Researchers are trying to create new alternatives for rockets.

"Illustration of an imaginative artwork depicting satellites piled up like a stack of pancakes. Image generated by AI." (Sustainability-times, Unstoppable Satellite Barrage: US Firm’s Hypersonic Cannon Fires Pancake Probes Into Space, Prompting Urgent Chinese Response)

Space rockets are tested and good systems for launching satellites into orbiters. But there is one problem with rockets. They are so noisy. And they need lots of space around them. There are a couple of alternatives. Researchers are trying to develop to replace those noisy systems. The easiest to make are the blimps, high-altitude unmanned airships that rise small Pegasus-type rockets to the edge of space. 

Those rockets will launch into orbit from the 40-kilometer altitude. The unmanned robot airships can use hydrogen for hovering, and explosions will not be dangerous to humans on board. Those systems are quieter than the regular rockets. 

The other version is the hypersonic aircraft that makes the ballistic jump. The satellite will release at the top point of the trajectory. Or the aircraft can pull that satellite behind it in the hypersonic glider. And when that aircraft makes the ballistic movement the satellite follows it. And then the ballistic movement acts like a sling to that satellite. 

Centrifugal launchers or spin launchers are tools that can replace rockets.  In those systems, the spinning plate accelerates the satellite at a very high speed. The spinning plate should be very large so that it stands for the spinning speed. If there is some kind of error the centripetal force destroys the plate. There is a possibility of connecting the spin launchers with magnetic accelerators, which can be connected to the stratospheric tube. 

The orbital centrifuge cannon can look like this. The image was made with AI. 

The tube itself can be connected with quadcopters. And it can have a telescopic structure. That means the system can push the stratospheric together. When the system is in use those quadcopters and electric motors pull that tower in full length. When the spin plate accelerates at full speed the system will open a hatch. 

At the top of that thing. Then it opens a ventilator that brings air behind the satellite. The magnetic track and pressure along with the magnetic system pull the satellite through the tube. Those satellites will not be very large. They can be about 1-2 kg microsatellites. Those satellites are packed in the aerodynamic shield. 

There are many variants of spin launchers. The laser system. That shoots below the satellite. Can give extra thrust. The system needs four lasers around the exit tube that give a stable push for the satellite capsule.  

There are models where the system throws the satellite to the ballistic, or suborbital trajectory. Then the small space shuttle, or space hook. That is connected to the space station or heavier satellite pulls that satellite upward. The orbital system catches the satellite. And pulls it upwards.  

In some models, the robot airships can carry extremely long whips. The spin launcher is like the Kevlar or spider silk rope. The rope will spin at a high speed. The length of that whip can be even kilometers. In some plans, there is a space station between Earth and the moon. There the whip length is enormous. 100 or even 1000 kilometers throw the small probes around the solar system. 

The thing is that the centrifugal canons that are connected with magnetic accelerators can be used in long-range artillery. Those systems can launch ammunition over long distances. When we think about the orbital spin launchers those systems can look like helicopter rotors. They can pull themselves into a small size. Then the origami-style system puts its structure into the full size. The magnetic accelerators can be put in the tubes. That is in the middle of solar panels. Those "space windmills" can send metal ammunition against targets at a very high speed. 

https://www.sustainability-times.com/energy/unstoppable-satellite-barrage-us-firms-hypersonic-cannon-fires-pancake-probes-into-space-prompting-urgent-chinese-response/

The new way to communicate using light.

"Propagation of light pulses with intermodal dispersion in multimode fibers, MMF. Words are mapped to different frequencies (different colors), the optical pulses are stretched into different temporal dispersion curves. This allows for the identification of the pulse frequencies at the receiver, thereby enabling the reconstruction of the input words. Credit: Gao, Z., Jiang, T., Zhang, M. et al." (ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Taught Light to Transmit Meaning – And It’s Revolutionizing Communications)

There are many ways to make light-based communication systems. Normally, we think that the light flashes mean 0 and 1 in a laser communication system. But the 0 and 1 can be two different wavelengths. That means the flash of red can mean 1, and the flash of green can mean 0. This is a useful tool for binary data transmission. But there is one way to transmit data by using light that we don't usually mention. 

In that version, a single wavelength means a single word. The system must only give serial numbers for light- or radiation flashes. Then the receiver can put those flashes back into a certain order. That means red can mean "if", green can mean "and" etc. Researchers can also use radio waves in the same way as lasers. And the point of the CCD camera those people can put a radio spectral scanner. 

There are approximately 600000 words in English. Some people might think to use that kind of data transmission, the system requires 600000 wavelengths. The system can send those messages by blinking the colored lasers in the order that gives words to the receiver. If one color carries one word that makes the system immune to disturbance. 

"Experimental system. a, encoding: Each word is mapped to an optical frequency according to the encoding table. b, Schematic of the experimental setup. c, decoding: Recognize each dispersion curve as the corresponding frequency using the fingerprint dictionary, and then reconstruct the words based on the encoding table. d, implement sentiment analysis using a deep learning model. Credit: Gao, Z., Jiang, T., Zhang, M. et al." (ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Taught Light to Transmit Meaning – And It’s Revolutionizing Communications)

The problem is that. Language advances all the time. And the system requires very advanced and complicated transmitter-receiver pairs. But theoretically is possible to create a CCD camera that pixels can separate 600,000 frequencies. And, a transmitter can also have the ability to send 60000 separated frequencies. 

And that means the system must have flexibility. If the system uses the English alphabet. It needs only 52 frequencies for the letters. There are 26 capital and 26 lower cases. And other frequencies for numbers and special marks like brackets. Or the sender can use the words to send numbers. But that creates limitations in massages. 

The system can use red as "A" and the light flashes can involve data which place the certain letter takes in the words. That thing is hard to jam. 

So it's immune for the outcoming errors. But otherwise, it's easy to break. 

The system can also encode lots of words in one wavelength. There can be hundreds of words encrypted in certain colors. The system must only send the serial number of the word that the system sends. This kind of system is more complicated to break. That thing makes this thing more vulnerable to disturbance. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-just-taught-light-to-transmit-meaning-and-its-revolutionizing-communications/

The LLM-style operating systems can make quantum computers more scalable.

New types of advances in quantum computer technology make those systems more scalable than ever before. The new operating systems can use the Large language model, LLM style portal that offers a better interface between binary computers and the quantum system. The LLM is always similar. It allows to use of multiple things to give commands to the system. The LLM can operate between humans or it can also operate in an interface between computers. The LLM can also make binary computers, and quantum computers understand each other better. 

The large language model, LLM is only one version of the command languages. Written for computers. In traditional programming and command languages like DOS language, C, C++, etc. the command syntax happens through certain formulas. The user must give those commands precisely the right way. The LLM gives freedom to the operators. The LLM allows to use of spoken language to give commands. The language model searches keywords from text. 

Then it translates those things to commands, that the sub-application requires. Those sub-applications can be the internet browser or some programming editors. 

The idea for those LLMs is taken from the Internet search field. It is much easier to write search words and go to the homepage. Clicking the link then write long addresses into the address bar. 

When a user gives the order to the computer. Using spoken language. The system transports data to a speech-to-text application and then it can transfer that data to the LLM user interface. That is the thing that makes the LLM so effective. The LLM translates those commands for the modules that search data from the networks. 

The new quantum computers that run the large language models, LLMs, can quite soon make the doctoral thesis. The system can search data from multiple sources and then fix the text into the form required for a doctoral thesis. 

Those LLMs require lots of data and complicated algorithms. Those things require lots of calculation power. The LLM and the quantum computers are the ultimate duo. Because quantum computers have that kind of calculation power. 

That is one thing that makes quantum computers more powerful than other systems. 

And the only thing that can beat quantum computers is the quantum neural network. Which is the network of quantum computers. That means quantum computers make old-fashioned data security useless. 

But otherwise thinking. That system can protect data more effectively than binary computers. There are multiple levels of data security. The system that runs complicated algorithms can confirm the computer that the person uses. 

But it can also recognize the user. And AI can see if there are other suspectingly acting persons. In the same space. Those things make AI an ultimate tool for data security. The AI can make a profile. If the writer is always the same person. And when the style is always different that makes suspicion that there are multiple makers in documents. 

AI-control robots are a good alternative for manned space projects.

"Artist's impression of the Dragonfly spacecraft flying over the surface of Titan" (Wikipedia, Dragonfly)

The biggest problem with missions to another planet in our solar system is this: flight times to planets are far longer than flight travel to the Moon. The only realistic place where we can travel safely is Mars. On other planets Venus's thick atmosphere causes risks. Of course, it's possible to travel to Venus and land on its highlands. 

But on the lowlands. The risk is that if the astronaut falls and damages the spacesuit the 600-degree temperature kills astronauts. 

The problem is that in a thick atmosphere, even small things like volcanic eruptions can cause very powerful pressure waves that can make astronauts slip. In those scenarios, the astronauts use the space suits or the suits made for blast furnace workers. Those space suits can equipped with HULC-style exoskeletons and the system can filter air from carbon monoxide. 

On Mercury. The sun's particle flow is dangerous. The astronaut who lands on that planet gets very high radiation doses. Mars is the only safe planet inside the asteroid belt. Or it is supposed to be safe. But the carbon dioxide ice pockets under its surface can cause the fall of the surface. And the sand devils the small tornadoes can cause static electricity that damages systems. 

"This artist’s concept depicts a small rover – part of NASA’s CADRE (Cooperative Autonomous Distributed Robotic Exploration) technology demonstration headed for the Moon – on the lunar surface. Motiv Space Systems in Pasadena, California, created the rendering and is collaborating with NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory on critical rover and mobility functions. Credit: Motiv Space Systems, edited" (ScitechDaily, NASA’s AI Rovers Are Heading to the Moon to Explore Without Human Control)

There is also the possibility that astronauts dirt the planet and that can deny to detect the possible original lifeforms on that planet. If the shell of the spacecraft or Mars base is damaged it can deliver organic material all around the planet. That thing can cover remnants of past lifeforms like bacteria under them. 

But journeys to Jupiter and Saturn are too long. That takes too much lifetime of astronauts. Maybe there are no places where the manned craft can land. The four big Galilean moon's gravity is weak. There is also volcanic activity on the surface of Io. And other three moons have subsurface oceans. That means it's possible. 

That the landing craft will fall below the ice. Saturn is farther than Jupiter and flight time to that planet is over 5 years. Cassini traveled between Saturn and Earth for 6,7 years. The nuclear chemical rockets can travel that journey in about 2-4 years. But there are not any of them in operation. All atomic rockets are still in some planning stages. 

AI-controlled robots are a safe way to do planetary research. Those drones can fly or travel on the distant planet's or moon's surface. Flying quadcopter drones like NASA's Dragonfly that it sends to Titan moon can also dive in methane oceans and they can also operate in the gas giant's atmosphere. 

The AI-controlled robots can use the same programs as the systems that sort bottles to different lines. Geologists can teach those systems which stones they must pick. 

Those AI-controlled robots. Like AI-controlled Moon rovers are safer than manned spaceflights. They can be used as testbeds for civil and military solutions. The Moon is an excellent place to test programs and systems for Titan missions.  On Earth, those robots can also operate underwater and airborne. 

https://scitechdaily.com/nasas-ai-rovers-are-heading-to-the-moon-to-explore-without-human-control/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragonfly_(Titan_space_probe)

A new way to control electrons opens new roads.

"Two twisted boron nitride layers (blue and pink) create a crystal lattice at a distance in which electrons (gold) can arrange themselves in a regular pattern. Credit: Natasha Kiper / ETH Zurich"

"Researchers at ETH Zurich have developed a new technique to better understand how electrons interact within materials. By using a moiré material — created by twisting ultra-thin atomic layers — they generated an artificial crystal lattice in a nearby semiconductor, allowing for more precise studies of electron behavior."

"Scientists have devised a method to create artificial crystal lattices with a large lattice constant in semiconductor materials."

"The increased lattice constant reduces the electrons’ motional energy, making their interactions more prominent."

"This technique will help researchers study electron interactions across different materials."

"A better understanding of these interactions could explain how certain insulators transition into superconductors when extra electrons are introduced"

(ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Found a Mind-Bending Way to Control Electrons)

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The ability to control electrons is one of the things that can boost electronics. The system can use the crystal lattice to trap and control electrons using light. The laser beam can affect lattice atoms' conductivity, and that helps to control the electrons in the lattice. In a modified tunneling microscope. 

The system operates as tweezers. It can put those electrons into their positions. In the new types of memories and quantum systems, data can be stored in electrons. If researchers want to keep data in the form of electrons they must avoid the situation where electron touches the layer. 

Theoretically, the same things that can control electrons can control positrons or antiprotons. The same system that can hover electrons in layers can make the same thing with antiprotons. In antimatter, particles have opposite polarity. And if the system uses electromagnetic force to keep them away from the layer the same system that keeps electrons away from the layer can keep antiprotons away. 

That makes it possible to control electrons and antimatter particles with very high accuracy. The system requires ion layers that can push the positron away from the lattices. The ability to store positrons in crystals and graphene can boost antimatter technology. The system must hover antimatter particles between the carbon net structures. Antimatter can have many weapons, and engine solutions. The antimatter can act as a super-power turbo-boost in chemical and ion rockets. 

It can make it possible to create extremely small ammunition. One gram of antimatter can destroy Earth. This means. A pistol-bullet-sized antimatter capsule can destroy an entire planet. The antimatter can also be used for data storage. Anti-electrons can store data and when the photonic system reads the anti-electron can be destroyed. There is the possibility to use the anti-electron-electron pair in superpositions in quantum computers. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-just-discovered-a-hidden-superpower-in-microscopes-thanks-to-ai/

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-just-found-a-mind-bending-way-to-control-electrons/

Biohacking is the most game-changing technology in the world.

"A research team has identified NEAT1, a long non-coding RNA, as a key player in DNA repair. This discovery links RNA metabolism to genome stability and opens up potential new cancer treatments. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Discovered an RNA That Repairs DNA Damage – And It’s a Game-Changer)

Humans make evolution faster than ever before. We created many species like dogs and cows to serve us. The tame pig has many united things with the wild boars. But the tame pig is not anything like wild boards. The human removed aggression from that species. Same way dogs are far from their natural cousins wolves. Tame cattle are also processed from the wild bulls. 

The thing. What makes tame cattle different is that aggressive individuals cannot make descendants. Aggressive cattle will be sent to a meat factory. And that removed aggressive behavior. 

But today humans have the tools that we had not before. Those tools are genetic engineering and nanotechnology. They can create any creature in the world. We can create artificial DNA that can create artificial species that are not in nature. Creating artificial individuals is similar to breeding horses. The researchers must find individuals who have certain abilities. Then they can enrich the genetic material. However, that method is limited to the species. 

But nanotechnology and genetic engineering make it possible to connect genomes between species. That makes it possible to create even humans whose skin involves chlorophyll molecules. 

Researchers can create artificial species and modify individuals' hereditary benefits. The imagination in biological and genetic research is the limit of biotechnology. The ability to give genome therapy is similar to giving vaccines to people. We can say. That vaccines are early-stage for a large-scale gene therapy. In the morula stage, researchers can check the DNA and then remove things like hereditary diseases from it. The same technology that makes humans wealthier is the worst nightmare in the wrong hands. 

The problem with large-scale genome therapy is there are so many cells in the human body that the system has no time to change the DNA into those cells.  

One of the answers is to create a virus that infects lots of cells. The virus can turn lots of cells to create the wanted DNA. And then. They can inject that DNA into their neighbor cells. 

The DNA bite can be like a program that creates the virus for a certain time. Then. That DNA will destroy the sequences that create those viruses. The problem is that in the genetic transfer process, the old DNA must be removed. If that is not done the result is catastrophic. 

The ability to change the DNA sequences helps to remove hereditary diseases, but it also makes it possible to order the gender of the individuals and connect the other DNA into those sequences. If we connect the genomes from gorillas to the human muscle cells, that gives the ultimate strength for a person.

So maybe we can make Albert Einstein with muscles that make Arnold Schwarzenegger look like rickety. Or we can create a creature that can adjust its muscle-cells mitochondria mass. But then another game-changing thing is that researchers found the RNA that can fix the DNA. RNA can be game-changing in the aging medicals. Aging and some cancers are results of DNA damage. And the ability to fix the DNA. Removes some of those damages. 

The RNA that fixes the DNA can increase our lifetime. And that is one of the things. Why RNA is important. 

This type of RNA can also used to fix the DNA-based nanomachines. When we talk about lifetime. And other things we must realize one thing. Those therapies are not so ultimate that we can forget exercise, a wealthy lifestyle, and being careful. 

One of the reasons why our lifetime will not extend as predicted is that medicines and treatments are better than ever before. So, there are people who think that they can live without caring about a wealthy lifestyle. Some people believe that even if they smoke a couple of boxes of cigarettes every day, and drink a couple of beers every day will get treatment when they want. 

One of the things in medical treatment is that. People don't take medicines as they should take them. If the antibiotics are interrupted before the medication is ended that leaves the strongest bacteria alive. And that is the origin of the super bacteria. This means wrongly used antibiotics and other medicines increase the speed of bacteria evolution. 

https://www.freethink.com/biotech/biohacking-gene-editing

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-just-discovered-an-rna-that-repairs-dna-damage-and-its-a-game-changer/

Space X will launch a Dragonfly probe to Titan.

"Artist’s impression of Dragonfly soaring over the dunes of Saturn’s moon Titan. NASA has authorized the mission team to proceed on development toward a July 2028 launch date. Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins APL/Steve Gribben" (ScitechDaily, NASA’s Dragonfly: SpaceX To Launch Daring Mission to Saturn’s Moon Titan)

The Dragonfly is one of the most daring missions in history. The AI-controlled quadcopter will be launched to Saturn's moon Titan, and there. That probe will research the distant moon. Its atmosphere. And its hydrocarbon lakes. The Dragonfly itself is an interesting concept. If the image above really portrays a Dragonfly. That probe is like a quadcopter. And it seems to have four Kamov-type propellers that give it higher speed than traditional propellers. 

In those propellers, the system tilts the rotor's edge against each other. And that makes it possible to aim the thrust. Those propellers give that system extremely good maneuverability. 

Those propellers are seen in Kamov helicopters. The engine system gets its energy from nuclear batteries or isotope generators (RTG). The thing is that the Titan atmosphere makes it possible to use wind energy on that strange word. 

The Dragonfly concept is suitable for next-generation manned helicopters. The high-speed quadcopter designs can be useful in many missions. Electric engine-operating quadcopters can be a low-noise application. The turbine-based hybrid system allows this system can travel fast between targets, and near the destination, the system can turn to use electric engines. 

If those electric systems and cabins are protected against pressure the quadcopter can also operate underwater. And those systems can give new abilities. For civil and military operations. The underwater-capable quadcopter can fix undersea cables and check structures above and below the surface. The same system can transport military operators to the coastline underwater and then fly them to the building's roofs.

The main difference. Between the FVR-90 hybrid drone that you can see above. And supersonic versions are that. The supersonic versions can pull those quadrotors in the structure. That means the side bodies are a bit longer and the craft's shape is tuned to fit supersonic flight with possible stealth capacities. 

In some visions, the next-generation high-speed jet fighters are quadcopters that can have high-power jet engines. Or, quadcopters can raise those jet aircraft up from the ground. At the right altitude, they can drop the aircraft which can accelerate its speed. But those systems can have internal quadcopter structures. 

The system in the lower image might look a little bit like the jet-engined version. But in that jet-engined version, the main propeller is replaced by a jet engine and high-speed abilities are better. 

Those high-speed systems can use the quadcopter mode in low-speed, low-noise flight. Those quadrotors can be systems that the aircraft can pull while it travels fast. Or they can be small independent operating helicopters that can rise and transport aircraft away from city areas. Then those systems can be separated. And then. Those systems can travel away from the city area and start their jet engines. Those radical concepts will lower the flight noise. 

https://fi.pinterest.com/pin/290622982200791695/

https://scitechdaily.com/nasas-dragonfly-spacex-to-launch-daring-mission-to-saturns-moon-titan/