-4b.html

https://interestingengineering.com/military/drone-boeing-747-sized-wingspan-flies

https://interestingengineering.com/photo-story/us-military-validates-all-electric-drone

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AeroVironment_Helios_Prototype

New self-assembly nanotubes turn the impossible possible.

New self-assembly nanotubes turn the impossible possible. 

"The crystal structure of a carbon bilayer. The purple outer layer and blue inner layer each have a similar arrangement of carbon atoms but are rotated relative to each other by just a few degrees. Credit: © 2021 Isobe et al." (ScitechDaily, Moiré Than Meets the Eye: Carbon Nanotubes Self-Assemble Into Complex Structures for Materials Research)

The Moiré pattern allows nanotubes to undergo a self-assembly process. Self-assembling nanostructures are a fundamental thing in nanoscale systems. That makes it possible to create extremely long nanotubes. Those nanotubes can be the fundamental materials in lightweight and strong structures, from extremely tall buildings to very strong aviation materials. 

Nanoscale technology means that. The structure is planned and created at the atomic level. The nanoscale structures are like LEGOs, and they can form larger structures. Nanotube technology makes it possible. To create lightweight and strong structures. In nanotube-based nanostructures, the nanotube bundle is bound together using a graphene layer. That makes the structure strong and lightweight. Those nanotube structures make it possible to create very tall buildings. 

The nanotube structure that graphene binds together. 

Artist’s impression of a space elevator

"A space elevator is conceived as a cable fixed to the equator and reaching into space. A counterweight at the upper end keeps the center of mass well above geostationary orbit level. This produces enough upward centrifugal force from Earth's rotation to fully counter the downward gravity, keeping the cable upright and taut. Climbers carry cargo up and down the cable." (Wikipedia, Space elevator)

Artist’s impression of Ceres space elevator.( Wikipedia commons)

The space sling is one of the versions of the centrifugal launch systems. Or spin launchers. The idea is similar to space elevators. That benefits Earth's rotation. For transport satellites to the orbiter or even to the solar system. The idea is that the probe is connected to a satellite using a very long cable. On the other side is the counterbalance. When the system launches a satellite, the space sling slings that cable.  Where the probe is connected like a sling. When the satellite is separated, the system must also separate the counterbalance that is on the other cable. Or it must roll that cable inside. 

When we think about mega-projects like space elevators, we always think about the mast-shaped structure. That some kind of asteroid keeps up. By benefiting from the centripetal force. The structure can also involve a pressure statue. If the system allows the airflow inside that tower. The air pressure pushes it up. And pressure keeps it in its form. 

 Another way to make that tower is to use the same technology. Used in the Burj Khalifa tower in Dubai. The building requires a large area base, which could be hundreds of kilometers. If the building’s area is large enough, it can be so high that it can reach even the edge of space. The building could be the mega-pyramid that has ever been seen before. 

And anyway, if we think about a kilometer-high launch tower, the rocket will launch through the low-pressure channel, which can save fuel. The rocket will be put in a launch position in the launch tube. Then the hatch at the top of the channel will open. And low pressure pulls the rocket through that channel. But those things are future visions. About systems that can revolutionize space technology. 

https://scitechdaily.com/moire-than-meets-the-eye-carbon-nanotubes-self-assemble-into-complex-structures-for-materials-research/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_elevator

The key to innovations is positive thinking.

 The key to innovations is positive thinking. 

Above: Burj Khalifa

Yesterday, people celebrated new things. They kept parades for new bridges. They proudly claimed that they built the tallest building on Earth. They made new types of engines. And developed new ideas. For science and technology. In 1950, people believed that we would fly using some kind of flying saucers, and every person had their own nuclear reactor in their yard. And they would have flying cars, etc. There were visions that took people to the Moon. 

Without visions and innovations, we cannot make products for our companies. If we want to make people come to our cities. There must be something that makes our cities interesting. The famous buildings. Like Burj Khalifa in Dubai. Call tourists. And locals think. That tourists leave money in their country. There is a proverb in Dubai. Money is like sand in tourists' hands. And a little bit of it always falls to the banks of the United Arab Emirates. 

The net formed a new way of communication. Those visions brought new ways to communicate. And they brought us new medicines. And many other things. Things like the internet were the biggest advances in history. That made new types of AI possible. The AI is the tool. That makes it possible to create new materials and tools. We are part of the networks. And networks are connecting people together. 

Above: Jeddah Tower

"The Line is a planned city in Saudi Arabia, designed to be a 170 km long, 200 meters wide, and 500 meters high string of skyscrapers with a population density ten times that of Manhattan. However, researchers from the Complexity Science Hub argue that its linear design is inefficient, hindering active mobility and necessitating a high-speed rail system that would still result in longer commutes than in other major cities. Credit: Neom" (ScitechDaily, Saudi Arabia’s “The Line”: Urban Marvel or Nightmare?)

When we think about networking. And working on the internet, we might ask: Why are we members of the networks? Why do species make networks? They share their genetic inheritance. When people make networks. We make them for sharing. And getting new ideas. Those new ideas are things that we can mix with the information that we already have. The networks are thing that gives new ideas to people. 

But if we want to get new innovations. We should think of them. As positive things. If we just find negative things. About those projects, we would not have any innovations. There is a possibility that with a sceptical attitude. We just continue. Using old methods and old tools, and leaving all Burj Khalifas at the theoretical level. That means that somebody will build that thing anyway. The idea of using Burj Khalifa as a marketing tool is this. When people ask, “What is the tallest building on Earth?”. The system gives the name of the building and location. 

Then there are images of Burj Khalifa. The UAE leaders believe that at least 10% of the people who see those images ask, “Would we spend our next holiday in Dubai”? If there are a billion people and 10% will discuss that thing, that means 100 million people will talk about that place to spend their holiday. And if ten percent of those people want to buy their holiday. And spend that in Dubai. It means. One million  visitors will come to see Burj Khalifa. If all of them leave 5 euros, in that building. That brings 5 million Euros in that building’s cash. And of course, those people bring something to other places in Dubai. 

But there is another way to make innovations. And business. That thing is to shame innovations. If the company doesn’t bring something new and interesting to the forefront of people's minds. That means somebody else brings. 

The Burj Khalifa, 828 m, is still the tallest building. However, Saudi Arabia published plans to create a 1000-meter-wide building. Jeddah Tower in Saudi-Arabia will rise to a kilometer.  It will be the tallest building on Earth when it's ready. Another thing that Saudi-Arabia plans is “The Line”. A 170-kilometer-long and 500-meter-high building. The last one will be the city in one house. That structure is feared to cause problems with birds. The Line is also suspected to be used to keep people under control. 

These extremely large houses will also come. To Northern Europe. Those houses can be the next generation living environment, where people will live and work. And have their free time. In the same buildings. When we think about this kind of solution. It would be cheap and effective. At the same time, people lose their last contact with nature. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Khalifa

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeddah_Tower

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Line,_Saudi_Arabia

The Beyraktar drone makes its comeback.

 The Beyraktar drone makes its comeback. 

Above: “ A Ukrainian TB2 drone armed with precision-guided weapons.” (Eurasian Times)

At the beginning of the Ukrainian war, the Beyraktar drone was the key element in the defense. Then, Russian electronic warfare systems made that drone unable to operate, but the Beyraktar TB-2 may be back in business. The question is this: Are those Beyraktars the same that operated during the early Russian attack? There is a possibility that those drones are updated. The Beyraktar-type drones are large, and they can carry sub-drones or independent, AI-controlled kamikaze drones. 

Or those Beyraktars can have an improved ability to cooperate with drone swarms and track missile sites. And especially sites that operate fiber drones. Or maybe their mission is to search Russian ECM stations and destroy them. Those drones can also operate. In maritime patrol duties. Recently, a Beyraktar drone sank a vessel in Black Sea. 

There is a possibility that those large-sized drones can also operate as decoys or larger kamikaze drones. The purpose of those drones is to make the Russians attack it. The larger-sized drones can carry larger. And more powerful computers than small-sized drones. When we think about Beyraktars, there is a possibility that there are also jet-powered versions of that drone. Another possibility is that the larger drone will carry Beyraktar to a strike distance from the target. The Beyraktar is a system that can carry an AI-based image recognition and attack system. 

The carrier vehicle can carry that drone deep into the Russian airspace. The AI-based system. Makes it possible to select. And attack targets independently. Those drones will not need radio communication. Or GPS. They can use optical digital scene-matching area correlation. Those are terrain contour-matching systems, boosted with aided inertial navigation systems, TERCOM/TAINS, which make those systems independent. from the GPS. The system uses the landmarks and inertial to navigate to the target. 

A radioisotope thermoelectric generator, RTG, gives unlimited operational time for drones. 

And then the system can drop parasite drones near the target, and Beyraktar can make a kamikaze mission against those targets. These kinds of systems are possible. The reason why. There are so many “maybes” in this text. Is this. There must be some kind of reason. Why Ukrainians return to that old system for operational use. There is a possibility that this kind of drone also has unlimited operational capacity. 

Those drones can use electric engines and a radioisotope thermoelectric generator, RTG. The RTG gives electricity to the systems. And those systems can operate for a very long time. The Voyager space probe uses the RTG generator. Which has delivered electricity for almost 50 years. That means a propeller or blower using a drone can operate for almost unlimited time. The blower gives  a higher speed for the drone. And that kind of stealth drone can be almost invisible. Those drones. Will not leave infrared marking, and their small size helps them survive. 

https://www.eurasiantimes.com/bayraktar-tb2-drone-made-a-comeback-in-ukraine/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FP-5_Flamingo

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioisotope_thermoelectric_generator

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TERCOM

Why is it hard to impose sanctions on Russia?

 Why is it hard to impose sanctions on Russia? 

We always wonder why Trump hesitates to impose sanctions against Russia. The reason for that is extremely complicated. We know that the Russian government has large-scale nuclear weapons that they use as blackmail tools. That is an easy explanation. There is also another problem with Russia, and that problem is China. China is the biggest producer of rare earth metals. In the world. Even if the USA is one of the most powerful and advanced countries in the world. That country is bound in the international, global-scale raw material network. 

And that thing puts the brakes on the U.S. government. The USA has been the most advanced microchip maker on this planet. But the problem is that. This country requires many strategic metals and minerals that are used to make microchips and other technical equipment. This means that if China does not deliver those minerals, the USA’s ability to produce microchips decreases. Another problem is things like oil. Many oil producers in the Middle East are BRICS countries. Those countries want to see Putin as their ally. The reason for that is that those nations are non-democratic, and the activist movement wants to limit weapon sales to those countries. 

Those people know that Putin is not as sharp as Western actors who use those weapons. And Putin can sell things like nuclear weapons technology to those countries whose main source of income is minerals, and especially the oil and gas industry. The U.S military requires oil and gas for its global operations. The nuclear bomber can operate on a global scale using airborne refueling. But the support operators.  Like special forces teams. Need petroleum for their equipment, in case the nuclear bomber must make an emergency landing. Those operators also require a base in the Middle East where they can operate. In those situations. 

Another problem is that Putin thinks that he can try to buy politicians and other people to support his propaganda. People know. That Putin and his regime are willing to make sacrifices to stay in control.  The fact is that those sacrifices don’t touch Putin’s nomenclature. And that is the thing that is a big problem. Another thing is that nobody knows how big a sacrifice Putin is willing to make. Putin is the man who is in command. But he is not the entire regime. There are people in Russia who support his policy. That means changing the leader might not mean that war ends or anything changes in Russia. 

There is a certain cycle. When we think about the freedoms in the Soviet Union and Russia. There are always thaws when new, young leaders take their position. But when leaders turn old. The secret police will start to tighten its grip on society. That means arresting and sending to the GULAG. When the leaders change, the people who served those leaders turn into criminals. In one night. After Stalin’s death, his loyal servants like Beriya and many other people went to prison and were executed. That was the second purge. Those purges followed all other soviet leaders. And they still continued. The idea is that people who served the old regime are useless. And the new leader collects a new regime around him. 

The thing is that the secret police controls the entire society in Russia. If leaders are not pleasing the secret police organization. That person faces a heart attack. As long as the secret police exists, there cannot be big changes in the Russian government. The secret police surrounds all Russian leaders as it surrounded Stalin, Lenin, and the Tsar. That organization is like a state in a state. And those people don’t hesitate to use violence. It is almost certain that the secret police killed the ex. Chairman of the KGB, Yuri Andropov. because the leader of the Communist Party, or literally the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, wanted to limit the secret police’s power. The KGB probably used salt injection for that case because Andropov’s kidneys were damaged, and that caused death. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Security_Service

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclature

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Andropov