Solar-powered drones and hypersonic technology are ultimate tools.

  Solar-powered drones and hypersonic technology are ultimate tools. 

"Because Skydwellers are solar-powered, they are green with zero carbon footprint." (Interesting Engineering, Drone with Boeing 747-sized wingspan flies 74 hours non-stop on only solar power)

New solar-powered drones can be far more effective than anyone expected. 

In some scenarios, solar-powered drones can be utilized for intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and targeting purposes. Solar-powered drones can fly far higher than regular, jet-engined drones. If a solar-powered drone is made using stealth materials and uses low-visibility technology. Those systems can fly far above target areas, record radar signals, and observe communication tasks. And other things. Using different types of optical and radar scanners. The drone itself leaves a minimum IR and radar signature, and that system can transmit information about the battlefield to headquarters. 

Controllers can use laser data communication with those systems. The high-flying drone, or pseudo-satellite. Can make a similar mission. With satellites. And the difference is their flexibility. The large-sized drone can also transport rockets and missiles, and it can operate as a flying launching platform for satellite carriers as well as large missiles. 

The high-flying drones can see things. Like hypersonic missile launches, it can give early warning signals to the HQ. The hypersonic missile is one of the most critical things in modern warfare. If the large-sized Intercontinental ballistic missile, ICBM, launches the hypersonic missile. The flight trajectory would be a high-parabolic. 

A winged V-2 /A-4b) rocket is the atmospheric missile’s stem form. The wing’s idea was to give that primitive missile the external range. That missile had the purpose to bomb New York, but its test flights began in spring 1945. Some of them could fly in White Sands, USA, after WWII. 

The missile transports the hypersonic system to a high trajectory, and then the hypersonic missile dives back to the atmosphere and launches its ramjet or scramjet engine. The trajectory makes the hypersonic missile launch quite hard to detect. The launch may seem like a rocket failure. That means hypersonic missiles are tools that are hard for defense.  That’s why those early warning and defense systems require updating. 

There is a possibility that giant ICBM missiles like “Sarmats” can transport those hypersonic missiles to their targets. The system can be based on the technology used in “Brahmos” missiles. The hypersonic missile can replace the upper stage, or stages, in an ICBM. Another version of the hypersonic missiles is the so-called atmospheric missiles. The atmospheric missile is a hypersonic missile. That uses a regular rocket engine to give speed. The missile can have wings and a steering wing. This changes the symmetry in the rocket engine’s exhaust gas. Which turns the missile. The atmospheric missile can have a selectable flight profile. That system can fly like a normal missile. But it can have an atmospheric flight profile. 

http://www.astronautix.com/a/a-4b.html

https://interestingengineering.com/military/drone-boeing-747-sized-wingspan-flies

https://interestingengineering.com/photo-story/us-military-validates-all-electric-drone

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AeroVironment_Helios_Prototype

New self-assembly nanotubes turn the impossible possible.

New self-assembly nanotubes turn the impossible possible. 

"The crystal structure of a carbon bilayer. The purple outer layer and blue inner layer each have a similar arrangement of carbon atoms but are rotated relative to each other by just a few degrees. Credit: © 2021 Isobe et al." (ScitechDaily, Moiré Than Meets the Eye: Carbon Nanotubes Self-Assemble Into Complex Structures for Materials Research)

The Moiré pattern allows nanotubes to undergo a self-assembly process. Self-assembling nanostructures are a fundamental thing in nanoscale systems. That makes it possible to create extremely long nanotubes. Those nanotubes can be the fundamental materials in lightweight and strong structures, from extremely tall buildings to very strong aviation materials. 

Nanoscale technology means that. The structure is planned and created at the atomic level. The nanoscale structures are like LEGOs, and they can form larger structures. Nanotube technology makes it possible. To create lightweight and strong structures. In nanotube-based nanostructures, the nanotube bundle is bound together using a graphene layer. That makes the structure strong and lightweight. Those nanotube structures make it possible to create very tall buildings. 

The nanotube structure that graphene binds together. 

Artist’s impression of a space elevator

"A space elevator is conceived as a cable fixed to the equator and reaching into space. A counterweight at the upper end keeps the center of mass well above geostationary orbit level. This produces enough upward centrifugal force from Earth's rotation to fully counter the downward gravity, keeping the cable upright and taut. Climbers carry cargo up and down the cable." (Wikipedia, Space elevator)

Artist’s impression of Ceres space elevator.( Wikipedia commons)

The space sling is one of the versions of the centrifugal launch systems. Or spin launchers. The idea is similar to space elevators. That benefits Earth's rotation. For transport satellites to the orbiter or even to the solar system. The idea is that the probe is connected to a satellite using a very long cable. On the other side is the counterbalance. When the system launches a satellite, the space sling slings that cable.  Where the probe is connected like a sling. When the satellite is separated, the system must also separate the counterbalance that is on the other cable. Or it must roll that cable inside. 

When we think about mega-projects like space elevators, we always think about the mast-shaped structure. That some kind of asteroid keeps up. By benefiting from the centripetal force. The structure can also involve a pressure statue. If the system allows the airflow inside that tower. The air pressure pushes it up. And pressure keeps it in its form. 

 Another way to make that tower is to use the same technology. Used in the Burj Khalifa tower in Dubai. The building requires a large area base, which could be hundreds of kilometers. If the building’s area is large enough, it can be so high that it can reach even the edge of space. The building could be the mega-pyramid that has ever been seen before. 

And anyway, if we think about a kilometer-high launch tower, the rocket will launch through the low-pressure channel, which can save fuel. The rocket will be put in a launch position in the launch tube. Then the hatch at the top of the channel will open. And low pressure pulls the rocket through that channel. But those things are future visions. About systems that can revolutionize space technology. 

https://scitechdaily.com/moire-than-meets-the-eye-carbon-nanotubes-self-assemble-into-complex-structures-for-materials-research/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_elevator

The key to innovations is positive thinking.

 The key to innovations is positive thinking. 

Above: Burj Khalifa

Yesterday, people celebrated new things. They kept parades for new bridges. They proudly claimed that they built the tallest building on Earth. They made new types of engines. And developed new ideas. For science and technology. In 1950, people believed that we would fly using some kind of flying saucers, and every person had their own nuclear reactor in their yard. And they would have flying cars, etc. There were visions that took people to the Moon. 

Without visions and innovations, we cannot make products for our companies. If we want to make people come to our cities. There must be something that makes our cities interesting. The famous buildings. Like Burj Khalifa in Dubai. Call tourists. And locals think. That tourists leave money in their country. There is a proverb in Dubai. Money is like sand in tourists' hands. And a little bit of it always falls to the banks of the United Arab Emirates. 

The net formed a new way of communication. Those visions brought new ways to communicate. And they brought us new medicines. And many other things. Things like the internet were the biggest advances in history. That made new types of AI possible. The AI is the tool. That makes it possible to create new materials and tools. We are part of the networks. And networks are connecting people together. 

Above: Jeddah Tower

"The Line is a planned city in Saudi Arabia, designed to be a 170 km long, 200 meters wide, and 500 meters high string of skyscrapers with a population density ten times that of Manhattan. However, researchers from the Complexity Science Hub argue that its linear design is inefficient, hindering active mobility and necessitating a high-speed rail system that would still result in longer commutes than in other major cities. Credit: Neom" (ScitechDaily, Saudi Arabia’s “The Line”: Urban Marvel or Nightmare?)

When we think about networking. And working on the internet, we might ask: Why are we members of the networks? Why do species make networks? They share their genetic inheritance. When people make networks. We make them for sharing. And getting new ideas. Those new ideas are things that we can mix with the information that we already have. The networks are thing that gives new ideas to people. 

But if we want to get new innovations. We should think of them. As positive things. If we just find negative things. About those projects, we would not have any innovations. There is a possibility that with a sceptical attitude. We just continue. Using old methods and old tools, and leaving all Burj Khalifas at the theoretical level. That means that somebody will build that thing anyway. The idea of using Burj Khalifa as a marketing tool is this. When people ask, “What is the tallest building on Earth?”. The system gives the name of the building and location. 

Then there are images of Burj Khalifa. The UAE leaders believe that at least 10% of the people who see those images ask, “Would we spend our next holiday in Dubai”? If there are a billion people and 10% will discuss that thing, that means 100 million people will talk about that place to spend their holiday. And if ten percent of those people want to buy their holiday. And spend that in Dubai. It means. One million  visitors will come to see Burj Khalifa. If all of them leave 5 euros, in that building. That brings 5 million Euros in that building’s cash. And of course, those people bring something to other places in Dubai. 

But there is another way to make innovations. And business. That thing is to shame innovations. If the company doesn’t bring something new and interesting to the forefront of people's minds. That means somebody else brings. 

The Burj Khalifa, 828 m, is still the tallest building. However, Saudi Arabia published plans to create a 1000-meter-wide building. Jeddah Tower in Saudi-Arabia will rise to a kilometer.  It will be the tallest building on Earth when it's ready. Another thing that Saudi-Arabia plans is “The Line”. A 170-kilometer-long and 500-meter-high building. The last one will be the city in one house. That structure is feared to cause problems with birds. The Line is also suspected to be used to keep people under control. 

These extremely large houses will also come. To Northern Europe. Those houses can be the next generation living environment, where people will live and work. And have their free time. In the same buildings. When we think about this kind of solution. It would be cheap and effective. At the same time, people lose their last contact with nature. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Khalifa

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeddah_Tower

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Line,_Saudi_Arabia

The Beyraktar drone makes its comeback.

 The Beyraktar drone makes its comeback. 

Above: “ A Ukrainian TB2 drone armed with precision-guided weapons.” (Eurasian Times)

At the beginning of the Ukrainian war, the Beyraktar drone was the key element in the defense. Then, Russian electronic warfare systems made that drone unable to operate, but the Beyraktar TB-2 may be back in business. The question is this: Are those Beyraktars the same that operated during the early Russian attack? There is a possibility that those drones are updated. The Beyraktar-type drones are large, and they can carry sub-drones or independent, AI-controlled kamikaze drones. 

Or those Beyraktars can have an improved ability to cooperate with drone swarms and track missile sites. And especially sites that operate fiber drones. Or maybe their mission is to search Russian ECM stations and destroy them. Those drones can also operate. In maritime patrol duties. Recently, a Beyraktar drone sank a vessel in Black Sea. 

There is a possibility that those large-sized drones can also operate as decoys or larger kamikaze drones. The purpose of those drones is to make the Russians attack it. The larger-sized drones can carry larger. And more powerful computers than small-sized drones. When we think about Beyraktars, there is a possibility that there are also jet-powered versions of that drone. Another possibility is that the larger drone will carry Beyraktar to a strike distance from the target. The Beyraktar is a system that can carry an AI-based image recognition and attack system. 

The carrier vehicle can carry that drone deep into the Russian airspace. The AI-based system. Makes it possible to select. And attack targets independently. Those drones will not need radio communication. Or GPS. They can use optical digital scene-matching area correlation. Those are terrain contour-matching systems, boosted with aided inertial navigation systems, TERCOM/TAINS, which make those systems independent. from the GPS. The system uses the landmarks and inertial to navigate to the target. 

A radioisotope thermoelectric generator, RTG, gives unlimited operational time for drones. 

And then the system can drop parasite drones near the target, and Beyraktar can make a kamikaze mission against those targets. These kinds of systems are possible. The reason why. There are so many “maybes” in this text. Is this. There must be some kind of reason. Why Ukrainians return to that old system for operational use. There is a possibility that this kind of drone also has unlimited operational capacity. 

Those drones can use electric engines and a radioisotope thermoelectric generator, RTG. The RTG gives electricity to the systems. And those systems can operate for a very long time. The Voyager space probe uses the RTG generator. Which has delivered electricity for almost 50 years. That means a propeller or blower using a drone can operate for almost unlimited time. The blower gives  a higher speed for the drone. And that kind of stealth drone can be almost invisible. Those drones. Will not leave infrared marking, and their small size helps them survive. 

https://www.eurasiantimes.com/bayraktar-tb2-drone-made-a-comeback-in-ukraine/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FP-5_Flamingo

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioisotope_thermoelectric_generator

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TERCOM

Why is it hard to impose sanctions on Russia?

 Why is it hard to impose sanctions on Russia? 

We always wonder why Trump hesitates to impose sanctions against Russia. The reason for that is extremely complicated. We know that the Russian government has large-scale nuclear weapons that they use as blackmail tools. That is an easy explanation. There is also another problem with Russia, and that problem is China. China is the biggest producer of rare earth metals. In the world. Even if the USA is one of the most powerful and advanced countries in the world. That country is bound in the international, global-scale raw material network. 

And that thing puts the brakes on the U.S. government. The USA has been the most advanced microchip maker on this planet. But the problem is that. This country requires many strategic metals and minerals that are used to make microchips and other technical equipment. This means that if China does not deliver those minerals, the USA’s ability to produce microchips decreases. Another problem is things like oil. Many oil producers in the Middle East are BRICS countries. Those countries want to see Putin as their ally. The reason for that is that those nations are non-democratic, and the activist movement wants to limit weapon sales to those countries. 

Those people know that Putin is not as sharp as Western actors who use those weapons. And Putin can sell things like nuclear weapons technology to those countries whose main source of income is minerals, and especially the oil and gas industry. The U.S military requires oil and gas for its global operations. The nuclear bomber can operate on a global scale using airborne refueling. But the support operators.  Like special forces teams. Need petroleum for their equipment, in case the nuclear bomber must make an emergency landing. Those operators also require a base in the Middle East where they can operate. In those situations. 

Another problem is that Putin thinks that he can try to buy politicians and other people to support his propaganda. People know. That Putin and his regime are willing to make sacrifices to stay in control.  The fact is that those sacrifices don’t touch Putin’s nomenclature. And that is the thing that is a big problem. Another thing is that nobody knows how big a sacrifice Putin is willing to make. Putin is the man who is in command. But he is not the entire regime. There are people in Russia who support his policy. That means changing the leader might not mean that war ends or anything changes in Russia. 

There is a certain cycle. When we think about the freedoms in the Soviet Union and Russia. There are always thaws when new, young leaders take their position. But when leaders turn old. The secret police will start to tighten its grip on society. That means arresting and sending to the GULAG. When the leaders change, the people who served those leaders turn into criminals. In one night. After Stalin’s death, his loyal servants like Beriya and many other people went to prison and were executed. That was the second purge. Those purges followed all other soviet leaders. And they still continued. The idea is that people who served the old regime are useless. And the new leader collects a new regime around him. 

The thing is that the secret police controls the entire society in Russia. If leaders are not pleasing the secret police organization. That person faces a heart attack. As long as the secret police exists, there cannot be big changes in the Russian government. The secret police surrounds all Russian leaders as it surrounded Stalin, Lenin, and the Tsar. That organization is like a state in a state. And those people don’t hesitate to use violence. It is almost certain that the secret police killed the ex. Chairman of the KGB, Yuri Andropov. because the leader of the Communist Party, or literally the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, wanted to limit the secret police’s power. The KGB probably used salt injection for that case because Andropov’s kidneys were damaged, and that caused death. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Security_Service

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclature

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Andropov

Chinese highly automated dark factories.

   Chinese highly automated dark factories. 

Chinese dark factories are so highly automated that they don’t even need light. This is the future of manufacturing. Robots working in complete darkness. Those systems are controlled by the AI. And that makes the assembly process very effective. Human-shaped robots can make almost everything that humans can. 

An advanced machine learning toolkit allows operators. To teach machines new things. very effectively. The system needs only one robot. That can make something, and then that system can scale that new skill over the entire network. That makes robots very effective workers. And maybe those ghost factories are starting to operate in Western cities. Robot factories are interesting. Especially if human-shaped robots work in that factory. 

That is the thing. That makes the AI dangerous. The ability to teach one robot and then scale that thing to all robots makes it possible to teach robot armies very effectively. The same human-shaped robot that can make cars. It can act as a robot soldier. That is one thing that we must realize. The second thing is that kinds of highly automated systems can also make other products than cars. The new stealth systems require ultimate secrecy. And the robot workers are a solution to that problem. 

The robot worker doesn’t call the newspaper. If it makes something that is not public. Another thing is that the robot worker can change its role by pressing a button. Flexible CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design/ Computer Aided Manufacturing) platforms that turn the CAD drawings straight to the product. Mean that the system can change the product in minutes. The factory involves 3D printers and machine workers. Those systems can make everything. They have instructions and raw materials. Those factories can make cars, aircraft, and other robots. 

That kind of thing can make many things more effectively than humans. That means those systems are the ultimate competitors for Western factories. They can make products without brakes. And that makes them ultimate operators in the military and civil sectors. The Chinese government, like all other actors, might be interested about the robot factory as a military robot producer. There is a possibility that robot factories are installed on ships. and they can build customized robots or other robot factories if they have enough raw materials. Or the ability to search for raw materials from nature. 

Quantum microchips and photonic interactions.

"Artistic representation of metasurface quantum graphs. Credit: Joshua Mornhinweg" (ScitechDaily, Harvard Just Collapsed a Quantum Computer Onto a Chip)

Harvard scientists built a quantum computer on a chip. And that drives advances to the room- or table-sized quantum computers and quantum networks. This kind of system can also make the quantum internet, at least in the short range, possible. But long-distance wireless quantum communication requires new tools like photonics. Some researchers say that the future is in photonic microchips. That means the light acts as a data transporter. Those systems will use less energy than electric microchips.  But that thing requires new systems like optical gates. Today, researchers can make photonic microchips, but those systems are large-scale, and their mirrors and light cutters require AI-based systems that can control those light-based components. 

The main problem is how to make effective photonic versions of the electric components. And especially the photonic gates and switches are hard to make. The reason for that is that leaders will heat the physical iris. And controlling that system is not as effective as it should be. Data travels differently in those microchips. Theoretically, the system can use two frequencies or colors. The green can be one, and red can be zero. The system inputs serial numbers to those photonic bits so that the system can sort them into the right order. But the control system is very complicated. 

"Light can scatter off light, revealing ghostly particles and clues to cracking the universe’s fundamental laws. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Light Versus Light: The Secret Physics Battle That Could Rewrite the Rules)

Photonic interactions can solve many problems in quantum networks. If we think of a system that shoots a thin light wave or light quantum through the photon, that system can make the new quantum internet possible. The system downloads data to the particle from the photon, and then that data travels to that wave. For working perfectly, that system requires very accurate ways to control photons and their interactions. The photonic systems that are in the photonic interactions, where light scatters light to make possible things like optical gates. The photonic gate means a system where another lightwave or photon cuts the route of the lightwave. The system can also adjust the energy level of the light wave or adjust the lightwave’s wavelength. 

The photonic system that scatters light allows the cone that protects microchips and sensitive components against outgoing radiation. That system makes lightwaves travel past the layer. It would deny electromagnetic waves from reaching the shell of the system. The photonic interaction or scattering effect can make it possible to create new types of stealth systems. The idea is that the light or photons form a needle that scatters lightwaves past the object. If that scattered light can aim electromagnetic radiation to reach and reflect from the surface or aims reflection out from the observer, that thing makes the object itself invisible. There can be standing waves at the crossing point of the scattered waves. So the observer would see the lights in those points. 

https://scitechdaily.com/harvard-just-collapsed-a-quantum-computer-onto-a-chip/

https://scitechdaily.com/light-versus-light-the-secret-physics-battle-that-could-rewrite-the-rules/