How to make a moonbase?

The moonbase can involve cabin modules that have life support systems. The problem in the moonbase is radiation and micrometeorites. Also, solar wind or plasma flow from the sun can cause problems in the cabins. When high-energy plasma impacts the moonbase it causes radiation and electric pikes. And that's why there should be some kind of magnetic system like high-power electric magnets. That can pull that plasma away from the moon base. 

In many models, there can also be a liquid hydrogen layer between manned module and space. The liquid hydrogen layer that is between the sun and the crew can absorb radiation effectively. Below the hydrogen layer can be space that denies hydrogen flow into the manned module. The hydrogen shell can be like a vault or "Chernobyl" nuclear site's sarcophagus around the manned modules. That structure's purpose is to protect the crew against the cosmic radiation. 

But the moon concrete is the key element in the building site. Moon minerals involve iron and titanium. The centrifugal isolator can be used to separate elements from each other. But the moon concrete can be used to make the shield against micro- and larger meteorites. The moon base must have a laser or some other system to protect it against meteorites. 

Engineers use concrete to make things that they want in normal building sites. But when engineers want to make moon stations. They face many problems. And one of them is that normal concrete does not fit on the moon. Moon minerals are suitable for moon concrete. But the difference is that the system uses melted minerals. 

"NASA and international partners are exploring microwave sintering to build a lunar base using local materials like ilmenite, enhancing construction efficiency by leveraging the mineral’s unique properties for rapid heating." (ScitechDaily, From Science Fiction to Reality: How Scientists Plan To Build a Lunar Base)

The laser or microwave systems melt the moon dust. And then the system makes brick- or Lego-looking structures.  Then the builders will put those Lego particles in the right form, and then lasers or microwaves melt those bricks into one homogenous structure. The moon bricks are made using melted moon minerals. 

The problem is: where the system gets energy. Solar panels can give electricity to the microwave systems. And lasers can use sunlight as a power source. The thing is that if there is some mineral that can fold microwaves, that thing can make it possible to create a microwave lensing system to melt moondust. 

The 3D printers can create those moonbases. The melted moondust is the raw material for those 3D-printed structures. The system melts the moondust using lasers, electric arcs, or microwaves and then drives it through the nozzle. 

In some possible scenarios, the iron-based moon silicate will be put in the moon dust. Then the microwaves will conduct to that mixture. And iron minerals can help the system to absorb electromagnetic radiation. 

But the thing is that maybe the hybrid systems are the best in that business. Laser systems and giant optical parabolic mirrors can make it possible to melt moondust in the daytime. Then at nighttime, the system can use nuclear-powered microwave systems to make the lava, which the system can model to the structures for the moon base. 

https://3dprint.com/113205/esa-3d-printed-moon-base/

https://scitechdaily.com/from-science-fiction-to-reality-how-scientists-plan-to-build-a-lunar-base/

The Ukrainian attack drones are shown their power.

Ukrainian military used drones successfully against the Russian targets. The sea drones have shown their capacity to strike against the Russian navy.  Those attack drones are transformed jet scooters and fast boats equipped with warheads. Those systems are shown their power, and the thing is that those systems are a very big threat in the wrong hands. The small, fast boats equipped with heavy anti-tank weapons and internal warheads are hard to see. And they are quite hard targets to defenders.

Things like hydrofoils that travel in very low depth make it possible for those systems can come to target from unexpected directions. That thing makes those systems dangerous in the wrong hands. It's possible to transform almost any speedboat in the world into a killer drone. The naval bases' security must re-estimate. 

The hydrofoil technology can make, at least drone submarines more effective. 

Once I saw a diagram of a miniature submarine equipped with hydrofoils. The name for that concept was Sea Cigar (?), but I might be wrong. The Sea Cigar is the idea for a miniature submarine that can travel fast on the surface and underwater. The idea is that the Sea Cigar is a regular submarine that can travel underwater using propellers. But that submarine has the hydrofoils that allow it to rise above the surface. The craft can use a similar technology as Swedish Candela uses. 

But when the system needs to drive very fast. The drone submarine can use jet- or even rocket engines that give it an incredible speed. The idea is that this kind of system can travel near the target as submerged. But then it can select if it attacks the surface or submerged. The system is capable of traveling fast both submerged and surface. And that makes it even more capable than present drones.

https://www.economist.com/science-and-technology/2022/12/07/ukrainian-ingenuity-is-ushering-in-a-new-form-of-warfare-at-sea

The new cargo systems take their innovations from the hydrofoils and WIG technology.

Above Candela P-12, (Image: Candela)

The new "flying hydrofoils" like the Swedish "Candela" can rise high above waves. That technology allows for a decrease in energy use and pollution. Electric hydrofoils use so-called passive hydrofoil technology. There the speed of the craft raises the hull above the sea on the wings, which are similar used in aircraft. 

Interesting visions this kind of craft can also operate using air propellers or even jet engines. Jet engines give those hydrofoils incredible speed. Those flying hydrofoils of high-lifting hydrofoils can use even rocket engines to give power. And that makes them interesting and an alternative for many missions. 

However, there is a possibility to make a hybrid hydrofoil. That connects wing-in-ground WIG technology with regular aircraft and hydrofoils. The variable wing geometry (VWG) makes it possible to create wings that can turn under the aircraft. The aircraft can operate as a hydrofoil, WIG aircraft. And as regular, high-flying aircraft. In some plans, the aircraft pushes the hydrofoils from below them. The DARPA concepts are not so radical. But the Liberty Lifter is interesting. 

One thing that caused the failure of the "Caspian Sea Monster" was the noise. It's possible. The next-generation flying boats can use regular boat propellers to travel outside the harbor. And those systems can travel to the outer sea before they start their jet engines. If the craft can have the possibility to act as hydrofoil. It can use regular blowers to travel short distances. And that ability makes that kind of system possible to travel far enough that the jet engines will not disturb people. 

"Artist's concept of Aurora Flight Sciences' design" (Darpa.mil, Liberty Lifter)

The DARPA's new "Liberty Lifter" program is based on the Cold War-era Soviet WIG designs. Those flying boats use the WIG technology, but the difference between the famous "Caspian Sea Monster" is that the Liberty Lifter has longer wings. The Caspian Sea Monster's short wings limited its operations above the sea. The Liberty Lifter can operate as a regular aircraft and flying boat. As well as WIG aircraft. And maybe as a hydrofoil. When Liberty Lifter carries extremely heavy cargo it can use the WIG or hydofoil mode.  

"A rendering of a General Atomics' Liberty Lifter proposal (Wikipedia, Liberty Lifter)

Those things are next-generation tools for cargo, people transportation, and military purposes. Flying boats that use hydrogen can have internal electrolysis chambers. And that system can get electricity from any electric source. 

Large-scale flying boats can also operate from regular airfields. But amphibious mode makes it possible to operate from coastal areas even if there are no airfields. Those systems can operate in anti-ship, anti-submarine, and even in regular bombardment missions. That means they can carry the same weapon systems as some strategic bombers. So they can have the same nuclear strike capacity as B-52. And that makes those systems interesting. 

https://candela.com/

https://www.darpa.mil/program/liberty-lifter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspian_Sea_Monster

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_Lifter