The next-generation ion engines can use extremely bright light to ionize gas.

   The next-generation ion engines can use extremely bright light to ionize gas. 

Quasiparticles are the next-generation tools for extremely bright lights. 

Wikipedia determines a quasiparticle like this: "In condensed matter physics, a quasiparticle is a concept used to describe a collective behavior of a group of particles that can be treated as if they were a single particle. Formally, quasiparticles and collective excitations are closely related phenomena that arise when a microscopically complicated system such as a solid behaves as if it contained different weakly interacting particles in vacuum." (Wikipedia, Quasiparticle)

Some of the quasiparticles are extremely short-living "particle-type energy fields". Or otherwise saying. Quasiparticle is a phenomenon that acts like particles. Researchers are interested in quasiparticles like Majorana fermions because they offer the possibility to make error-resistant quantum computers. 

But one version of quasiparticles is skyrmion. The ring-shaped power field where the positive pole and negative pole are one after one. When those positive and negative poles impact, that causes energy flash. The system can use that kind of energy to make extremely powerful flashes of light. Those flashes of light can used for high-power lasers and ion technology with multiple civil and military applications. 

"Scientists studied the unique properties of quasiparticles in plasmas by running advanced computer simulations on supercomputers available through the European High-Performance Computing Joint Undertaking. They propose using quasiparticles to create light sources as powerful as the most advanced ones in existence today, but much smaller. Credit: Bernardo Malaca. (ScitechDaily.com/Harnessing Quasiparticles: The Next Wave of Super-Bright Light Sources)

The image above is a cutaway drawing of Mars planet. But it could introduce the plasma ion engine's chamber. 

The plasma travels in that "combustion" chamber like this. The laser beam travels through the plasma and puts it into a whirl. 

Io engines and powerful lasers can use extremely powerful light flashes to create laser beams and ionize gas. 

In some models, laser rays can be used to create plasma in ion engines. That kind of ion engine has a chamber that has a certain form. The blower blows air or some other gas in that chamber. And then laser ray that shot through that chamber will put that gas whirling. The whirl pushes the craft forward. And that kind of engine can be the reason why some so-called UFOs seem to hang on some kind of laser beam. 

The extremely powerful flashes of light can ionize gas themselves. And researchers can use that kind of technology in the next-generation ion engines. In powerful plasma-ion engines, the cold gas will be ionized. And then the system will drive that gas backward. That system is like an electromagnetic blower.

In cold ion engines, the system just shoots the electrons away from the atoms. The system shoots ions against a shield or "sail". And in that case, the system will not heat the gas.  And because the engine uses cold gas. It's hard to detect. The idea of this kind of engine is simple. The engine system is connected to the aircraft's body. 

When the ion system pulls gas backward in two acceleration lines. When ions with the same polarity impact each other. Some of them jump forward. And in those cold ion engines, the idea is that cold ions travel forward and impact the chamber's forward wall. Move the plane or craft forward. 

Another purpose of those quasiparticles could be an extremely powerful laser system. In those systems, the quasiparticles pump energy to the laser elements. 

The difference between antimatter and quasiparticles is that the quasiparticles are not so dangerous. The bright light that those quasiparticles create can used to turn even laser rays away from the target. 

https://scitechdaily.com/harnessing-quasiparticles-the-next-wave-of-super-bright-light-sources/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasiparticle

Particle accelerators and stealth technology are an impressive combination.

    Particle accelerators and stealth technology are an impressive combination. 

Photonic crystals can make structures invisible to the human eye. 

The photonic crystals can turn the visible light to UV or IR radiation. If the layer is covered by photonic crystals that move radiation into the higher or lower wavelength that kind of system can deny the visible light reflection from the layer. And that thing can make the ultimate stealth systems possible. 

When we talk about the systems that can transform the layer invisible to the human eye we forget photon crystals. Photon- or photonic crystals can transform the wavelength of the radiation. That means the photonic crystals can transform the reflection that comes from the object to UV or IR frequencies.  If reflection that comes from the layer turns to UV or some higher energy radiation with photonic crystals. That thing can make objects invisible to the human eye. 

Above:) Fictional space fighter. The next-generation stealth shuttles might look like this. The particle accelerators that are connected with lasers would be the prime weapon for that kind of system. 

The miniature particle accelerators also can make new types of accelerator laboratories possible. The miniature particle accelerators can connect with lasers. And in those systems, the laser ray pushes electrons or some other particles forward. That thing increases the power of those laser systems. The electron-accelerating lasers can have solutions in civil and military sectors. 

The high-power laser-accelerated protons and electrons make it possible to create new and compact particle accelerators. In some Scifi books is a tool called an antimatter cannon. The problem with antimatter cannons is that antimatter annihilates immediately when it hits to air. The high-power electron lasers could solve this problem. The system can create a vacuum channel in the air where those antimatter particles can travel without touching material. 

Those systems can make antimatter systems like antimatter engines possible. The small-size particle accelerators can also be used in fusion systems to drive ions against each other. 

They can be used to pull ions backward in aircraft and spacecraft. If we put that particle accelerator in the spacecraft wings we could make an ultimate system that can use WARP drive for transporting it to other stars. The idea of that kind of system is that the spacecraft travels to as high a speed as possible using antimatter systems. Then when the craft reaches the top possible speed it will pull ions to it, and those impacts make their energy level so high that those crafts will travel to the fourth dimension. But this type of system is far in the future, but closer than we imagined. 

https://www.livescience.com/physics-mathematics/particle-physics/worlds-smallest-particle-accelerator-is-54-million-times-smaller-than-the-large-hadron-collider-and-it-works

https://scitechdaily.com/einsteins-theories-revisited-scientists-produce-pseudogravity-using-photonic-crystals/

https://scitechdaily.com/key-components-of-quantum-technologies-coupled-with-new-interface/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photonic_crystal

Why does the Iron Dome fail in Israel?

  Why does the Iron Dome fail in Israel?

Why does the Iron Dome fail in Israel? Why Hamas could overwhelm and pass the system that should protect Israel against any aerial threat? We might say that it's easy to go through the Iron Dome or any other missile shield. If the attacker has more missiles than the defender. It's impossible to destroy all attackers. The Hamas attacks introduced problems with modern air defense. High-tech weapons and ineffective against mass raids of dummy weapons. And one case is that there are too many attackers. 

Because there are no missiles that can destroy all incomers. This is the problem of the missile mass raid. The attacker can use thousands of drones and missiles to attack. That forces the defender to react and shoot its AA missiles. And one drone tactic is that the attacker will shoot drones in a non-stop chain. That forces the defender to use its missiles. 

"An Iron Dome launcher launching a missile. On October 7, 2023, Israel’s Iron Dome was overwhelmed by a massive missile attack from Hamas, showcasing a military asymmetry where a low-cost strategy defeated a high-tech defense. This incident underscores the need for affordable, scalable air defense solutions." (ScitechDaily.com/Iron Dome’s Vulnerability: How Hamas Pierced Israel’s Prized Air Defense Shield)

The problem with the iron dome is that Hamas knows it. Drone attacks in Ukraine have shown that there is a need for some new types of AA weapons. Those weapons should have the capacity to shoot down incoming rockets, grenades, and drone swarms. If the system uses only missiles, the problem is that there is a limited number of ammunition in those systems. 

Normally, targets are defended by AA missiles, and the CIWS (Close-In Weapon Systems) that are rapid-firing machine cannons. The rate of single-machine cannon fire is 3000 to 6000 or even more ammunition per minute. And those system's vulnerability is they use lots of ammunition. The most modern CIWS systems use lasers and other DEW (Directed Energy Weapons). 

Above:) The DEW (Directed Energy Weapon) like laser rays could be the future of air defense. This is artis's impression of mobile system. 

Laser, radio wave, and microwave-based systems have no limits in ammunition. But they require an electric supply. Lasers are effective against single ammunition. But things like swarms of free-flight rockets and especially grenade swarms require some other type of defender. The electromagnetic shield can destroy ammunition before it reaches targets. 

There are plans for many versions of the power shields that can defend cities against bombs and missiles. One of the first versions was the system that was based on Tesla coils. The network of electric arcs that are created between Tesla coils over the area will destroy bombs before they hit their target. 

 One version of the defender is a fast-rotating laser ray or laser whips and microwave pins. 

The laser whip that rotates in the line between the target and incoming rockets can destroy each of them. The idea is that the laser ray moves very fast above the target like a whip and that system destroys all kinetic ammunition. The idea is that only aiming optics must rotate. The system can be installed in any tower or airship. In the last case, the light cable transports laser light to an airship that hovers over the target area. Microwaves can create a pin that can destroy multiple incoming dummy targets. 

The radio wave-based systems create electric arcs in the air or their transmission power is so high that it destroys incoming ammunition's electronics. The EMP systems are effective against drones and drone swarms. But they are ineffective against dummy free-flight rockets. And that thing means that guided missiles require some other systems to use against the incoming dummy objects. 

https://scitechdaily.com/iron-domes-vulnerability-how-hamas-pierced-israels-prized-air-defense-shield/

https://wonderfulengineering.com/us-military-plans-to-commission-the-most-powerful-laser-weapon-ever/

Lasers can make roads to the Moon and sweep orbital trajectories.

 Lasers can make roads to the Moon and sweep orbital trajectories. 

ESA (European Space Administration) created a model where lasers turn moon dust into glass. Developers can use that system to make roads to the Moon. Lasers can melt moondust and transform it into glass, which allows vehicles to travel on it. The moon glass can be used as other structures on the Moon. The system puts dust in a mold and then the laser melts it. 

In some other versions, the pressure systems will blow dust to certain points, and laser rays melt that dust. That kind of system can create the 3D printing technology that is used to create structures for the Moon. But the other thing is that. It's possible to use this technology can also on Earth for the same purposes. 

The laser systems can melt dust on Earth. In 3D printers, lasers can melt dust like plastic. And that allows to create 3D printers that can print glass. 3D printers can use silicone dust for ceramic structures. By using this technology, a 3D printing system can print ceramic structures. And lasers can also be used to create airfields on sand. The workers must only equalize the surface. And then lasers will turn the sand into glass. 

"ESA’s PAVER project investigated the creation of paved surfaces on the Moon, such as roads and landing pads, through melting of lunar regolith. A carbon dioxide laser was used for terrestrial testing, but on the Moon a Fresnel lens would be employed to focus sunlight. Credit: PAVER consortium/LIQUIFER Systems Group" (ScitechDaily.com/Lunar Highways: How Lasers Can Transform Moon Dust Into Roads)

Above:) Laser satellites can use their lasers in multiple missions. The difference between data transmission lasers and lasers that destroy targets is only the power. That the laser uses. Lasers can use sunlight to create laser rays. The laser's flashlight tube can get its energy from solar panels. Or mirrors can focus sunlight on laser elements. (Image ESA)

Laser satellites are multipurpose tools. They can act as communication platforms. They can search for pollution from the atmosphere. And laser satellites can sweep orbital trajectories. The same satellite can make all those missions. In some visions around the Earth will be a large swarm of small laser satellites. The purpose of those satellites determines what power they use in each mission. 

If the laser satellite drills a hole in the other satellite's fuel tank, that turns the fuel or gas tank into a rocket that pushes the satellite away from the trajectory. And if the laser satellite is at a higher altitude than the target satellite, that effect pushes the target into the atmosphere.

Those AI-controlled laser satellite swarms can combine their data-handling capacity and aim their lasers at one target or they can push small debris to the atmosphere separately. The problem with laser systems is that they should not break the satellite. The laser satellite swarm can search for debris by using Lidars. Those satellites can used as the ASAT or ABM weapons. 

The AI-controlled lasers can sweep orbital trajectories from space junk. In visions, laser satellites can push other satellites. And especially space debris back into the atmosphere. When a laser ray hits metal it vaporizes it. And that acts like a rocket. The laser satellites can be the answer for small-size space debris that dangers satellites. The AI-controlled laser satellite swarm can also push large-size space junk into the atmosphere. And when those satellites combine their force, that system can act as killer satellites in ABM or ASAT missions. 

https://www.esa.int/Applications/Connectivity_and_Secure_Communications/A_world_first_Data_transmission_between_European_satellites_using_laser_light

https://scitechdaily.com/ai-powered-lasers-a-modern-solution-to-space-debris/

https://scitechdaily.com/lunar-highways-how-lasers-can-transform-moon-dust-into-roads/

Evolution requires catastrophes that start to favor intelligence.

     Evolution requires catastrophes that start to favor intelligence. 

Evolution is a complex interaction with species and their environment. 

The universe is full of planets that are more habitable than Earth. And maybe that is the reason why we have not found intelligent civilizations yet. In catastrophic situations, only species can adapt to that suddenly changing environment. Individuals must know how to find food in cases where the tropical environment suddenly changes to arctic and temperature decreases by tens of degrees. And this kind of thing formed species called Homo Sapiens. 

Our species is the result of multiple catastrophes,  and we are at the top of the evolution that continues. And maybe we are different than now after 30,000 years. In this case, I talk about the evolution chain that continues in our species. 

20-year study says that Neanderthals were as intelligent as we are. The oldest wooden structure from 476,000 years ago caused an idea that could Neanderthals create the first "cities"? Those cities could be stable wooden structures, rather villages, than some cities. 

"A new “law of increasing functional information” reveals that complex natural systems, beyond just life on Earth, evolve towards higher complexity. This discovery expands traditional evolutionary theory, offering insights from cosmology to astrobiology." (ScitechDaily.com/Beyond Biology: Scientists Uncover a Universal “Missing Law of Evolution”)

There is one thing called the "Silurian hypothesis". That hypothesis is that there was some kind of civilization before Homo Sapiens. The basis of that hypothesis is in Plato's Atlantis. Atlantis is a mythic land. That vanished under the waves. Some people say that the "land that vanished under the waves" is meant as a symbol of memories. But then researchers found Zealandia the lost content. 

And that caused questions about whether the first cities were on some island that detonated. If we think that somewhere were cities 3000 years ago, those cities must not have been very big that they could make an impression. They could be wooden structures that were in a stable place. So if we say that the camp that is not moving is some kind of city or village. That means the first stable villages could form before Neanderthals. 

Our ancestors formed first cities or stable villages around the water sources. Requirements for that advance were stable water sources and food sources. Irrigation and domestic animals eliminated the need to hunt and wander. 

There is one thing that we should realize. When we talk about evolution and things like the Silurian Hypothesis. We believed that Neanderthals were not intelligent. The 20-year research tells us that the Neanderthals were as intelligent as we are. That thing could explain the oldest wooden structure which is 476,000 years old. In this hypothesis, the Neanderthals created the oldest known wooden structures in the world. And that causes the question, where were civilization and the first cities formed? 

https://news.liverpool.ac.uk/2023/09/20/archaeologists-discover-worlds-oldest-wooden-structure/

https://scitechdaily.com/20-year-study-reveals-neanderthals-were-as-intelligent-as-homo-sapiens/

https://scitechdaily.com/beyond-biology-scientists-uncover-a-universal-missing-law-of-evolution/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silurian_hypothesis

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zealandia

Race for next-generation internet is going on.

 Race for next-generation internet is going on. 

The next-generation Internet is more secure and more complicated than it is now. The series of quantum entanglements will transport information in the next generation Internet. 

The quantum-based security makes it impossible to hack into that net. And that means the highly secure quantum net is also more controlled than the net has ever been before. The quantum technology, along with deep learning security programs make the anonymous use of the net completely impossible. 

Otherwise, new applications like drone control, 3D printing, and banking require new encryption technology.

But the fact is that things like general-purpose AI and Internet of Things like 3D printing systems require very high-level security because those systems are very destructive. NASA is planning to create rocket engines using 3D printing technology. And that thing means that maybe quite soon the cannons like 155mm. howitzer will create by using 3D printers.

And also things like assault rifles are easy to make by using 3D printers that can print metal parts and rocket engines. The metal-printing 3D printers can create any merchandise by using CAD 3D drawings. And that makes those systems very dangerous in the wrong hands. 

"Advancing quantum teleportation, researchers set a new speed record of 7.1 qubits per second, utilizing innovative technology and overcoming prior limitations, marking a pivotal stride toward an efficient, far-reaching quantum internet." (ScitechDaily.com/Quantum Breakthrough: Record-Breaking Quantum Teleportation Achieved Over Metropolitan Range)

The advance of that technology is very fast. Another thing is that the highly secured internet is required for filtering attempts to print illegal weapons using 3D printers. Officials say. That requirement for highly secured neet is for filtering attempts to create unauthorized weapons and make computer viruses, and other illegal malware by using general-purpose AI. That network will also filter hostile trolls and other things from the net. 

Quantum security makes old-fashioned internet crimes useless. People require hard identification when they login to the net. And the argument against that policy is that we don't want to control the government. But then we must realize that this day the fast internet makes it possible to use that thing for illegal activities. Computer criminals and other kinds of people who want to deliver malware that steals people's money must be put under control. 

Hacking is not the only problem that the Internet has. The big problem is hostile actors like criminals and hostile governments. Things like general AI are like nuclear weapons in the wrong hands. The data that GP AI creates can involve very complicated malware solutions. And control is important for avoiding misuse of those systems. Also, things like sensitive emotional AI can misused. 

The emotional AI imitates feelings and emotions. Those systems are easy to misuse. They can used to make letters or messages that make people send money. And that's why those system's use must happen only through a strong identity check. And emotional AI is a devastating tool in the hands of cheaters. The AI should have the ability to tell instances like universities and high schools if their students used the AI for fraud or some other illegal activities that thing should told to the controllers. 

So we must pay the price anyway. The net is the perfect tool for information operations from the Russians and BRICS coalition. The problem with psychological operations is that the highly secured net will not deny those operations if the operator owns and controls the net. The internet interconnects authorities together. But the net is the platform that connects underworld actors. If we keep our net too open that thing would be the tool that hostile operators can benefit from. 

https://cyprus-mail.com/2023/10/23/the-race-is-on-for-a-new-internet/

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-breakthrough-record-breaking-quantum-teleportation-achieved-over-metropolitan-range/

The threat of nuclear terrorism.

   The threat of nuclear terrorism. 

The hackers attacked Israel by using the Red Alert warning application as a platform. They claimed that Israel was under nuclear threat. Nuclear terrorism is one of the most frightening things. The problem is that nuclear technology falls in the hands of those who don't care or don't have the skills to protect those platforms. 

We should concerned about nuclear terrorism and the escalation of nuclear weapons because of Burkina Faso and Russian atomic cooperation. Also, Iranian military aid to Russia in the Ukrainian war causes the question of whether Iran wants nuclear weapon technology as a counter-gift. 

Those hackers created the fake message that Israel was under a nuclear terrorist threat. Those kinds of messages are serious things. Even if they are meant for trolls. 

But does the threat of nuclear terror rise? When we think about the situations where Russians sell nuclear power plants to Burkina Faso, that can mean that people like Hamas are closer to getting nuclear material in their hands. The African nations with ultimate corruption might outsource those power plants' security to foreign mercenaries like Wagner PMC if they cannot protect those systems themselves. 

Nuclear waste is dangerous, and all dangerous things are dangerous in the hands of terrorists. The problem is that some countries don't have the will or even skills to protect the nuclear power plants. And if the protector is some Wagner PMC, that opens mercenaries the road to the nuclear material. 

 All kinds of radioactive nuclear material are useful for radiological weapons. But when we think about the nuclear weapons things like corruption are good tools that allow evil to get the most evil weapons into their hands. Corrupted officers and nuclear officials can sell nuclear weapons to other nations, and if those nations are even more corrupted.

The corruption and fall of the governments cause risk that people who should guard nuclear facilities just slip off their positions. And then the nuclear material will turn unattended. 

We should be concerned about things like Iranian weapons aid to Russia. Iran will not give those drones for free. And the question is, what Iran wants from Russia? And one thing is the technology that is needed for nuclear weapons. So maybe they want to hire Russian nuclear specialists, who can advise on how to make things like hydrogen bombs. The problem with the Iranian government is radical Islam. And there are fanatic and lunatic people who might think that if they sell a couple of nuclear bombs to Hamas they act as a member of Islamic Jihad and help Israeli enemies to destroy that country. 

That means those nuclear weapons can go into the hands of terror. When the Soviet Union collapsed some officers were willing to sell nuclear weapons to private contractors. And lucky thing was that those people were undercover policemen who hunted drug dealers. But people were really lucky in that case. And the threat in Putin's fall is that the situation in the Soviet fall repeats. In that case, there is the possibility that nuclear warheads will ship to Africa accidentally. 

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-67098444

https://www.bitdefender.com/blog/hotforsecurity/hacktivists-send-fake-nuclear-attack-warning-via-israeli-red-alert-app/