Can we predict evolution?

Image above: Glowing corals entice nutrients like small water insects. 

Why are species advancing? The reason for that is that the species must get nutrients. And they must get descendants. The challenge is that if the species is good prey for hunters it dies before it can make descendants. If the hunter is too dominating, it eats its food to end. And that thing can cause extinction. Same way, if some animal is a too easy target. That causes extinction. 

For success, the species must ensure its nutrient source. Without nutrients, the species is gone. So, that's why corals are glowing. Glowing corals are a good example of how a thing that seems meaningless has a big role in evolution. 

When we think about the reason why corals glow, we can answer that the glow of corals is meant to entice food. Because bioluminescence increases the nutrient level of corals higher than corals that are not glowing, that makes glowing corals stronger. And they will take over space from other corals. Sooner or later that thing causes the accumulation of genetic material that makes corals glow. That means corals are starting to glow brighter. 

So we can think that maybe in the future glowing corals are turning more common than other corals. The reason for that is that those corals get more nutrients than their competitors. If shining coral is next to coral that has no shine the nutrient that is mostly small sea creatures will go to shining corals. And that decreases the nutrient level of that dark coral. And maybe someday shining coral gets all food. 

This is one version of how we can predict evolution. But then we must realize that there are many types of evolution. This is one version of how we can predict evolution. 

But then we must realize the thing, that evolution is not always biological. The next list includes a couple of examples of that thing. 

1) Natural evolution. That is the regular advancement of the species. 

2) Cultural evolution. That thing can increase the success of some species. 

3) Technical evolution. When some system is turned old-fashion there is a need for a new and better system. One of the examples of technological evolution is the history of electricity. 

4) Economic evolution. When some model in economics turns useless or too expensive. The new model replaces it. The modern economic model bases the growth that continues forever. But we know that this model is impossible. But economic evolution is an extremely large sector. So maybe I will return that thing later. 

But also the development of other civil and military equipment is a good example of technical evolution. When a new product is entering marketing that product must answer to need. If the new product is superior, that means old products and models must step away from the new product. 

When we are thinking about the problems of electric cars the first challenge was to turn the infrastructure so that electric cars can recharge their batteries The new equipment must have support. If there are no charge points for electric cars, there are no electric cars. 

Light bulbs and electric stoves replaced gas lamps and stoves because electric lights and stoves are safer than gas versions. If somebody leaves the gas tap open, that thing turns the gas light and gas stove into thermobaric bombs. Electric light and stoves can cause a fire but they are not as dangerous as gas lamps and stoves. 

The next big step in technology, environment, and culture is AI. AI can control the use of electricity and use of natural resources more effectively than ever before. And AI can turn life more comfortable than ever before. 

Modern lights are using light diodes that decrease their use of electricity. And in future the artificial intelligence can control stoves. That system can see if is food ripe enough. And the system can control if the person is at home. That means stoves are part of the network. If the chef sees that something is missing, that person can visit the shop. 

When the person will step out the door. The system says that the person is cooking and asks where that chef is going. When the chef says that he or she is going to shop the AI will calculate the time how long that thing takes. Then that system adjusts the temperature to the right level. The artificial intelligence can also ask when the person wants to eat, and then adjust the cooking temperature precisely right.

Also, the AI can ask what food the chef wants to make. And then it uses surveillance cameras for seeing if there is the right raw material in the cupboards. And then the system says that if something is missing. The AI can same way asking if a person wants to order those things from the shop. Or would that person want to go shopping? 

When we are thinking about energy production we must realize one thing. We have developed energy transportation tools. 

But there are no new energy sources since nuclear energy. The large-scale use of solar power is a new thing. Same way geothermic energy is a new thing. The fact is that nuclear power can be safer if the nuclear reactors are put in deep underground caves. If the reactor is hundreds of meters below the surface that protects it against terror strikes. That means that the reactor can place in the same depth as nuclear waste final disposal. 

https://scitechdaily.com/yale-study-suggests-that-evolution-can-be-predicted/

https://scitechdaily.com/a-mystery-solved-why-does-coral-glow/

Image: https://scitechdaily.com/a-mystery-solved-why-does-coral-glow/

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

MOXIE successfully made water on Mars

Mars is far away from Earth. And if the researchers can make something necessary on that planet, that thing makes all missions to that planet easier. The oxygen is needed for breathing in manned missions. But also oxygen is needed in unmanned missions. 

It can use in fuel cells that making possible to operate at nightside without nuclear systems. The water can break into hydrogen and oxygen which are excellent fuel for rockets and fuel cells. Those systems can also decrease the need to use nuclear systems. 

The solar panels can use to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. And that kind of system is decreasing the need to use nuclear fuel. So nuclear reactors can work longer before operators must change the nuclear fuel elements. This makes those missions cheaper.

Image 2) MGM-52 Lance

In visions, the samples from Mars are taken to Earth by using a small rocket that looks like an MGM-52 Lance missile. Or at least that rocket is based on the technology developed for the Lance missile. 

Those hydrocarbons can use as fuel in rockets that are shot to the Mars orbiter. When we are thinking about the most challenging part of the Mars colony is the support of that colony. Of course, nuclear engines can use in interplanetary flights. But the system must rise the merchandise to the Mars orbiter where nuclear rockets are waiting for that cargo.

The cargo from Mars will of course involve minerals but also crews must change after a certain time. The manned colony can use the biowaste to create methane for rockets and shuttles that are rising to the Mars orbiter.

Mars-planet must be mapped very accurately before we can build the base on Mars. There is always the possibility that there is carbon dioxide ice under the Martian surface. Even small energy impacts can vaporize that carbon dioxide and cause dangerous situations. 

https://scitechdaily.com/moxie-experiment-successfully-making-oxygen-on-mars/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MGM-52_Lance

Image 1) https://scitechdaily.com/moxie-experiment-successfully-making-oxygen-on-mars/

Image 2) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MGM-52_Lance

https://scienveandtechnoblog.wordpress.com/2022/09/01/moxie-successfully-made-water-on-mars/

The laptop broke the "post-quantum" cryptography scheme that was meant to protect information against quantum computers.

Image Source: (https://www.quantamagazine.org/‘Post-Quantum’ Cryptography Scheme Is Cracked on a Laptop)

The fact is that quantum computers are a new thing. Those new and powerful systems are making the regular, binary cryptography old-fashion. Traditional RSA cryptography is very easy to break by using quantum computers. 

So there it needed a new algorithm that can protect networks against quantum computers. This is why NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) published the race, to create next-generation cryptography. The advances in quantum computing are huge. And that means those systems are turning more common. 

So maybe quite soon the first quantum servers are in use in private corporations. And sooner than we think, the first quantum-PC:s are sold in supermarkets. That means we must create new algorithms and methods for protecting our networks against quantum hackers. 

There is a problem that nobody knows what will be the next step in quantum technology. And there are many protocols and cryptographic systems tested against the attacks of quantum computers. But some of those algorithms involve mistakes. And one of them is broken by using laptop computers. That thing tells that even the symmetrical curve cryptography and other symmetrical methods don't stand against quantum computers. An algorithm is useless against quantum computers if the laptops can break it. 

The reason why quantum cryptography is hard to break is that the data travels in the form of a qubit. Because the qubit is the particle the attempt to steal information will cause the quantum states of that qubit to be disturbed. And that thing uncovers the attempt to steal information. 

Normally qubits are traveling in the protective laser ray. And that thing makes quantum cryptography more secure than we even think.

There is, of course, a possibility, that quantum systems can be hacked. But the time that the binary computer uses for that thing is extremely long. So if we want to break the code that is made in a second by using a quantum computer, by using a binary computer that takes over a month. This means real-time hacking the quantum systems by using binary computers is impossible. 

So if somebody wants to hack things like battlefield missiles that are using quantum cryptography in their messages by using binary computers, that will take so long time, that this kind of hacking doesn't affect the situation.

If we think that a qubit is like a house, or tower with multiple layers or states we can make quantum cryptography even more secure than it was before. In the case where qubit has let's say eleven states. We can use as an example states 5, 7, and 10 for sending information. So we must not use those quantum states successively. 

If we use only states 5,7 and 10. We might fill other states by using white noise. Or we can send things like images in those states. In that case, if somebody tries to open the message that thing will disturb other states and cause distortion in those images. That means we can see if somebody tried to steal information from the qubits. 

https://www.quantamagazine.org/post-quantum-cryptography-scheme-is-cracked-on-a-laptop-20220824/

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

Why are things like the JWST telescope along with Artemis and Dart spacecraft advancing the economy and civil and military technology?

Above: Dart mission. 

The growing economy requires innovation and trust. 

The price of the JWST and Artemis is very high. But the fact is that they are advancing economical advantage. Those kinds of high-profile projects are a good introduction to the know-how of the actors that are working with them. This thing will bring companies to offer their ideas and discuss with NASA and its cooperatives about advancing space technology in civil and military areas. 

When we are thinking about the price of the moon program. We always forget that the moon program gave many sidelines like velcros. And the experience of heavy-duty systems. But it also opened the path to developing lightweight computers and later artificial intelligence. So the projects like Artemis and JWST are offering the framework where new products can develop. 

Things like Mars-rovers are also offering the tool how to test independently operating vehicles and the artificial intelligence software that can turn into everyday life. Innovation is the key element in those missions. 

The new technology can be dangerous in the wrong hands. 

NASA's Dart mission also offers the possibility to create and develop a new type of artificial intelligence-based technology that allows one to search for the right asteroid and shoot the penetrators to it. But the same technology that is used in Dart can use for creating killer satellites that can destroy at least military satellites. 

The problem with killer satellites is that space is, of course, a demilitarized area. But things like GPS satellites, recon satellites that point to the targets, and satellites that are supporting military forces in some other ways are military targets. The military role of the satellite makes it a legal military target. 

So the killer satellites are satellites that might seem harmless to people on Earth. But modern technology is changing that situation. Those satellites can drop armed quadcopters from the orbiter. 

Those quadcopters can be satellite-controlled and armed with pistols or larger weapons. Those systems are more realistic than some "rail guns". They are simply capsules that are dropped through the atmosphere and release those drones. 

Image: https://therobustframe.in/dart-mission-by-nasa-to-stop-an-asteroid/

There is a new era for space exploration.

The next attempt to launch Artemis 1 mission is maybe on Friday.  The fact is that the new era of spaceflight is rising. New heavy-duty cargo systems like Artemis and Space-X's Starship are making history. 

They allow creating the new type of missions where large structures can assemble at the Earth and moon orbiters. The miniature shuttles can use as assistant systems that are putting the parts of the large-size structures in the right places. 

But why the Moon is an important thing for the next-generation space missions?

The space station that is on the moon's surface offers a good place to test the technology that is needed on Mars and farther. But another thing is that the Moon is needed for interplanetary flights for one reason. Interplanetary flights are based the nuclear-powered spacecraft. The nuclear reactor that is used in those missions is dangerous because radioactive material from those reactors can fall to Earth. 

Sending a nuclear reactor to the Moon's orbiter requires heavy cargo systems. The highly radioactive material that is needed as fuel in those reactors can launch to the moon's surface in multiple different launches. That minimizes the possibility that the nuclear material can leak to large areas in nature. 

Nuclear fuel can be stored in hard capsules and shot together with other parts of the Moon's orbiter. When only a minimum mass of fission material is shot in each launch, it minimizes the possibility of a large-scale nuclear disaster. 

The nuclear-powered rockets' parts can be put together at the Moon orbiter and the reactor can start behind the Moon. That denies radioactive debris to fall on Earth. 

The moon's orbiter is also in a very good position for larger space telescopes than James Webb. The service crews can use the Moon's surface for the storage of mirrors and other systems. The service for those large-scale and extremely expensive instruments can also make by using robot teams. The remote-control robots can change the mirrors of those telescopes that can be even larger than JWST. 

Image: https://scitechdaily.com/sunrise-for-the-moon-dawn-of-a-new-era-in-space-exploration/

A biotech company wants to grow human embryos for medical transplants.

In 1942, Robert A. Heinlein wrote the novel "Beyond This Horizon". That novel is about biotechnological people. And that thing seems to be true. Cloning and genetic engineering make it possible to create individuals that have never been seen before. So, pinned evolution may already be a reality. And genetic engineering takes us step by step toward accelerated evolution.

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"An Israeli firm wants to replicate a successful mouse embryo experiment with human cells".

"The company, Renewal Bio, wants to use the technology to make "humanity younger and healthier"."

"The use of synthetic human embryos has sparked ethical concerns among the scientific community."

(https://www.businessinsider.com/israel-human-embryos-dna-mouse-medical-transplants-2022-8?r=US&IR=T)

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There are lots of people who are resisting this kind of technology. But this is one of the ways to make "spare parts" for humans. The idea is simple. The embryo will grow and when it's an abortion age the wanted organs will remove by operators. 

Then those organs can put to grow in nutrients. That thing is one of the versions of technology that can use to make spare parts for humans. Those embryos can make it possible to create customized organ transplants for any person in the world. The idea is that person will be cloned and that embryo is used as the "spare parts". 

But cloned embryos that are copies of some humans can use to make a person immortal. And there is the possibility that some sociologists can use cloned embryos in their research, where is tested the environmental effect on the advance of humans. The idea is that the embryo is cloned and then those children will be placed in different environments. Environmental research where is researched the environment's effect on to advance of humans is needed twins to make them effective. 

The problem is that twins must be separated. So researchers can make artificial embryos and put them in the womb of women. But the fact is that cloned embryos are making one vision true. There is the possibility to create ultimate armies by using cloned men. In that vision, the researchers take the most decorated persons and clone them. 

That makes it possible to create operators who will not tell anything to their parents. In some SciFi-action tales, each cloned military operator would have a clone stored in the cryogenics. If that kind of operator dies the clone that is taken from the cryogenics will help to cover the loss in some missions. 

So maybe the famous "Agent 47" from the HitMan movie would already exist. The fact is that the technology for that kind of operation is everyday use in laboratories. This kind of technology is a good example of the possibilities of biotechnology. 

https://www.businessinsider.com/israel-human-embryos-dna-mouse-medical-transplants-2022-8?r=US&IR=T

https://likeinterstellartravelingandfuturism.blogspot.com/

The new air-breathing hypersonic missiles are entering service soon.

Image: 1) 

Creating air-breathing hypersonic technology is more difficult, than using regular rockets and hypersonic gliders. Those gliders are connected with regular rockets. Most hypersonic missiles are regular systems that use regular rocket engines and hypersonic gliders. Hypersonic gliders are warheads that are designed to act like extremely fast gliders. 

But air-breathing hypersonic systems are necessary for the creation of hypersonic jet fighters. A hypersonic glider is like some kind of space shuttle that is shot to ballistic jump. That system can fly in the atmosphere the entire time. Or if the rocket booster is strong that can rise that system to earth orbiter. 

The air-breathing hypersonic system can be shot from aircraft. Or it can also shoot to ballistic trajectory by using a rocket booster. The air-breathing hypersonic missile can fly in a high atmosphere. Those systems can dive back into the atmosphere far away from the target. They are flying lower than satellites or regular missiles. But higher than regular cruise missiles and that makes them hard targets. 

But air-breathing hypersonic technology makes it possible to create aircraft that are flying higher than ever before. The reason why hypersonic technology makes aircraft fly at very high altitudes is that the speed of the aircraft will drive more air into the engine than slow-flying aircraft. That air-breathing hypersonic aircraft can make the SR-71 look like a moped. 

Image 2) "This artist’s rendering shows the Hypersonic Air-breathing Weapon Concept, which will integrate Raytheon Technologies’ air-breathing hypersonic weapons with scramjet combustors from Northrop Grumman. The HAWC program is a joint effort of the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and U.S. Air Force". (Aerotechnews/Two-for-two: Hypersonic missile passes the second consecutive test)

The Raytheon long-range hypersonic missiles are reaching the speed of Mach 5. Those missiles are the next-generation systems that can have a longer range than traditional rocket-based hypersonic missiles. The air-breathing hypersonic weapon (HAWC) is one of the versions of the hypersonic systems that are entering service. 

The air-breathing hypersonic missiles are systems that can use for many purposes. The hypersonic aircraft can take the rocket to a ballistic jump. That system takes the rocket to the edge of space. And then the system can shoot things like Pegasus rockets that can carry satellites or ASAT (Anti-Satellite) weapons to Earth orbiter. 

Image 3:) DefendTex D40 kamikaze drone

Image 4:) Pegasus XL Under" StarGlaser" mothership. Hypersonic systems can take those air-launched rockets to high altitudes where they can rise higher trajectories. (Wikipedia).

The air-breathing hypersonic systems will revolutionize spaceflight. 

Even if there are rules about the use of space. The military is very interesting in space weapons like killer satellites. The killer satellites can protect things like GPS satellites against ASAT missiles. And the satellites that use small diameter bombs can use against ground-based laser stations. 

Those satellites can drop also killer drones through the atmosphere. And they can assassinate even individual persons if they use new and effective, small-size quadcopters like Australian DefendTex D40 kamikaze drones (Image 3). DefendTexD40 can deliver from hands, it can be shot by using mortars or dropped from airborne or even satellites. Those drones can be controlled by using satellites and their small size makes them very dangerous. 

That thing means that we should re-estimate the personal protection of the primary actors of the governments. The reconnaissance, GPS, and communication satellites are playing vital roles in modern warfare. And that makes those systems legal targets. 

The RDE (Rotation Detonation Engine) can make the small-size solid fuel scramjet and ramjet systems possible. 

Hypersonic systems are coming and the next-generation jet fighters can have the ability to hypersonic speed. But also the artillery grenades that use ramjet or scramjet engines can be the next-generation tools. The RDE (Rotation Detonation Engine) engine can be useful in the ramjets and scramjets that use solid fuel. 

The solid fuel is like sausage around the stick in the middle of the structure and the air that is moving in the chamber like the screw is burning that fuel. That kind of small-diameter high-speed ammunition can be even more effective than the famous HiMARS system. 

https://www.aerotechnews.com/blog/2022/08/18/two-for-two-hypersonic-missile-passes-second-consecutive-test/

https://www.ediweekly.com/us-airforce-tests-hypersonic-missile-successfully-at-five-times-speed-of-sound/

https://eurasiantimes.com/chinese-firm-claims-breakthrough-in-novel-engine-tech/?amp

https://gagadget.com/en/159013-australia-will-provide-ukraine-with-300-defendtex-d40-kamikaze-drones-that-can-be-launched-from-a-mortar/

Image 1:) https://asiatimes.com/2020/08/meet-mayhem-the-usafs-multi-role-hypersonic-weapon/

Image 2:)https://www.aerotechnews.com/blog/2022/08/18/two-for-two-hypersonic-missile-passes-second-consecutive-test/

Image 3:) 300-defendtex-d40-kamikaze-drones-that-can-be-launched-from-a-mortar/

Image 4:) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_Pegasus