Satellites are primary targets in modern warfare.

If somebody wants to make killer satellites or satellite killers. That doesn’t need any fundamental technology. The hostile actor requires only large rockets. And the system that recognizes the satellite. Or if the actor wants to close some orbiters. That actor must shoot metal projectiles like nuts to create artificial Kessler Syndrome. This makes things like North Korea's large missiles dangerous. 

France confirms that it’s planning to shoot satellites directly from the ground by using directed energy weapons. Trump’s Golden Dome will transfer the weapons race into space, claim critics. But the fact is that the weapon race is already in space. Satellites play a vital role in modern warfare. And that’s why those systems are targeted for Anti-Satellite, ASAT systems. All big space countries. Can create some kind of satellite killers. Basically, all satellites can act as satellite killers if they are programmed to collide with other satellites. The first killer satellites were tested in the 1960s. 

The Soviets launched the so-called Istrebitel Sputnikov (IS) program to develop killer satellites. Satellites equipped with “special equipment”, like rockets or detonating warheads. To destroy space targets. In November 1968, 4 years after Polyot 1 and 2 were tested for a potential Satellite intercept, Kosmos 248 was successfully destroyed by Kosmos 252, which came within the 5km 'kill radius' and destroyed Kosmos 248 by detonating its warhead.” (Wikipedia, Istrebitel Sputnikov).

Those satellites were launched using Tsyklon rockets. After that. The Soviets started the Almaz and Polyus programs to develop the killer satellites and space combat stations. Those systems included miniature shuttles, MiG-105 “Spiral”, space rocket launchers, and satellites, equipped with machine guns. Things like FOBS (Fractional Orbital Bombardment Systems) made those space systems very dangerous. This is why the U.S. Air Force created their ASAT weapon. After that, things are miniature satellite carriers are suspected. To operate also as ASAT weapons. The miniature satellite is one of the most capable ASAT systems. The miniature satellite can collide with other satellites. Satellite-killer is not the same thing as an anti-ballistic missile system. 

It can hide in the orbiter and then target other satellites. There are also plans to use giant Mylar bags against satellites. Those bags close satellites inside them. And then the puller satellite pulls those satellites into the atmosphere. The ground-based laser systems. These are tools that can destroy suspected satellites. Russians and Chinese are using lasers to blind reconnaissance satellites. The ground-based laser systems. Those that are on high mountains can destroy low-altitude orbiting satellites. Also, laser weapons. Those that are in high-flying aircraft can be effective ASAT systems. Those high-flying ASAT systems are good targets for the spaceborne kinetic, or directed energy weapons. 

Advanced technology in satellites makes it possible. To create radar satellites. That can observe areas of less than 30 centimeters. Those satellites play a primary role in the Ukraine war. And those satellites can be targets for the extended-range anti-radiation missile systems. The missile finds its target like all other anti-radiation missiles. And the low-orbiter satellites. Like IceEye can be those systems' primary targets. This is why those satellites require an effective self-defense capability. When an incoming ASAT missile is coming to the target, there is no time to react. Those missiles can be shot from fighters, bombers, submarines, and surface battle units. The same systems that defend satellites against incoming ASAT missiles can also destroy other satellites. If some FOBS system opens fire. There is not very much time to react. There are two types of this orbital system. 

The system that drops nuclear bombs to the ground. And another version that detonates over the target area. The FOBS system can use the 15-kiloton 200mm nuclear grenades. Or it can detonate above the target area, causing a powerful EMP pulse. The nuclear weapon that is hidden in the satellite can destroy the entire defense system. And this “GoldenEye” type weapon might not need to be released from the capsule. Those satellites don’t need the heat shield if some other satellite or space shuttle takes them into the cargo bay and returns to base. 

New threats are the so-called orbital trash cans. Those satellites are planned to collect space junk. Like satellites that have finished their career. The system can jam the satellite using an EMP pulse. And then that junk collector hijacks that satellite and returns it to the airbase. That kind of system. Can capture things like IceEye satellites. This means that the space is the new place for combatants. And who controls orbitals controls the world. 

https://www.iceye.com/

https://dailygalaxy.com/2025/10/france-just-confirmed-plans-to-fire-lasers-at-satellites-from-the-ground-or-directly-from-orbit/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaz

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-satellite_weapon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kessler_syndrome

https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikojan-Gurevit%C5%A1_MiG-105

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istrebitel_Sputnikov

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyus_(spacecraft)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsyklon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsyklon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsyklon-2

The new observation tools can revolutionize atomic-scale observation.

"Caption:This image depicts the radium atom’s pear-shaped nucleus of protons and neutrons in the center, surrounded by a cloud of electrons (yellow), and an electron (yellow ball with arrow)". (InterestingEngineering, MIT’s new method helps probe inside atom’s nucleus using electrons as ‘messengers)

“The team used the environments within molecules as a sort of microscopic particle collider. Scientists have developed a new method that can help them probe inside atom’s nucleus. Developed by researchers at MIT, the method uses the atom’s own electrons as “messengers” within a molecule to help probe inside the nucleus.” (InterestingEngineering, MIT’s new method helps probe inside atom’s nucleus using electrons as ‘messengers)

The radium fluoride molecule can help to analyze an atom’s nucleus. The system uses radium fluoride to transmit energy into the atom’s electron curtain. That curtain sends energy, or wave movement, into the atom’s nucleus. Reflecting radiation creates valleys and hills in the electron curtain. Those hills and valleys tell about the position of protons and neutrons. 

And then. Researchers can analyze atoms. Protons and neutrons. And their position. Every proton in the atom’s core is like a small magnet. And this system can tell why there is more matter than antimatter in the universe. The same system can make it possible. To create new ways to create nanomachines and nanostructures. The biggest advance in this method to analyze atoms is that. This system fits the table. Another advancement is that the system must not have as strong energy fields as previous systems. 

“Illustration of photon-photon scattering in the laboratory. Two green petawatt lasers beams collide at the focus with a third red beam to polarise the quantum vacuum. This allows a fourth blue laser beam to be generated, with a unique direction and colour, which conserves momentum and energy. Credit: Zixin (Lily) Zhang.” (ScitechDaily, Oxford Physicists Simulate Quantum “Light from Darkness” for the First Time)

Previous systems. That included kilometers-long accelerators. They were not very suitable for use in nanotechnology. Those previous systems used so much energy that the weak structures could be destroyed. The radium fluoride system uses radiation. That is lower energy than accelerators, which can disturb the nanotweezers. That could be acoustic or laser beams. Low-energy surveillance system. Will not disturb the process itself. The weakness in this kind of system is in radium. Radium is a very highly radioactive material. It is not possible to produce lots of radium fluoride. In the wrong hands, that material is very dangerous. 

Things like the ability to create light from emptiness are also things that can revolutionize nanotechnology. The synthetic color, or wavelength of the radiation, makes those laser tweezers more stable. The outside effects are not very strong in the cases where the system moves particles in the factory that uses laser tweezers. Nanotechnology can use those things. Into the more advanced ability to connect and disconnect atoms into molecules. The ability to affect a single bond. In chemical compounds is the thing. That can revolutionize nanotechnology. The Oxford method requires very high-power lasers. But someday that technology can turn right. 

If we think about a situation. That energy beam destroys an atom’s nucleus. The magnetic field can pull protons off the particle cloud. And then the remaining particles are neutrons. There is a possibility to accelerate neutrons by bombarding them with laser beams. Or maybe the magnetic fields can make that acceleration if a neutron is in the right position. The neutron has polarity. And that makes it possible to accelerate them using magnetic fields. 

https://interestingengineering.com/science/mits-method-probe-inside-atom-electrons

https://scitechdaily.com/oxford-physicists-simulate-quantum-light-from-darkness-for-the-first-time/

Curvity is the new way to control the drone swarms.

   Curvity is the new way to control the drone swarms. 

"Illustration of robots advancing artificial swarm intelligence inspired by the collective behaviors of birds, fish, and bees."(Rude Baguette, “Curvity Controls Robot Interactions”: Researchers Develop New Framework Allowing Robotic Swarms to Mimic Bird and Fish Group Behaviors)

Drone swarms could be the tool that can make almost everything. The idea is that drones can cooperate and connect their computing capacity when they must make complex decisions. Then the swarm can share missions to individual drones. When we think about robot swarms that can mimic things like bird swarms, those robots must know their position in the swarm. The answer to that question can be curvature or curvity. Rude Baguette tells the next things about curvity. 

“A key innovation of the study is the introduction of a new quantity termed “curvity.” This intrinsic charge-like quality allows a robot to curve in response to external forces, guiding its interactions with fellow robots. Each robot is assigned a positive or negative curvity value, which determines its behavior within the swarm. This innovative approach allows for the collective behavior of the swarm to be controlled, whether it involves flocking, flowing, or clustering.”  (Rude Baguette, “Curvity Controls Robot Interactions”: Researchers Develop New Framework Allowing Robotic Swarms to Mimic Bird and Fish Group Behaviors)

Assistant Professor Stefano Martiniani from New York University emphasized the potential of this approach: “This curvature drives the collective behavior of the swarm, potentially controlling whether the swarm flocks, flows, or clusters.” Such a model transforms the challenge of controlling swarms from complex programming into a material science issue, opening new avenues for research and application.” (Rude Baguette, “Curvity Controls Robot Interactions”: Researchers Develop New Framework Allowing Robotic Swarms to Mimic Bird and Fish Group Behaviors)

Sharing the system into substructures that mimic galactic groups makes it easier to create programs for robots. Each layer or level acts as one robot. 

The system can involve the next type of information. 

“You are a robot of robot group 9. Robots 1 and 2 must be ahead of you. And robot 4 must be on the left side of you. Together, you are Robot Swarm 2, and Swarms 1 must be on your side, and Swarms 3 and 4 must be behind you. Together, your place is in layer 3. That layer must be between layer 2 and 4.” Then the system has other algorithms that tell what to do if one drone is lost. 

The key question is how the robot can determine its position within the swarm. In this case, the modular structure is the solution. There can be multiple data levels, which makes the data structure operate as a mosaic. Or, rather, we can say that the structure mimics the universe. There are individual drones that are galaxies in galactic clusters. Then those drone clusters form a local cluster. Then, local clusters form a super cluster. And then the superclusters form a global cluster. Those clusters are the drone swarms. The ability to share the groups into subgroups makes it easier to program those drones. 

The idea is that the drones can form three or four drone groups. The individual drone knows. What drones are behind it, and what drones are ahead of it? The drone group acts like one drone. And then it must know what drone group is ahead and behind it. Then the drone group must know. Whether it should be above or below some of the other drones. The system can make that quite easily. It can share the drone swarm into layers. And those drones know their own layer. And then they know what drones should be below and what should be above it. Those drones can operate in squares. That can look like randomly changing forms. 

https://www.rudebaguette.com/en/2025/09/curvity-controls-robot-interactions-researchers-develop-new-framework-allowing-robotic-swarms-to-mimic-bird-and-fish-group-behaviors/

Unpredictable actions make human behavior hard to predict.

  Unpredictable actions make human behavior hard to predict. 

"To be, or not to be" 

98% of generative AI projects fail. The reason for that is that researchers try to replace humans. But is this the only thing that causes failures? Another thing that can cause failure is this: people try to use AI for purposes. There, it cannot operate. When we think. About those cases, there is always a possibility that people misunderstand. Things about what they should do. There is a possibility that people try to use AI as a tool that makes something impossible. And one of those things is. To use the AI. To make predictions about economics. 

Economics, psychology, and sociology are not exact sciences like mathematics and physics. The AI can calculate things like the energy levels of particles quite easily. If it knows all quantum fields. And all other things. That interacts with that thing. A psychological effect. Makes it impossible to make predictions about the economic advances. Human behavior is unpredictable. When we go out and say. We go for a walk. For 30 minutes. But we might not do that thing. 

Feelings and imagination are things. That allows us to make unpredictable things. 

We should always react to similar stress in similar ways. But we use only successful ways to respond to the challenges. If we don’t get successful feedback. We change the method. How to respond to the challenge. Every action that we do is a small challenge. When we cross the road, there is always a possibility that a car will hit us. When we walk to the shop, there is always a possibility that we slip on the icy street. That’s why there must be an alternative route. 

There is always a possibility that a burglar breaks into the shop, and the police keep the shop closed. Or the milk car can have an engine failure. Causing a lack of milk in the shop. Most everyday challenges involve a risk of injury. Or even die. If we cannot act right. If we just run to the road. Without caring about anything, there is a possibility that we run straight under the car. 

We can make a U-turn just outside the door and walk back in. We can change our direction for any visible reason. The reason why we make that U-turn could be that we just want to turn around. When a particle turns its direction, there must be some outside reason. The behavior of the particles and radiation is predictable. If we know the entirety. And the thing that makes us unpredictable is feelings. If we feel that we cannot accept something, we don’t do that thing, even if our sense says something else. 

This makes things like economics hard to predict. We should have knowledge of how certain persons react. In certain situations. But the problem is that we cannot know everything that the person faced during their life. And those missing parts can be the most. important things for that person. This is why it’s hard to predict how people react in certain situations. 

One of the reasons why behavior models are failing is that people hide data. Making predictions of the behavior of large groups of humans is much easier. When the group that AI uses grows. That means that the accuracy in the behavior of those people increases. But when we try to predict the behavior of a single person. We must collect all the data of them. We can see from that data how a person reacts to certain situations. If that person faces a similar situation. We can predict when. That person faces a similar situation again. That person will always act in a similar way in all similar situations if the way the person used was successful. 

The thing that makes us unpredictable gives us a big advantage over our competitors. The ability to make unpredictable moves and solutions makes predators hard. To track. And hunt us down. This is the ultimate ability in nature. Abstract thinking is the tool. That gives us the ability to make plans. That gives us the ability to operate unpredictably. 

Solar-powered drones and hypersonic technology are ultimate tools.

  Solar-powered drones and hypersonic technology are ultimate tools. 

"Because Skydwellers are solar-powered, they are green with zero carbon footprint." (Interesting Engineering, Drone with Boeing 747-sized wingspan flies 74 hours non-stop on only solar power)

New solar-powered drones can be far more effective than anyone expected. 

In some scenarios, solar-powered drones can be utilized for intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and targeting purposes. Solar-powered drones can fly far higher than regular, jet-engined drones. If a solar-powered drone is made using stealth materials and uses low-visibility technology. Those systems can fly far above target areas, record radar signals, and observe communication tasks. And other things. Using different types of optical and radar scanners. The drone itself leaves a minimum IR and radar signature, and that system can transmit information about the battlefield to headquarters. 

Controllers can use laser data communication with those systems. The high-flying drone, or pseudo-satellite. Can make a similar mission. With satellites. And the difference is their flexibility. The large-sized drone can also transport rockets and missiles, and it can operate as a flying launching platform for satellite carriers as well as large missiles. 

The high-flying drones can see things. Like hypersonic missile launches, it can give early warning signals to the HQ. The hypersonic missile is one of the most critical things in modern warfare. If the large-sized Intercontinental ballistic missile, ICBM, launches the hypersonic missile. The flight trajectory would be a high-parabolic. 

A winged V-2 /A-4b) rocket is the atmospheric missile’s stem form. The wing’s idea was to give that primitive missile the external range. That missile had the purpose to bomb New York, but its test flights began in spring 1945. Some of them could fly in White Sands, USA, after WWII. 

The missile transports the hypersonic system to a high trajectory, and then the hypersonic missile dives back to the atmosphere and launches its ramjet or scramjet engine. The trajectory makes the hypersonic missile launch quite hard to detect. The launch may seem like a rocket failure. That means hypersonic missiles are tools that are hard for defense.  That’s why those early warning and defense systems require updating. 

There is a possibility that giant ICBM missiles like “Sarmats” can transport those hypersonic missiles to their targets. The system can be based on the technology used in “Brahmos” missiles. The hypersonic missile can replace the upper stage, or stages, in an ICBM. Another version of the hypersonic missiles is the so-called atmospheric missiles. The atmospheric missile is a hypersonic missile. That uses a regular rocket engine to give speed. The missile can have wings and a steering wing. This changes the symmetry in the rocket engine’s exhaust gas. Which turns the missile. The atmospheric missile can have a selectable flight profile. That system can fly like a normal missile. But it can have an atmospheric flight profile. 

http://www.astronautix.com/a/a-4b.html

https://interestingengineering.com/military/drone-boeing-747-sized-wingspan-flies

https://interestingengineering.com/photo-story/us-military-validates-all-electric-drone

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AeroVironment_Helios_Prototype

New self-assembly nanotubes turn the impossible possible.

New self-assembly nanotubes turn the impossible possible. 

"The crystal structure of a carbon bilayer. The purple outer layer and blue inner layer each have a similar arrangement of carbon atoms but are rotated relative to each other by just a few degrees. Credit: © 2021 Isobe et al." (ScitechDaily, Moiré Than Meets the Eye: Carbon Nanotubes Self-Assemble Into Complex Structures for Materials Research)

The Moiré pattern allows nanotubes to undergo a self-assembly process. Self-assembling nanostructures are a fundamental thing in nanoscale systems. That makes it possible to create extremely long nanotubes. Those nanotubes can be the fundamental materials in lightweight and strong structures, from extremely tall buildings to very strong aviation materials. 

Nanoscale technology means that. The structure is planned and created at the atomic level. The nanoscale structures are like LEGOs, and they can form larger structures. Nanotube technology makes it possible. To create lightweight and strong structures. In nanotube-based nanostructures, the nanotube bundle is bound together using a graphene layer. That makes the structure strong and lightweight. Those nanotube structures make it possible to create very tall buildings. 

The nanotube structure that graphene binds together. 

Artist’s impression of a space elevator

"A space elevator is conceived as a cable fixed to the equator and reaching into space. A counterweight at the upper end keeps the center of mass well above geostationary orbit level. This produces enough upward centrifugal force from Earth's rotation to fully counter the downward gravity, keeping the cable upright and taut. Climbers carry cargo up and down the cable." (Wikipedia, Space elevator)

Artist’s impression of Ceres space elevator.( Wikipedia commons)

The space sling is one of the versions of the centrifugal launch systems. Or spin launchers. The idea is similar to space elevators. That benefits Earth's rotation. For transport satellites to the orbiter or even to the solar system. The idea is that the probe is connected to a satellite using a very long cable. On the other side is the counterbalance. When the system launches a satellite, the space sling slings that cable.  Where the probe is connected like a sling. When the satellite is separated, the system must also separate the counterbalance that is on the other cable. Or it must roll that cable inside. 

When we think about mega-projects like space elevators, we always think about the mast-shaped structure. That some kind of asteroid keeps up. By benefiting from the centripetal force. The structure can also involve a pressure statue. If the system allows the airflow inside that tower. The air pressure pushes it up. And pressure keeps it in its form. 

 Another way to make that tower is to use the same technology. Used in the Burj Khalifa tower in Dubai. The building requires a large area base, which could be hundreds of kilometers. If the building’s area is large enough, it can be so high that it can reach even the edge of space. The building could be the mega-pyramid that has ever been seen before. 

And anyway, if we think about a kilometer-high launch tower, the rocket will launch through the low-pressure channel, which can save fuel. The rocket will be put in a launch position in the launch tube. Then the hatch at the top of the channel will open. And low pressure pulls the rocket through that channel. But those things are future visions. About systems that can revolutionize space technology. 

https://scitechdaily.com/moire-than-meets-the-eye-carbon-nanotubes-self-assemble-into-complex-structures-for-materials-research/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_elevator

The key to innovations is positive thinking.

 The key to innovations is positive thinking. 

Above: Burj Khalifa

Yesterday, people celebrated new things. They kept parades for new bridges. They proudly claimed that they built the tallest building on Earth. They made new types of engines. And developed new ideas. For science and technology. In 1950, people believed that we would fly using some kind of flying saucers, and every person had their own nuclear reactor in their yard. And they would have flying cars, etc. There were visions that took people to the Moon. 

Without visions and innovations, we cannot make products for our companies. If we want to make people come to our cities. There must be something that makes our cities interesting. The famous buildings. Like Burj Khalifa in Dubai. Call tourists. And locals think. That tourists leave money in their country. There is a proverb in Dubai. Money is like sand in tourists' hands. And a little bit of it always falls to the banks of the United Arab Emirates. 

The net formed a new way of communication. Those visions brought new ways to communicate. And they brought us new medicines. And many other things. Things like the internet were the biggest advances in history. That made new types of AI possible. The AI is the tool. That makes it possible to create new materials and tools. We are part of the networks. And networks are connecting people together. 

Above: Jeddah Tower

"The Line is a planned city in Saudi Arabia, designed to be a 170 km long, 200 meters wide, and 500 meters high string of skyscrapers with a population density ten times that of Manhattan. However, researchers from the Complexity Science Hub argue that its linear design is inefficient, hindering active mobility and necessitating a high-speed rail system that would still result in longer commutes than in other major cities. Credit: Neom" (ScitechDaily, Saudi Arabia’s “The Line”: Urban Marvel or Nightmare?)

When we think about networking. And working on the internet, we might ask: Why are we members of the networks? Why do species make networks? They share their genetic inheritance. When people make networks. We make them for sharing. And getting new ideas. Those new ideas are things that we can mix with the information that we already have. The networks are thing that gives new ideas to people. 

But if we want to get new innovations. We should think of them. As positive things. If we just find negative things. About those projects, we would not have any innovations. There is a possibility that with a sceptical attitude. We just continue. Using old methods and old tools, and leaving all Burj Khalifas at the theoretical level. That means that somebody will build that thing anyway. The idea of using Burj Khalifa as a marketing tool is this. When people ask, “What is the tallest building on Earth?”. The system gives the name of the building and location. 

Then there are images of Burj Khalifa. The UAE leaders believe that at least 10% of the people who see those images ask, “Would we spend our next holiday in Dubai”? If there are a billion people and 10% will discuss that thing, that means 100 million people will talk about that place to spend their holiday. And if ten percent of those people want to buy their holiday. And spend that in Dubai. It means. One million  visitors will come to see Burj Khalifa. If all of them leave 5 euros, in that building. That brings 5 million Euros in that building’s cash. And of course, those people bring something to other places in Dubai. 

But there is another way to make innovations. And business. That thing is to shame innovations. If the company doesn’t bring something new and interesting to the forefront of people's minds. That means somebody else brings. 

The Burj Khalifa, 828 m, is still the tallest building. However, Saudi Arabia published plans to create a 1000-meter-wide building. Jeddah Tower in Saudi-Arabia will rise to a kilometer.  It will be the tallest building on Earth when it's ready. Another thing that Saudi-Arabia plans is “The Line”. A 170-kilometer-long and 500-meter-high building. The last one will be the city in one house. That structure is feared to cause problems with birds. The Line is also suspected to be used to keep people under control. 

These extremely large houses will also come. To Northern Europe. Those houses can be the next generation living environment, where people will live and work. And have their free time. In the same buildings. When we think about this kind of solution. It would be cheap and effective. At the same time, people lose their last contact with nature. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Khalifa

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeddah_Tower

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Line,_Saudi_Arabia

The Beyraktar drone makes its comeback.

 The Beyraktar drone makes its comeback. 

Above: “ A Ukrainian TB2 drone armed with precision-guided weapons.” (Eurasian Times)

At the beginning of the Ukrainian war, the Beyraktar drone was the key element in the defense. Then, Russian electronic warfare systems made that drone unable to operate, but the Beyraktar TB-2 may be back in business. The question is this: Are those Beyraktars the same that operated during the early Russian attack? There is a possibility that those drones are updated. The Beyraktar-type drones are large, and they can carry sub-drones or independent, AI-controlled kamikaze drones. 

Or those Beyraktars can have an improved ability to cooperate with drone swarms and track missile sites. And especially sites that operate fiber drones. Or maybe their mission is to search Russian ECM stations and destroy them. Those drones can also operate. In maritime patrol duties. Recently, a Beyraktar drone sank a vessel in Black Sea. 

There is a possibility that those large-sized drones can also operate as decoys or larger kamikaze drones. The purpose of those drones is to make the Russians attack it. The larger-sized drones can carry larger. And more powerful computers than small-sized drones. When we think about Beyraktars, there is a possibility that there are also jet-powered versions of that drone. Another possibility is that the larger drone will carry Beyraktar to a strike distance from the target. The Beyraktar is a system that can carry an AI-based image recognition and attack system. 

The carrier vehicle can carry that drone deep into the Russian airspace. The AI-based system. Makes it possible to select. And attack targets independently. Those drones will not need radio communication. Or GPS. They can use optical digital scene-matching area correlation. Those are terrain contour-matching systems, boosted with aided inertial navigation systems, TERCOM/TAINS, which make those systems independent. from the GPS. The system uses the landmarks and inertial to navigate to the target. 

A radioisotope thermoelectric generator, RTG, gives unlimited operational time for drones. 

And then the system can drop parasite drones near the target, and Beyraktar can make a kamikaze mission against those targets. These kinds of systems are possible. The reason why. There are so many “maybes” in this text. Is this. There must be some kind of reason. Why Ukrainians return to that old system for operational use. There is a possibility that this kind of drone also has unlimited operational capacity. 

Those drones can use electric engines and a radioisotope thermoelectric generator, RTG. The RTG gives electricity to the systems. And those systems can operate for a very long time. The Voyager space probe uses the RTG generator. Which has delivered electricity for almost 50 years. That means a propeller or blower using a drone can operate for almost unlimited time. The blower gives  a higher speed for the drone. And that kind of stealth drone can be almost invisible. Those drones. Will not leave infrared marking, and their small size helps them survive. 

https://www.eurasiantimes.com/bayraktar-tb2-drone-made-a-comeback-in-ukraine/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FP-5_Flamingo

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioisotope_thermoelectric_generator

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TERCOM

Why is it hard to impose sanctions on Russia?

 Why is it hard to impose sanctions on Russia? 

We always wonder why Trump hesitates to impose sanctions against Russia. The reason for that is extremely complicated. We know that the Russian government has large-scale nuclear weapons that they use as blackmail tools. That is an easy explanation. There is also another problem with Russia, and that problem is China. China is the biggest producer of rare earth metals. In the world. Even if the USA is one of the most powerful and advanced countries in the world. That country is bound in the international, global-scale raw material network. 

And that thing puts the brakes on the U.S. government. The USA has been the most advanced microchip maker on this planet. But the problem is that. This country requires many strategic metals and minerals that are used to make microchips and other technical equipment. This means that if China does not deliver those minerals, the USA’s ability to produce microchips decreases. Another problem is things like oil. Many oil producers in the Middle East are BRICS countries. Those countries want to see Putin as their ally. The reason for that is that those nations are non-democratic, and the activist movement wants to limit weapon sales to those countries. 

Those people know that Putin is not as sharp as Western actors who use those weapons. And Putin can sell things like nuclear weapons technology to those countries whose main source of income is minerals, and especially the oil and gas industry. The U.S military requires oil and gas for its global operations. The nuclear bomber can operate on a global scale using airborne refueling. But the support operators.  Like special forces teams. Need petroleum for their equipment, in case the nuclear bomber must make an emergency landing. Those operators also require a base in the Middle East where they can operate. In those situations. 

Another problem is that Putin thinks that he can try to buy politicians and other people to support his propaganda. People know. That Putin and his regime are willing to make sacrifices to stay in control.  The fact is that those sacrifices don’t touch Putin’s nomenclature. And that is the thing that is a big problem. Another thing is that nobody knows how big a sacrifice Putin is willing to make. Putin is the man who is in command. But he is not the entire regime. There are people in Russia who support his policy. That means changing the leader might not mean that war ends or anything changes in Russia. 

There is a certain cycle. When we think about the freedoms in the Soviet Union and Russia. There are always thaws when new, young leaders take their position. But when leaders turn old. The secret police will start to tighten its grip on society. That means arresting and sending to the GULAG. When the leaders change, the people who served those leaders turn into criminals. In one night. After Stalin’s death, his loyal servants like Beriya and many other people went to prison and were executed. That was the second purge. Those purges followed all other soviet leaders. And they still continued. The idea is that people who served the old regime are useless. And the new leader collects a new regime around him. 

The thing is that the secret police controls the entire society in Russia. If leaders are not pleasing the secret police organization. That person faces a heart attack. As long as the secret police exists, there cannot be big changes in the Russian government. The secret police surrounds all Russian leaders as it surrounded Stalin, Lenin, and the Tsar. That organization is like a state in a state. And those people don’t hesitate to use violence. It is almost certain that the secret police killed the ex. Chairman of the KGB, Yuri Andropov. because the leader of the Communist Party, or literally the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, wanted to limit the secret police’s power. The KGB probably used salt injection for that case because Andropov’s kidneys were damaged, and that caused death. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Security_Service

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclature

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Andropov

Chinese highly automated dark factories.

   Chinese highly automated dark factories. 

Chinese dark factories are so highly automated that they don’t even need light. This is the future of manufacturing. Robots working in complete darkness. Those systems are controlled by the AI. And that makes the assembly process very effective. Human-shaped robots can make almost everything that humans can. 

An advanced machine learning toolkit allows operators. To teach machines new things. very effectively. The system needs only one robot. That can make something, and then that system can scale that new skill over the entire network. That makes robots very effective workers. And maybe those ghost factories are starting to operate in Western cities. Robot factories are interesting. Especially if human-shaped robots work in that factory. 

That is the thing. That makes the AI dangerous. The ability to teach one robot and then scale that thing to all robots makes it possible to teach robot armies very effectively. The same human-shaped robot that can make cars. It can act as a robot soldier. That is one thing that we must realize. The second thing is that kinds of highly automated systems can also make other products than cars. The new stealth systems require ultimate secrecy. And the robot workers are a solution to that problem. 

The robot worker doesn’t call the newspaper. If it makes something that is not public. Another thing is that the robot worker can change its role by pressing a button. Flexible CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design/ Computer Aided Manufacturing) platforms that turn the CAD drawings straight to the product. Mean that the system can change the product in minutes. The factory involves 3D printers and machine workers. Those systems can make everything. They have instructions and raw materials. Those factories can make cars, aircraft, and other robots. 

That kind of thing can make many things more effectively than humans. That means those systems are the ultimate competitors for Western factories. They can make products without brakes. And that makes them ultimate operators in the military and civil sectors. The Chinese government, like all other actors, might be interested about the robot factory as a military robot producer. There is a possibility that robot factories are installed on ships. and they can build customized robots or other robot factories if they have enough raw materials. Or the ability to search for raw materials from nature. 

Quantum microchips and photonic interactions.

"Artistic representation of metasurface quantum graphs. Credit: Joshua Mornhinweg" (ScitechDaily, Harvard Just Collapsed a Quantum Computer Onto a Chip)

Harvard scientists built a quantum computer on a chip. And that drives advances to the room- or table-sized quantum computers and quantum networks. This kind of system can also make the quantum internet, at least in the short range, possible. But long-distance wireless quantum communication requires new tools like photonics. Some researchers say that the future is in photonic microchips. That means the light acts as a data transporter. Those systems will use less energy than electric microchips.  But that thing requires new systems like optical gates. Today, researchers can make photonic microchips, but those systems are large-scale, and their mirrors and light cutters require AI-based systems that can control those light-based components. 

The main problem is how to make effective photonic versions of the electric components. And especially the photonic gates and switches are hard to make. The reason for that is that leaders will heat the physical iris. And controlling that system is not as effective as it should be. Data travels differently in those microchips. Theoretically, the system can use two frequencies or colors. The green can be one, and red can be zero. The system inputs serial numbers to those photonic bits so that the system can sort them into the right order. But the control system is very complicated. 

"Light can scatter off light, revealing ghostly particles and clues to cracking the universe’s fundamental laws. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Light Versus Light: The Secret Physics Battle That Could Rewrite the Rules)

Photonic interactions can solve many problems in quantum networks. If we think of a system that shoots a thin light wave or light quantum through the photon, that system can make the new quantum internet possible. The system downloads data to the particle from the photon, and then that data travels to that wave. For working perfectly, that system requires very accurate ways to control photons and their interactions. The photonic systems that are in the photonic interactions, where light scatters light to make possible things like optical gates. The photonic gate means a system where another lightwave or photon cuts the route of the lightwave. The system can also adjust the energy level of the light wave or adjust the lightwave’s wavelength. 

The photonic system that scatters light allows the cone that protects microchips and sensitive components against outgoing radiation. That system makes lightwaves travel past the layer. It would deny electromagnetic waves from reaching the shell of the system. The photonic interaction or scattering effect can make it possible to create new types of stealth systems. The idea is that the light or photons form a needle that scatters lightwaves past the object. If that scattered light can aim electromagnetic radiation to reach and reflect from the surface or aims reflection out from the observer, that thing makes the object itself invisible. There can be standing waves at the crossing point of the scattered waves. So the observer would see the lights in those points. 

https://scitechdaily.com/harvard-just-collapsed-a-quantum-computer-onto-a-chip/

https://scitechdaily.com/light-versus-light-the-secret-physics-battle-that-could-rewrite-the-rules/

What would you do with a pocket-sized spectrometer?

"A tiny, fast, and powerful light analyzer could soon bring lab-grade spectroscopy to your pocket. Credit: Shutterstock" (ScitechDaily, This Tiny Device Could Turn Your Phone Into a Lab-Grade Spectrometer)

"A team of engineers has unveiled a revolutionary mini-spectrometer that can fit on a fingertip and operate with low voltage, scanning light from UV to near-infrared in under a millisecond. "(ScitechDaily, This Tiny Device Could Turn Your Phone Into a Lab-Grade Spectrometer)

"This game-changing device replaces bulky traditional spectrometers and could soon be embedded in smartphones, unlocking powerful tools for material analysis, biomedical diagnostics, and more—right in your pocket. Its tiny photodetector shifts light sensitivity with simple voltage changes, offering speed and precision in a package smaller than a pixel." (ScitechDaily, This Tiny Device Could Turn Your Phone Into a Lab-Grade Spectrometer)

The new device transforms a normal cell phone into a lab-grade spectrometer. That kind of tool can be useful in many situations. Spectrometers can search for air pollution, pollution from water, poisonous substances, etc. People like crime-scene investigators, house inspectors, military personnel, and all interested people can use those systems for searching for chemical compounds. 

A spectrometer is a multi-use tool. It can search all types of chemical compounds. People who work in a crisis environment can search for things like nerve gases in the air using spectrometers. A pocket-sized spectrometer can give a warning about a chemical weapon. And that gives time to begin the counteractions. 

"Researchers have successfully demonstrated a spectrometer that is orders of magnitude smaller than current technologies and can accurately measure wavelengths of light from ultraviolet to the near-infrared. The technology makes it possible to create hand-held spectroscopy devices and holds promise for the development of devices that incorporate an array of the new sensors to serve as next-generation imaging spectrometers. This photo shows a series of prototype organic photodetector-based spectrometer cells. Each metal bar is a detector capable of measuring light spectra. Credit: Brendan O’Connor, NC State University" (ScitechDaily, This Tiny Device Could Turn Your Phone Into a Lab-Grade Spectrometer)

The spectrometer that cooperates with AI assistants can tell about things like harmful chemicals. And that tool can be useful in everyday life, scientific, leisure, and military worlds. The system that can search for poisonous chemicals can make our holidays successful. That kind of system can tell if we can drink some water or if some kind of food is contaminated. The thing that makes us sick is often chemicals that bacteria create in their metabolism.

The system can search for things like botulinum in meat or other toxic chemicals. If we connect a spectrometer to a telescope, that thing can tell us about the chemical environment of some other planet or distant houses. The system can also connect with microscopes that give the possibility to see chemical reactions in very small objects like cells. 

Pocket-sized spectrometers that can tell about chemical mixtures can revolutionize laboratory work and chemistry learning. Those things are useful in all cases where people want to see what some chemical compounds involve. Those things can tell how well an engine burns fuel. Or how clean water is. That kind of information can save lives. 

https://scitechdaily.com/this-tiny-device-could-turn-your-phone-into-a-lab-grade-spectrometer/

ESA's new Invictus space plane could be operational in 2031.

ESA's new space plane “Invictus” is one of the next-generation tools for civil and military space missions. The Invictus looks like the Skylon space plane that BAE recently cancelled. The Invictus could be based on technology that was created for Skylon, but the aircraft will have a more capable team working with it. The European Space Agency (ESA) plans to get Invictus airborne and operational at least in 2031. When we think about the Invictus’s role in space missions, we must first look at the cases where the Cold War-era F-4 Phantoms are planned to be used as satellite cargo missions. Those quite fast fighters will climb as high as they can and then launch miniature satellites into orbit. 

The Invictus can also raise similar satellite carriers to the edge of the atmosphere. And then they can launch those satellites far higher than the F-4 or F-15 Eagle. There have been plans to connect auxiliary rocket packs to the F-4 or F-15 that allow them to jump higher before they release the satellite. 

 The Invictus can have rocket-ramjet or more conventional rocket turbojet hybrid systems. The idea in rocket ramjets is that the ramjet engine raises the space plane to the edge of the atmosphere. Then the iris closes the engine face. And then the engine starts to use an internal oxygen source. In rocket turbojets, the system uses normal turbojet engines in atmospheric flight. 

"A US Vought ASM-135 ASAT missile launch on 13 September 1985, which destroyed P78-1" (Wikipedia, Anti-satellite weapon)

Then the system closes the face of the afterburner, and then that system turns the afterburner into a normal rocket. In the simplest engine solution, the aircraft uses turbojets in the atmosphere. When the flight altitude turns high enough, the system turns to use separated rocket engines. The iris at the front of the turbojet is required because the airflow can damage turbine wings. But if developers can install those orbital rocket engines with some other engine type that decreases the weight of the system. 

The staged system, where the aircraft can operate first with turbojets and then turn to ramjet and finally to scramjet, allows it to fly in the atmosphere at a higher speed using atmospheric oxygen. When that space plane jumps out from the atmosphere, it turns to use rocket mode in ramjet engines. 

There is also an idea about high-altitude airships (HAA), or High Altitude platform stations (HAPS), as the satellite launchers. Those airships can rise to altitudes of about 30 kilometers. They can launch bigger satellite carriers than jet fighters. Those platforms can be airships, balloons, or solar-powered aircraft. HAPS can also use things like internal fuel cells. The HAPS can carry a satellite launcher to high altitude and launch it there. 

The idea of aircraft-based satellite launchers is taken from the U.S. military ASAT, Anti-satellite weapon. The F-15 raises that weapon to the highest point of ballistic trajectory and then that system launches the satellite-killer missile. 

The thing in the satellite launchers is that the same systems can also transport anti-satellite (ASAT) systems to orbiters. Satellites are playing a bigger and bigger role in the modern military. Satellites offer reconnaissance information about enemy movements. And there are also killer satellites in space. ASAT systems can take those killer satellites out. So in that case, they play a counterweapon role. But of course, targeting satellites and military communication satellites are good targets for ASAT weapons. 

So, that means anti-satellite weapons will become more important than ever before. The ASAT weapons can also become more vital than ever before because of suspected fractional orbital bombardment systems (FOBS) or EMP weapons that the enemy launches at orbital trajectory. The ASAT system can eliminate those threats. 

https://www.rudebaguette.com/en/2025/07/theyre-back-from-the-dead-cold-war-f-4-phantoms-revived-to-launch-satellites-and-experts-warn-this-is-military-space-2-0/

https://www.space.com/space-exploration/launches-spacecraft/europe-working-to-launch-invictus-hypersonic-space-plane-by-2031-video

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-satellite_weapon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-altitude_platform_station

The dark forest theory.

Can aliens exist? Is it possible that aliens see us, but they don’t make contact? And why don't they want to contact us? The answer can be that, as we don’t know anything about aliens, they will not know anything about us. There is a possibility that the call signal in the universe is a trap. Just like if we walk in a dark forest and hear somebody calling. We cannot be sure if that call was just meant to make contact. Or, if it is a trap. If alien culture exists, that would not be the same as our culture. Even if we see a signal. We might not have the chance to break the message. Making contact with alien civilization is not like calling using cell phones. 

When we see a message come to our cell phones. We know immediately. That humans sent that message. And we know that it's the message. But if we see an alien message, the situation is more complicated. First, we must be sure that there is a message. First, the message is the radio signal that arrives at some radio telescope. That message will be one of the thousands or even millions. 

Or billions of radio signals that the telescope receives during that day. The system must separate those synthetic signals from the natural radio sources like pulsars, quasars, or fast radio bursts. Then we must try to find the code that opens the message. And then we must realize that we might not like that message. But when we think about detection and the separation process, their system filters messages from natural radio signals; there is a possibility that this system removes the synthetic signal. Because it thinks that it's from Earth. Or it thinks that the signal is the receiver's error. 

The base of the dark forest theory or hypothesis is that all civilizations are hostile. And they just wait for the right moment to attack. 

"The universe is a dark forest. Every civilization is an armed hunter stalking through the trees like a ghost, gently pushing aside branches that block the path and trying to tread without sound. Even breathing is done with care. The hunter has to be careful, because everywhere in the forest are stealthy hunters like him. If he finds another life—another hunter, angel, or a demon, a delicate infant to tottering old man, a fairy or demigod—there’s only one thing he can do: open fire and eliminate them." (Big Think, Dark Forest theory: A terrifying explanation of why we haven’t heard from aliens yet)

Then we must realize that if we make that thing, it certainly is the military action against those aliens. And if they are powerful and advanced, they might take revenge. Just this thing would be similar to things that started colonialism. Natives attacked Europeans because they established their irrigation on native lands. Because Europeans were hurt, they sent troops to take revenge. The military superiority gave Europeans the ability to conquer their colonies. In the same way. If we attack aliens, they might try to avenge us. 

Dark forest theory is one of the darkest theories that tries to explain why we aren't able to make contact with other civilizations. The model is taken from the dark forest where we travel alone. We can yell and call other people, but even if somebody answers, that doesn’t mean that the person who answers means good. The forests are full of animals and humans, but they are not always good-willed. 

We can think that there are cities full of kind people, but those people are kind because they are under observation. In the same way, we must realize that some people who live in forests are probably not as well under surveillance as we might think. The thing that makes people commit crimes is that they believe nobody sees their crimes. 

The thing in the dark forest model is that the space is the forest. The civilization that lives on a certain planet is the community that lives in cities. And those members of the hypothetical alien civilizations who live in their research centers and other outposts like colonies are members who live in dark forests. They might not have the ability to communicate with their home planets very often. And that means those colonies might start to live their own life. 

When we think about that hypothetical civilization and compare it with things like conquistadors and great voyages, we must realize that the first colonists returned home. But then those colonies turned more and more independent. The first voyagers returned home. Then they left for colonies forever. Those people never return. And that path made the colonies turn independent. 

And in space, the scale is far bigger than on the great sails and voyages. And then some of those colonies rise more powerful than the nation that created them. So, if we think that the alien colonies or colonies that the human race will someday establish are separating from the home planet. That means those colonies become alien to their establishments. They might turn more powerful than the planet that created them. 

The thing is that. As in a dark forest, in the universe. There are actors who wait for the right moment to find a helpless civilization or some other colony. Those creatures can attack and conquer the helpless planet anytime they see something that cannot resist. If we yell and try to make contact, we actually don’t know what we face. In the worst case, friendly discussion with aliens is meant as a trap. 

And we must not forget that. We don’t know if aliens will try to contact us in our lifetime. But we must realize that there is always the possibility that another species tries to conquer our planet. One of the reasons for that can be that those hypothetical aliens can think of us as competitors. Or maybe they are cosmic outlaws who want to set up an accident. The dark forest hypothesis means that aliens exist, but they don’t want to contact us. 

https://bigthink.com/surprising-science/the-dark-forest-theory-a-terrifying-explanation-of-why-we-havent-heard-from-aliens-yet/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_forest_hypothesis

Can Sci-fi weapons: nanomachines and sophons be a reality someday?

 

The grey fog is one of the superweapons that are so horrifying that we cannot even imagine them. That grey fog can erase entire planets. Nanomachines are the new tools. They can be the ultimate Swiss blade for everything. Theoretically, nanomachines can erase any molecule that they face. Those small molecular machines must only create the wave movement and resonance that cut the chemical bonds between atoms. The miniature machine can simply send an electromagnetic impulse to the chemical bond in a targeted molecule. And that energy can push atoms away from each other. This kind of system can have multiple civil and military applications. 

The nanomachine that can terminate forever molecules can be the most wanted thing in the world. But that same technology is also capable of creating the terrifying “grey fog” that terminates everything that we know. The main problem with nanomachines is their movement. The surface active agents, or surfactants are the things that can solve the nanomachine movement problem. If the nanomachine has two surfactant molecules that the system can turn on when it gets a command. That makes it possible to move the nanomachine. Surfactants have two heads, one is hydrophobic and one is hydrophilic.

If the hydrophobic head is in the direction where nanomachines should move and the hydrophilic head is at the tail of the nanomachine. That makes the nanomachine move in the desired direction underwater. The hydrophobic head that can be connected with water droplets can also make the nanomachine hover and travel to wanted direction in the air. When the water droplet surrounds the nanomachine and then the hydrophobic- or water-repelling heads are turned to that water. That thing can cause an explosion. And the pressure wave can help to raise the machine up. The small nanomachine that can control that thing can make it possible to use that thing for controlled flight. 

The other version is that they use some. more exotic propulsion systems, like theoretical systems that can change the shape of the quantum fields near the nanomachines. Those systems can make the machine hover and travel at very high speeds. 

Those nanomachines can be connected with the von Neumann probes. The term Von Neumann probe means self-replicating machines.  Those systems can include miniature factories that create copies of those machines. The nanofactory can be very small. And they can create copies of themselves and create those molecular machines. Those machines and factories can be DNA-controlled. 

The sophon is introduced in the sci-fi novel 3-Body Problem. The sophon is a proton-sized quantum computer that can control humans and steal their imaginations and thoughts. The model of sophon is in the real quantum models where the proton, or quarks that form this hadron will be put into the superposition and entanglement. This kind of quantum computer is very unstable. There are models made of what those sophons can be. And one of them is that the sophon could be the group of photons that are trapped around the quantum-size black hole. The other version could be the quantum-size grey hole. 

The system creates those things by pressing some particles like protons with antimatter implosion. The ball-shaped antimatter-matter ball will be exploded around the proton. That thing can be the fullerene that acts like an implosion bomb. And then photons will be put around that extremely dense object. And the system will transport data into them. 

But there is another way to make the theoretical sophons. That is the DNA-based quantum computer. The system can be an artificial bacteria or an artificial amoeba that is injected into the target’s blood. There, genetically engineered amoebae can travel to the human brain. Then that thing will steal the electric impulses or make copies of the neurotransmitters in that thing. 

When the artificial amoeba or biorobot is ready it calls the genetically engineered mosquito to pull it out from the blood vessels. 

The artificial mosquito can use certain chemical marks, antibodies to call the artificial amoeba to it. And that amoeba can also send neurotransmitters to neurons around it. The system mimics the natural parasites. But their purpose is different. Their mission is to paralyze and steal information from the targeted person's nervous system and even control that person. 

Then that mosquito travels to the laboratory. And there are many ways that that thing can transmit data to the computer. The mosquito can split that amoeba on the research table. Then the amoeba starts to blink the bioluminescence light and using that light the biorobot can transmit information that it got to a photovoltaic cell. The amoeba can also reprogram the mosquito and make it communicate with computers. The artificial amoeba-mosquito couple can be the ultimate tool for intelligence and other systems. 

China and Russia boost hypersonic technology.

"Illustration of the Feitian 2 hypersonic vehicle demonstrating advanced flight capabilities. Image generated by AI." (Rude Baquette, “China Just Went Hypersonic”: Feitian 2 Test Stuns the World With Blistering Speeds That Could Redefine Global Airpower)

The Chinese hypersonic jet makes a great advance in flight and it will revolutionize commercial- and military operations. The Feitian 2 drone is a great advance for hypersonic missiles and aviation technology. That drone launched from a spaceport using a regular rocket and that system gives more information about how to solve problems that the hypersonic systems face when they travel across the atmosphere. Those systems are ultimate tools for use against ships and hardened targets. The Mach 10 capable missile that flies at quite a low altitude is a hard target for defense. Those systems can use stealth technology and those smooth shapes that the hypersonic systems need are suitable for stealth systems. 

The hypersonic cruise missile can jump out of the atmosphere and then dive back. That allows them to ignite scramjet engines. If those hypersonic missiles are quite small, they can be installed on the ballistic missile along with regular warheads. So in that kind of system, the hypersonic missile can strike with regular warheads. The thing is that the hypersonic systems can also use regular rocket engines. The thing that makes them dangerous is this. They create very strong pressure cones. And that cone can also cause damage. The kinetic energy system doesn’t require a warhead at all. When a 1000 kg vehicle hits a target with speed Mach 10 it causes a very strong impact. 

"Illustration of the Oreshnik hypersonic missile, a key element in Russia's military strategy. Image generated by AI."(Rude Baquette, Illustration of the Oreshnik hypersonic missile, a key element in Russia's military strategy. Image generated by AI)

The real strike capacity of the Oreshnik missile depends on the warheads. If those warheads are designed to act as hypersonic gliders, HGS or that system carries scramjet-driven cruise missiles that can be very powerful weapons. Those HGS systems can look a little bit like spearheads. And that gives them the smooth flight profile that allows those systems to strike with variable angles. 

For comparison, the GAU-8 Avenger cannon’s uranium ammunition hits targets with a speed of Mach 1,5 and that is enough to destroy the main battle tank. So what if the Mach 10 drone is equipped with GAU-8? The normal muzzle velocity for that ammunition is 1,013 m/s. And the aircraft's speed increases at the same rate as the aircraft travels.  When that ammunition takes Mach 10 speed with it that rises the muzzle velocity to a level that is many times higher than if it is connected to an aircraft that travels at 600 km/h That thing gives extremely powerful impact energy to that ammunition. So what happens if Mach 10 aircraft open fire with GAU-8 against the city? 

The Russian researchers are working with a new Mach 10 missile called “Oreshnik”. The weapon is classified as an IRBM (Intermediate range ballistic missile. That thing makes them easier to install on mobile launchers than the strategic missiles. The missile itself finds targets independently. There is also the possibility of creating hypersonic cruise missiles or hypersonic gliders for the larger missiles. 

Those missiles can destroy ships and ground targets from a great distance. Strategic anti-ship missiles that can attack targets from thousands of kilometers are frightening tools. Those systems are following the Russian doctrine where political security is in the primary role. Hypersonic missiles that lay in silos or mobile launchers are always under the observation of the security troops. The long-range anti-ship missiles can threaten NATO surface battle units and convoys. Basically, the RS-28 (Sarmat) or older RS-36 (SS-18 “Satan”) can carry those missiles against the fleet and other targets like command centers. 

https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/news/russia-could-launch-another-hypersonic-missile-at-ukraine-soon-us-official-says/

https://www.rudebaguette.com/en/2025/06/china-just-went-hypersonic-feitian-2-test-stuns-the-world-with-blistering-speeds-that-could-redefine-global-airpower/

https://www.rudebaguette.com/en/2025/06/putin-orders-mach-10-missile-surge-russia-escalates-hypersonic-arsenal-with-terrifying-new-strike-capabilities-ready-for-deployment/

Researchers are trying to create new alternatives for rockets.

"Illustration of an imaginative artwork depicting satellites piled up like a stack of pancakes. Image generated by AI." (Sustainability-times, Unstoppable Satellite Barrage: US Firm’s Hypersonic Cannon Fires Pancake Probes Into Space, Prompting Urgent Chinese Response)

Space rockets are tested and good systems for launching satellites into orbiters. But there is one problem with rockets. They are so noisy. And they need lots of space around them. There are a couple of alternatives. Researchers are trying to develop to replace those noisy systems. The easiest to make are the blimps, high-altitude unmanned airships that rise small Pegasus-type rockets to the edge of space. 

Those rockets will launch into orbit from the 40-kilometer altitude. The unmanned robot airships can use hydrogen for hovering, and explosions will not be dangerous to humans on board. Those systems are quieter than the regular rockets. 

The other version is the hypersonic aircraft that makes the ballistic jump. The satellite will release at the top point of the trajectory. Or the aircraft can pull that satellite behind it in the hypersonic glider. And when that aircraft makes the ballistic movement the satellite follows it. And then the ballistic movement acts like a sling to that satellite. 

Centrifugal launchers or spin launchers are tools that can replace rockets.  In those systems, the spinning plate accelerates the satellite at a very high speed. The spinning plate should be very large so that it stands for the spinning speed. If there is some kind of error the centripetal force destroys the plate. There is a possibility of connecting the spin launchers with magnetic accelerators, which can be connected to the stratospheric tube. 

The orbital centrifuge cannon can look like this. The image was made with AI. 

The tube itself can be connected with quadcopters. And it can have a telescopic structure. That means the system can push the stratospheric together. When the system is in use those quadcopters and electric motors pull that tower in full length. When the spin plate accelerates at full speed the system will open a hatch. 

At the top of that thing. Then it opens a ventilator that brings air behind the satellite. The magnetic track and pressure along with the magnetic system pull the satellite through the tube. Those satellites will not be very large. They can be about 1-2 kg microsatellites. Those satellites are packed in the aerodynamic shield. 

There are many variants of spin launchers. The laser system. That shoots below the satellite. Can give extra thrust. The system needs four lasers around the exit tube that give a stable push for the satellite capsule.  

There are models where the system throws the satellite to the ballistic, or suborbital trajectory. Then the small space shuttle, or space hook. That is connected to the space station or heavier satellite pulls that satellite upward. The orbital system catches the satellite. And pulls it upwards.  

In some models, the robot airships can carry extremely long whips. The spin launcher is like the Kevlar or spider silk rope. The rope will spin at a high speed. The length of that whip can be even kilometers. In some plans, there is a space station between Earth and the moon. There the whip length is enormous. 100 or even 1000 kilometers throw the small probes around the solar system. 

The thing is that the centrifugal canons that are connected with magnetic accelerators can be used in long-range artillery. Those systems can launch ammunition over long distances. When we think about the orbital spin launchers those systems can look like helicopter rotors. They can pull themselves into a small size. Then the origami-style system puts its structure into the full size. The magnetic accelerators can be put in the tubes. That is in the middle of solar panels. Those "space windmills" can send metal ammunition against targets at a very high speed. 

https://www.sustainability-times.com/energy/unstoppable-satellite-barrage-us-firms-hypersonic-cannon-fires-pancake-probes-into-space-prompting-urgent-chinese-response/

The new way to communicate using light.

"Propagation of light pulses with intermodal dispersion in multimode fibers, MMF. Words are mapped to different frequencies (different colors), the optical pulses are stretched into different temporal dispersion curves. This allows for the identification of the pulse frequencies at the receiver, thereby enabling the reconstruction of the input words. Credit: Gao, Z., Jiang, T., Zhang, M. et al." (ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Taught Light to Transmit Meaning – And It’s Revolutionizing Communications)

There are many ways to make light-based communication systems. Normally, we think that the light flashes mean 0 and 1 in a laser communication system. But the 0 and 1 can be two different wavelengths. That means the flash of red can mean 1, and the flash of green can mean 0. This is a useful tool for binary data transmission. But there is one way to transmit data by using light that we don't usually mention. 

In that version, a single wavelength means a single word. The system must only give serial numbers for light- or radiation flashes. Then the receiver can put those flashes back into a certain order. That means red can mean "if", green can mean "and" etc. Researchers can also use radio waves in the same way as lasers. And the point of the CCD camera those people can put a radio spectral scanner. 

There are approximately 600000 words in English. Some people might think to use that kind of data transmission, the system requires 600000 wavelengths. The system can send those messages by blinking the colored lasers in the order that gives words to the receiver. If one color carries one word that makes the system immune to disturbance. 

"Experimental system. a, encoding: Each word is mapped to an optical frequency according to the encoding table. b, Schematic of the experimental setup. c, decoding: Recognize each dispersion curve as the corresponding frequency using the fingerprint dictionary, and then reconstruct the words based on the encoding table. d, implement sentiment analysis using a deep learning model. Credit: Gao, Z., Jiang, T., Zhang, M. et al." (ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Taught Light to Transmit Meaning – And It’s Revolutionizing Communications)

The problem is that. Language advances all the time. And the system requires very advanced and complicated transmitter-receiver pairs. But theoretically is possible to create a CCD camera that pixels can separate 600,000 frequencies. And, a transmitter can also have the ability to send 60000 separated frequencies. 

And that means the system must have flexibility. If the system uses the English alphabet. It needs only 52 frequencies for the letters. There are 26 capital and 26 lower cases. And other frequencies for numbers and special marks like brackets. Or the sender can use the words to send numbers. But that creates limitations in massages. 

The system can use red as "A" and the light flashes can involve data which place the certain letter takes in the words. That thing is hard to jam. 

So it's immune for the outcoming errors. But otherwise, it's easy to break. 

The system can also encode lots of words in one wavelength. There can be hundreds of words encrypted in certain colors. The system must only send the serial number of the word that the system sends. This kind of system is more complicated to break. That thing makes this thing more vulnerable to disturbance. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-just-taught-light-to-transmit-meaning-and-its-revolutionizing-communications/