Theoretically, humans can benefit from the energy of black holes.

    

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Theoretically, humans can benefit from the energy of black holes.

What if we can predict the location where the FRB (Fast Radio Burst) or GRB (Gamma-ray burst)? That thing allows us free energy for millenniums. Theoretically, the energy of those highly energetic bursts can collect and store in the battery. Which gives energy to the entire Earth for millenniums. But the problem is that we must predict the location where those impulses travel. 

The energy can collect from FRBs by using a normal radio antenna. If the frequency and location of that energy radiation will predict. And maybe we can benefit from that energy in the future. The energy level in gamma-ray bursts is extremely high and in a couple of seconds released energy level will go over the energy, that the sun will create during all its life. 

There is the possibility to use the gravity of a black hole as a particle accelerator. In that case, the energy of electrons is rising by using gravity fields to increase their speed. 

The energy can load to electrons by accelerating it by using the gravity energy of the black hole. So there are required two satellites, which are shooting electrons to parabolic trajectory near the singularity. The gravity field will accelerate the speed of those particles and that will increase the energy of the electrons.

When the electrons are traveled past the black hole the other satellite will receive them and release their energy to the electric systems. The electricity will transmit by using maser-transmission to the users. 

But also the magnetic field can benefit for energy production.

We must remember that black holes are also repelling objects and that repel is the reason for the powerful magnetic fields of the black hole. So if positive particles are shot near the black holes north pole the magnetic field can push the particles back.  

The black hole is surrounded by an extremely powerful magnetic field, which can use as "negative energy". That means a black hole is a polar particle. If we are shooting protons to the north pole of the black hole and electrons to the black holes south pole, the magnetic field will push those particles back to the shooter. And during that journey, the particles will be loaded by the powerful radiation, that surrounds every single black hole. So this is one way to benefit the power of black holes. 

Another way is to create an artificial black hole or travel to the black hole and turn its transition disk into an energy source. The energy can collect from the transition disk by using solar panels. But the transition disk around black holes has one quality, that nobody ever mentions. The transition disk can turn to negative energy. 

The intensive heat in that the material disk around black holes causing that the radiation from the disk is throwing particles away from it. The material disk of the black holes can benefit energy production in the other way. 

The particles like protons or electrons can just shoot to the transition disk, and then it will push them back. The radiation that comes out of the disk will load the particles with energy. Or otherwise, there is the possibility to use the magnetic field of the black hole itself. As I wrote earlier. 

https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/energy/a35276127/harnessing-energy-from-black-holes/

What is dark matter? (Is it WIMP (Weakly Interacting Massive Particle) and axion?)

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What is dark matter? (Is it WIMP (Weakly Interacting Massive Particle) and axion?)

Most of the universe forms dark matter. And that term means material that has no visible electromagnetic interaction. There could be also electromagnetic interaction, but that interaction is too weak for observing. So that means the dark matter is "dark". We cannot notice that material. 

Or material that interacts only with gravity. Researchers are thinking that dark matter could form by WIMP (Weakly Interactive Massive Particle) or axions. WIMP is hypothetical the weakly interactive particle, whose mass is 1-1000 times more than a proton. 

And the axion is another hypothetical particle that has a mass of about one trillionth of the electron. The problem is the form of those particles. What they are looking like? If we are closing that problem by using Superstring theory as the modeling tool we can try to explain the form of the hypothetical particles of dark matter. 

The idea is that energy and material are forming of the 1-dimension superstrings. And the axions are the particles, that are remainings of the Big Bang. Maybe axions were formed just after Big Bang when the energy level was too high that the wave movement could condense to the particles that have the form what we know as material. 

We can say that hypothetical  WIMPs are "only" longer superstrings than other particles. In that case. The "open superstring" causes that the WIMP cannot react with other particles. "Open superstring" means that the particle is looking like the rubber band. And that thing causes that there is no electromagnetic field around it.

Normally particles are interacting with their quantum field. The quantum field is the extremely small electromagnetic field that surrounds the particle. So in the case of WIMP, the form of the particles causing that the quantum field cannot form.

Or in the case of the axion, the touching layer of that particle is so small that we cannot see the reaction. In the case of the axion. The particle would be so small, that it cannot notice. So the interaction happens, but it happens in so small area, that it cannot affect larger particles alone. If there is a large mass of axions the same way as WIMPs. That mass would interact with other material with the gravity field.

If the mass of the axion is one-trillionth of the electron it cannot cause any kind of electromagnetic reaction with electrons that are so massive in comparison with axion, that the electron doesn't even stir. Or axion just goes through the electron by pushing the superstring away from it. The small size of the axion means that when it hits electrons or some electromagnetic field. It just travels through that field. 

The thing that we are calling the observation causes normally that some particle hits the electron or some subatomic particle like quarks. That impact causes the electron or quark will send the photon or some other particle, and the observation happens by that particle. But because the mass or the size of the axion would be so small, it cannot cause the change to the trajectory of electron what means that there is photons release. 

In the case of WIMP, "the open superstring" causes that the other particles are traveling through WIMP, and that thing denies the interaction. So maybe that kind of thing can prove in the distant future. 

"Open superstrings" and the dark energy (Can we someday benefit the "dark energy"?)

If we are thinking about the WIMP as the "open superstring" that just cannot rotate, we are facing one interesting possibility. There is the possibility that the form of WIMP is causing that this particle has no quantum electric field. The electromagnetic field requires that the particle would rotate. 

So can we sometimes benefit from dark energy? Theoretically, dark energy is the wave movement, which is sent by the "flapping open superstrings". When the form of the superstring is chancing it sends the wave movement that has only a different frequency with other electromagnetic radiation. 

And if we could someday find out that frequency, we would have an unlimited energy source. The thing that we must just make is the antenna. Which captures the wave movement of dark energy. But the problem is that we should know the frequency of that strange wave movement for benefitting it. 

Sources:

https://scitechdaily.com/science-made-simple-what-is-dark-matter/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstring_theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particles

The alien civilizations and the "Great Wall of China paradox".

The alien civilizations and the "Great Wall of China paradox".

If we are thinking about the technical civilizations and the civilization's ability to make technical products like spacecraft. We must understand that intelligence alone doesn't make any product. The species require the motivation and ability to think abstractly for creating technology. Technology requires the ability to make research and development work for making successful technical solutions. So what if the civilization is all alone in the universe? 

The Great Wall of China paradox means that the species is so isolated, that it would not even see other planets? What if that species will not see even astroids what means they don't need to afraid of cosmic catastrophes. What if on that hypothetical paradise planet will not happen any extinctions on that planet? Would that make it possible that the civilization has a lack of motivation for creating effective space technology?

What if it lives on the rocky Earth-like planet what is the only orbiter of its sun? There is a moon orbiting that planet, but the nearest planetary system would be hundreds of light-years away from that planet? What kind of research systems that civilization would have? The thing that motivated researchers on Earth was that whenever they looked by using their equipment.

They always found something new and interesting things. And that motivation made the human race make our instruments like telescopes, probes, and artificial intelligence. The motivation has risen from the images, that telescopes show to researchers. Things like the blue color of planet Neptune made researchers curious, and they send probes to find out, what was different in those worlds. 

The Drake equation

One of the most interesting things about the SETI program is Drake's equation: 

(Wikipedia, The Drake Equation)

The point fi = the fraction of planets with life that have proven go on to develop intelligent life (civilizations) has one paradox. The only known intelligent civilization is human civilization.  The Drake equation has brought the idea that the "firstborn civilization" destroys its competitors. 

But the fact is that the model where firstborn civilization will destroy other intelligent lifeform is the thing that would flat the innovation and need for technological advantage. In that form, the civilization would face only thoughts that are supporting it. And this thing is bad for innovation. The innovation requires a flexible and open way to think.

When we are thinking about the lone but intelligent civilizations we must remember what happened to China when it was isolated behind The Great Wall of China. The technical advantage in China ended. And Europeans met the feodal society, what weapons were from the medieval period. So the isolation of the civilization can cause that there is no motivation for creating technology. And the civilization with no competitors might be intelligent, but they don't do a thing with their brains. 

When the species create something that thing requires the model and ability to make the new things. So the species itself can be too perfect, that it would not seem necessary to make things like spacecraft. 

The form of intelligent species might determine can it even make a house. There are theoretical models that the species could be the neural network, with trillions of neurons. But the species would be alone on its home planet. Why it would make spacecraft? And could that neural structure even make spacecraft? What if there is not another species on the planet and the neural structure can create the sugars straight from minerals? That thing means that the species would have no ability to make the technical systems. 

The new plasma-ion rocket can have the extremely punch and specific impulse using ultra-hot plasma created in a fusion reactor.

   

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The new plasma-ion rocket can have the extremely punch and specific impulse using ultra-hot plasma created in a fusion reactor. 

The new ion thruster uses high-temperature plasma for accelerating spacecraft. By hybridizing the fusion rocket and ion rocket. Researchers can make a thruster that can also give a great punch and specific impulse. The form of the system is simple. The exhaust gas of the fusion reactor will accelerate with a magnetic accelerator to an enormous speed. The temperature in the fusion reactor is rising very high, and that thing turns the exhaust gas into plasma. 

The new plasma-ion thruster will use both the single particles and glips of the particles for giving thrust for the rocket. The ordinary ion thruster has one little problem. Their thrust is very weak, and the new plasma-ion engines can fix that problem, and make the interplanetary travel more comfortable because the acceleration of the craft requires a shorter time than use the traditional ion engines. 

The dream to increase the punch of the ion engines is an interesting thing. One of the solutions is to pump the ion flow in the middle of the accelerator. If the ions are plus and minus polarity, the other ions would go backward and other forward. 

So if the forward traveling ions will impact the walls of some chamber or the solar sail. That will increase the thrust. So that kind of ion engines can use also for the brake. The plate ahead of the ion channel will turn to the side, and then the ion thruster will start to push forward. 

The ion engines are interesting tools because they can operate by using the ions, and the ion source has no matter. And if there are other mark ions in the ion engines. That thing would cause that the other mark of ions would travel to the opposite side. 

The use of ion engines in ships

The movie "The Hunt For the Red October" is introduced the submarine which uses ion thruster. The system will pull the ions of the water through the tube, and that kind of system is known as the MHD (Magneto HydroDynamic Drive). MHD is the particle accelerator that is driving ions of the water backward. The WARP-drive is similar to MHD, and that kind of system can make small-size midget submarines fly if there is enough power to use. 

Because there are no propellers needed in that submarine. The MHD makes it very fast and silent. The MHD-drive can install between the body of the catamaran. And this kind of system makes it possible to make a fast and silent warship.

But the thing in the MHD is that the same type of engines can use to fly. In some visions, the very large spacecraft can accelerate underwater by using MHD, and then that craft can rise airborne. And then the same engine can rise that kind of spacecraft to travel in the solar system. Maybe that kind of thing is real in the future. WARP engine that pulls ions through the acceleration tube is one of the models of the MHD. When we are talking about using the MHD in that kind of thing we should start to talk MDD, which means magneto dynamic drive. 

https://scitechdaily.com/new-rocket-thruster-concept-exploits-the-mechanism-behind-solar-flares/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_thruster

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetohydrodynamic_drive

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warp_drive

https://www.wired.com/story/the-magnetohydrodynamic-drive-is-realand-you-can-build-one/

Image I: https://scitechdaily.com/new-rocket-thruster-concept-exploits-the-mechanism-behind-solar-flares/

Nanobubbles (Part II)

Nanobubbles (Part II)

Nanobubbles are turning liquid into solid. But the method that makes that material fundamental is not often mentioning. The idea in nanobubbles is that the liquid is filled with nanometer-class bubbles. The surface tension between the bubbles is turning material to solid. 

In theory, the nanobubbles can turn even water into a solid structure. If the nanobubbles can create enough in a short period. If some robot has a system, that is using nanobubbles in the tanks it could create similar blades with T-1000 in the movie terminator. 

The nanofoam can be used to make the hard layer, which is easy to change. If those bubbles are filled with carbon dioxide that layer can push out the fire. Or the layer can replace very easily. The nanofoam will turn back to liquid or powder, and then it can be away. Then another layer can spray over that layer. 

The nanobubbles are forming nanofoam. The nanofoam can be organic- or non-organic. And by using non-organic materials, the nanofoam can use to make the repairing for the layers that must stand the heat, and repaired very fast. The system can repair the damages of the outer layer of the aircraft by conducting non-organic nanofoam to the holes and that thing makes it possible to create the fundamental repairing systems. 

Things like soap, syrup, and many other more viscous material is quite easy to turn solid. By using nanobubbles. The thing that makes nanobubbles interesting is that the thing that affects the material are the bubbles. And that allows using things like outdated syrup or slime of bacteria for creating layers that can carry in tanks. And turn to their form in the place where the material is planned to use. When the structures have been removed the things like sound-effect will break the surface friction and turn the material back to liquid or dust. 

https://kimmoswritings.blogspot.com/2021/01/the-laser-can-create-miniaturized.html

The form of the network is the chaos and order at the same time.

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The form of the network is the chaos and order at the same time.

Frankenstein of order can transform the model of sociology. 

Frankenstein of order means the system, what is in order and disorder at the same time. When we are thinking about the network structures one of the most interesting things is that they can be chaotic and order at the same time. The quantum structures can be chaotic and order at the same time because the atoms in one dimension layer are seeming to be in line if we are seeing that structure at the side of that structure. When we are looking at that structure from above. The particles are seeming to be in a random position on the layer. 

So the particles can be in order but also in the turbulent or random positions when they are on the layer. The thing that makes that quantum phenomenon interesting is that we can transform it straight into sociology. When we are looking at things like groups of people from the same layer, we can think that people are nice in the line or row. But when we are going farther and above that layer. We are seeing the disorder of the same structure. The position of regular people is random, and everywhere seems to be chaos. So one dimension network is always chaos and order at the same time. 

Social media is one example of a social "Frankenstein of the order" or the system which is same time chaotic and order. Lack of leaders is the thing, that makes that kind of system hard to control by authorities.

If people seem to be in order, the image that comes from above might show the one-dimensional disorder. And that is the common thing in social networks. Those networks might look like led by leaders but the reality is that they are chaotic and independently-drifting systems without straight leaders. 

People make one mistake with social media. When they are trying to affect social media is that they are trying to effect chaos. They are looking for leaders and people who have leadership, and then try to make the leaders pull the people away from that world. The idea of social media is simple. Normal people can publish things, what they are writing. 

The network of people is always a hybrid system with the system that has leaders. And the same time the network-based system is a system that is drifting without leaders. So there are rings, which are controlled by leaders but also independent operators.

Because there are always many actors with different bases and backgrounds. That makes this type of system hard to manipulate because the manipulation is not coming from inside.  So if somebody pushes the chaotic network moving that system is hard to stop. Every actor in that group must make their own decisions and that makes it hard to control. 

And the thing is that the hobby of those people is publishing. This is the thing, that makes social media unstable and also a very complicated tool is that the people who are hanging or working there have many different motivations for making their publishings. Those people might be unsocial, but who determines the word "unsocial". Maybe they have problems communicating with other people. 

Or maybe they are like air to their group. But the problem with social media is that there are no leaders that are controlling other people. Normally the authority will take the contact to the group's simple way. That happens by calling its leader to discuss the things. The problem is that nobody controls social media, and even if something has been made up there are always people who are not accepting or know about that settle. And that means nobody controls things that are written or otherways published in the social network. 

https://scitechdaily.com/a-frankenstein-of-order-and-chaos-researchers-discover-a-hybrid-quantum-system/

Image I: https://threatpost.com/defending-intelligent-edge-evolving-attacks/162172/

Network-based social structures are hard to control

 

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Network-based social structures are hard to control

If demonstrations or protests are called to places by using social media. The number of people grows in who get the message will increase very fast. The thing called the fall of communist governments caused that the demonstrations grow too fast. And the reason for that was the SMS messages, which traveled from the phone to the phone. 

So in the early 1990s, social media was a primitive thing, but today more advanced, complicated, and diverse platforms allow that film and photographs can also share on those platforms. But modern social media makes people collect together to see what other people are publishing, and that thing makes them a very powerful tool for share information with large groups of people. And demonstration calls are also information. 

Social media has created a new type of political force that is based on network-based architecture. That thing means that people who have similar political objectives are coming together. But the thing that makes this type of network-based structure different from the political effects are been before is that those networks have not a single or remarkable leader and they might not even have a common ideology. 

The only thing, that makes those people working together is the purpose, which might be just to change the government. This is the thing, that makes it the police difficult to resist that kind of opposition. The traditional opposition is working from the principle that the people are associated with some strong leader. 

And then the demonstrations begin. Things like Al Queda and Taliban with other terror organizations are shown how difficult is to control the network-based organization. The Al Quaeda and Taliban are not regular military actors. They are networks that are hiding in cities, and then suddenly those people are starting to act. 

Even the fight against that kind of organization is won on the battlefield, there are small cells, that can continue their actions. And those organizations are terrorists, and attacks against terrorists are justified. But what if those organizations didn't use violence? Would the shooting of those people justified in that kind of case? 

When the side, that has less firepower starts the fight against dominating enemy. The weaker side will make the favor the more powerful enemy. The use of violence will justify the use of superior firepower. And sometimes I wonder, what could happen if somebody if the demonstrations, what caused the collapse of communism were violent. That would justify the use of deadly force against the demonstrators and protesters. 

When socialism collapsed in the 1990s the reason for that was the demonstrations, which could not be controlled. The problem with riot police is that those law-enforcement and paramilitary forces are not prepared for non-violent demonstrations. Police or military are prepared for the situations that somebody shoots them. But the main thing is that by using social media the network of people can call thousands of their supporters to the place. If the people are getting the message, they are starting to share that with their social network, and then the number of people will start to rise very fast. 

The reason why those demonstrations or riots just continued was that the people called to place. By using the SMS-messages. And that caused that all over the nations formed the network. The situation just escapes from the hands of the organizer. And the police couldn't control the situation. 

After that, the government starts the discussions with that leader, what is guarantee the contracts. But the thing is that the network-based campaigns are problematic because no leader can discuss for the people. That means that the other name for network-based demonstrations is chaos. Because there are no leaders the system will start to grow. Everybody who has something against the people who are standing against them can come to a place, where they start the demonstration.