Complicated cooperation between Broca's and Wernicke areas.

Image Wikipedia, Wernicke's area

Which brain area should we observe? If we want to make the Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)? Maybe the best point would be the neural tracks that transport information to the facial and throat muscles from the sensorimotor brain lobe. The problem is that observing this kind of structure requires an extremely high accuracy. The complete BCI requires deep knowledge of the brain activity and its internal and external communication. 

The key role in communication is in the Broca's and Wernicke areas. But what area should we observe, if we want to transmit thoughts to the computer? Natural selection is the brain lobe that produces speech. Transforming speech to text and driving it to the AI is simple. But if we want to take that text straight from the brain, we must realize that speech is a product of the cooperation of multiple different brain lobes. And that is the key problem that BCI sensor creators must solve. 

The Neuralink chip observes the Broca area. That is the responsibility to produce speech. I sometimes write that we should hear Wernicke lobe rather than Broca. The reason for that is the Wernicke area is the brain lobe that understands speech. The third part that is required is the senso motorial brain lobes, which give orders to the facial and throat muscles that produce words. 

The interaction between the Broca and Wernicke areas is bidirectional. In old models, the information travels from the Wernicke lobe to Broca. The Broca sends orders to neurons that control the muscles that produce speech. That is a simple model. But things like aphasia research give information. The Wernicke plays a bigger role in speech production than previously noticed. 

The data travels between those three points in a more complex model than previously thought. That means the Wernicke lobe may check that the speech that Broca's area creates is something. That somebody understands. When Broca's area creates speech, it interacts with two other brain segments and collects data for the speech from memory blocks. The reason why the Broca is silent when people speak is its role as an information sender to the sensorimotor brain lobe. 

Broca's area must wait for those neurons' feedback after it sends the information. When the sensorimotor brain lobe sends feedback. it sends information back to Broca that received information. That feedback tells the Broca's area can release axons for the next mission. And if  Broca's area sends something during that feedback. There is a possibility that the neuron in Broca's area sends information to sensorimotor neurons using the same axon track. And that can cause disorder. 

But then researchers noticed. That while a person speaks. The Broca is shut. And that makes it hard to create a system that follows only the Broca area and turns speech to text, linking it to the interface. That thing means that the most promising areas that this kind of system should follow are Wernicke or sensorimotor area. The key element is that the system should listen to areas that handle complete communication. 

https://www.economist.com/technology-quarterly/2022/09/22/what-does-a-brain-computer-interface-feel-like

https://lonestarneurology.net/blog/brocas-vs-wernickes-aphasia/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9058861/

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/02/150218101839.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain%E2%80%93computer_interface

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broca%27s_area

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensorimotor_network

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wernicke%27s_area

The new exoskeleton and rovers will revolutionize transportation.

The image above portrays the futuristic space suit. The artificial muscles and highly advanced technology make those systems extremely flexible. The system can use biologically cloned muscle cells. And highly advanced biological computers to control the suit. The claws on shoes can improve grip in difficult terrain. The intelligent brain-computer interface BCI systems communicate with those suits. The system can use cloned electric eel's cells to make electric  

The exoskeleton is a wearable robot, that can turn a human into a cyborg with extremely strong muscles. The exoskeleton allows that person to raise even a car from the ground. 

The exoskeletons can combined into space suits. That kind of AI-driven system can make it possible for a person to walk while sleeping. And that makes exoskeletons the basis for the new types of all-terrain suits. The exoskeletons are things. That makes it possible to create new types of transportation solutions.  

"Researchers have developed an AI-enhanced controller for exoskeletons that learns to support various movements such as walking and running without individual calibration. This system reduces energy expenditure significantly, making it a promising tool for enhancing human mobility efficiently." (ScitechDaily, AI and Exoskeletons Team Up to Transform Human Performance on Earth and in Space)

When researchers want to connect the exoskeleton with a space suit, that allows it to operate in highly radioactive places. Other places. Where heavy space suits can operate are deep-sea areas. And that can be the more powerful system in deep-sea operations. The problem with the so-called white space suit is their weight. And the exoskeleton can solve this problem. 

"Nagoya University’s new heat-switch device enables lunar rovers to efficiently manage extreme thermal conditions on the Moon, enhancing their operational lifespan and reducing energy use. Credit: Shinichiro Kinoshita, Masahito Nishikawara" (ScitechDaily, Revolutionary Rover Tech Tames Extreme Moon Temperatures)

The new rover systems can revolutionize transportation on other planets. And the same systems can also operate on the bottom of the sea. In some visions those, maybe truck- or Greyhound bus-size nuclear-powered vehicles can host moving laboratories. The same systems can operate underwater, and in some futuristic visions, those miniature submarines can carry torpedoes at the back of them. That allows it to trap bigger submarines from below. 

In some plans, the hovercraft-type solutions can travel on the moon. The system would make the air cushion using rockets. That is below the vehicle. Their size can be enormous because they must not land on Earth. All changes in cargo happen at the Earth orbiter. 

Those moon hovercrafts can also operate as shuttles between the moon and the Earth orbiter. The moon shuttle must only increase its rocket engine power. And then those engines raise the shuttle to the moon orbiter, and those shuttles turn to use their transit engines to travel to Earth. On Earth orbiter, their cargo will be loaded to conventional shuttles. And then the needed merchandise will be loaded to those moon shuttles, that return to the moonbase. 

https://scitechdaily.com/ai-and-exoskeletons-team-up-to-transform-human-performance-on-earth-and-in-space/

https://scitechdaily.com/revolutionary-rover-tech-tames-extreme-moon-temperatures/