The future of interstellar spacecraft.

  

The future of interstellar spacecraft. 

The interstellar spacecraft might not come to practice very soon. But the fact is that theoretical research. Along with careful missions is opening the road to the interstellar journey. And maybe the time of that mission will come in 200-300 years. The fact is that nobody knows when we are ready to travel to the other solar system. When we remember history many things have been "impossible".  

The Chinese knew how to make gunpowder rockets in the 200s(1). And the Russian Konstantin Tsiolkovsky(2)(1857-1935) created theoretical research with rocketry and spaceflight in the 19th century. The thing is that things like interplanetary spaceflights. And space elevators(3) are also invented by Konstantin Tsilkovsky. 

Image 2: Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (1857-1935)

That man is called "the Father of the spaceflight". Tsiolkovsky also created research and articles about "lighter than air aviation". There was a rumor that Tsiolkovsky created an idea to use the hydrogen balloon or high-flying airship to carry space rockets to the high altitude. And then launch that rocket to the orbiter or sub-orbiting trajectory. 

The hydrogen balloon can lift the rocket to an altitude of 30 kilometers. And that thing could make it possible to launch smaller rockets to the orbiter. But for some reason, that plan remained at the theoretical level. And that reason could be bureaucracy. 

The thing is that technology advances all the time. And maybe the advancing of technology is faster than we think. The thing is that the first interstellar mission might become reality sooner than we expect. The thing is that the theory is the first step for making dreams real. And modern scientists have more advanced tools and experience than Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. 

But there are many things. What that man invented and what remains at the theoretical level. One of his greatest ideas is the space elevator. That giant structure that uses the centripetal force of the Earth is ever created in practice.  

Image 3: The Daedalus and Saturn V comparison

The British Interplanetary Society. And theoretical Project Daedalus(3) and its improvements. 

There are a couple of theoretical concepts for interstellar spacecraft. All of those concepts are probes. And the carefully made steps will open the road for successful manned interstellar missions far away in the future. But the first interstellar concepts would be more primitive than some SciFi spacecraft that travels across the galaxy in a couple of weeks. 

In the 1970s the British interplanetary society created Daedalus. Theoretical spacecraft. That could travel to Barnard's star. Daedalus planned to use thermonuclear detonations for reaching that distant star. In the updated version the Daedalus uses antimatter. 

When Daedalus closes the objective of its mission. That craft will create antimatter by using an antimatter generator. The antimatter would be created by benefiting the solar wind which impacts the gold leaf. That thing turns those particles into antimatter. That thing makes it possible that Daedalus II could bring samples from the solar system where it visits. 

NASA has created an idea of "Project Longshot" (4) which is quite similar to Daedalus. As I earlier wrote the both of those theoretical crafts are unmanned. So there are no worries about the lifetime of astronauts. But of course, there is the possibility that the theoretical interstellar probe is forgotten if there is some kind of other problems on Earth.  But the time of that craft will be far away in the future. 

(1)http://en.chinaculture.org/created/2005-07/21/content_70826.htm

(2)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Tsiolkovsky

(3)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_elevator

(4)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Daedalus

(5)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Longshot

Image 1: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Tsiolkovsky

Image 2: Pinterest

https://interestandinnovation.blogspot.com/

The internet has been made many things safer. But it's a dangerous place.

Students are told not to use Wikipedia in research, but it's trustworthy. Says the article in "The Conversation". The link to the article is here. But you can see the URL below this text. 

The prohibition of using Wikipedia as a source for research is one of the most interesting questions in the studies. In normal cases the Wikipedia is trustworthy. And some people are saying that the purpose of that prohibition is to make work more difficult than it is. 

The thing is that Wikipedia is trustworthy in the cases like computing and natural sciences. But there are also problems with the things like selecting sources for the works in the modern world. Things like books are good sources if they are confirmed. But the fact is that during the time of the internet the printed information might be old. 

When books are coming to bookstores they might handle the old-fashion information. And that thing is visible in the most intensive areas like computing. The things that people are used to doing might turn old-fashion in a very short period. The fast advantages in the programming architecture and operating systems are making some well-known methods old-fashion. 

Let's take one example. In the past, data security was the area, where only a couple of operators worked. Their mission was to deny the hacking. And in old good times, hackers just called the phone calls. But today the fixed data connections are making the internet more secure. 

If we are taking the point of view from the coding and programs. The firewalls are blocking the normal malicious code like echoing the formatting command from operating systems. The artificial intelligence-based firewalls are searching the source code of the data packages. 

But the risks are turned to social media. People can share data that should not share. Things like images of firearms and memberships of the shooting clubs can cause burglaries because criminals want that kind of stuff. And also things like papers that are forgotten to table and where is passwords can cause problems for data security. If criminals are zooming those images. 

They can get the passwords for the targeted systems. Also, things like hidden surveillance cameras can uncover data from the screens. One of the examples of that kind of thing is uncovering the Russian "Status-6" "Kanyon" torpedo with 100 mt. warhead. The papers that were visible on the camera allowed western actors to isolate the diagrams of that system by using the zoom of the graphics program. 

When the organization faces data crime the first thing is to report that to authorities. And of course, that report can also give to the media. That allows that all people know that there was a security leak. And they know how to handle the situation. And when the data security has been broken or dangered. That thing should cause discussions about the topics: "what should we do otherwise that this would not happen again". 

That kind of thing is called physical hacking. The workers should dare to report the people who are asking strange questions. Or bar evenings where the "film is cut". That thing can tell that somebody is trying to steal data from the system by asking for passwords. And also family members should tell if they get strange phone calls or somebody asks about things like when parents are at work. 

The mainframe of the hacking is turning to social hacking. In the worst-case criminals are taking hostages for blackmailing key persons.  The hacker would send the probe like E-mail or text message for asking passwords. That means the mobile telephone or the captured Email of the boss would open the road to the system. 

Or otherwise, hackers might try to cheat or blackmail people give passwords and access to the system. One version is to stun a person by using chloroform. And then the Sodium Amytal would force the person to give passwords. 

In another version, the data criminals use the zombie poison (Tetrodotoxin) to order their victims to transfer money to their accounts.  The thing in data security is the "open attitude". If something is tried to affect the person that person should dare to tell that thing. If the hackers are stolen data the first action is to confess that thing. Hiding the information-stealing is the worst thing, that people can do. 

https://theconversation.com/students-are-told-not-to-use-wikipedia-for-research-but-its-a-trustworthy-source-168834

https://networkedinternet.blogspot.com/

Photocatalysis: the proton transfer between titania surface and dye observed

"When the titania and the dye adsorbed on its surface are irradiated with a femtosecond pulsed laser proton transfer from the dye molecules to the titania surface, the fluorescence of the deprotonated dye is observed. Credit: Reprinted with permission from J. Phys. Chem. C, 2021, 125, 40. 21803-22396 (Supplementary Cover). Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society."(https://scitechdaily.com/photocatalysis-evaluation-proton-transfer-between-titania-surface-and-dye-observed/)

Today there was an article in the SciTech Daily about the protonic interaction between the titania layer and dye offered to make the new type of solar panels. In image two is the diagram of that kind of interaction. The thing is that increasing the number of protons on the layer. That thing increases the electronegativity of the layer. And that thing increases the flow of electrons. 

But the proton interaction offers to make many other things than just create electricity. Increasing the electronegativity would increase the speed of electrons when they hit the anode. And that thing makes some electric systems more powerful. This kind of system is making it possible to create a new type of switch for miniature microchips.

X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X

The description of the proton-titania interaction from ScitechDaily goes like this: 

"When the titania surface and the dye adsorbed on its surface are irradiated with ultraviolet light. The proton transfer occurs from the excited states of the dye molecules to the titania surface where basic hydroxyl groups are generated". 

"And fluorescence is observed from the excited states of the deprotonated dye. Credit: Reprinted with permission from J. Phys. Chem. C, 2021, 125, 40. 21958–21963. Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society". (Image and text Source: https://scitechdaily.com/photocatalysis-evaluation-proton-transfer-between-titania-surface-and-dye-observed/

X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X

That phenomenon can use to control nanomachines.

The interaction between the titania layer and protons happens by using the fluorescence molecule. The radiation from the fluorescence molecules is pushing protons from the other molecule to the titania layer. And that thing allows creating the new type of remote controllers that can use to control nanomachines. All fluorescence is not happening by the UV light. That effect is possible with all wavelengths of the spectrum. And by benefiting from many EM wavelengths is possible to make the new multi-channel remote-control system that can use in the nanomachines and electric components. 

When we are thinking about the system that controls some nanomachines the fluorescence molecules are the perfect tools for delivering signals for the control systems. When the machine would want to turn let's say to right the system can use fluorescence molecule that reacts to infrared light. 

And when the nanorobot wanted to turn left the system might use a fluorescence molecule that reacts to the UV light. The fluorescence molecule will send the radiation to the photovoltaic cells that are inducting the electricity to the control system of the nanomachines. 

If we want to make a nano-submarine that can travel in the human body we need four types of fluorescence molecules. And those molecules must react to different wavelengths of radiation. Four molecules with different wavelengths allow to turn submarine to four directions. Left, right, up, and down. And the system can be controlled by catheter where are the UV and other light LED:s. 

The electric power for the submarine can deliver by using radio waves. Also, other types of equipment can control by using light and fluorescence molecules. That system can use to deliver medicines to the right point of the body. Or that kind of submarine can drill the blood veins open in the cases of blockages. 

Sources:

https://scitechdaily.com/photocatalysis-evaluation-proton-transfer-between-titania-surface-and-dye-observed/

https://interestandinnovation.blogspot.com/

Fusion power is far away in the future.

Image: Pinterest

Originally, the image above this text portrayed a donut-shaped space station called "Stanford torus". But it can also portray the donut-shaped power satellite, that uses the "Tokamak-type" nuclear reactor. This type of power station could deliver energy to the futuristic space stations that orbit Jupiter and other planets in the distant future. 

The power satellites or zero-gravity conditions can solve some of the problems of the fusion reactor. The zero-gravity conditions are making it easier to control the high-energetic plasma. That orbits in the donut-shaped reactor. 

At the beginning of this text, I must write about one of the most futuristic solutions for energy production. That thing is the energy satellites. The giant power stations that are orbiting Earth and deliver energy to the ground by using radio, laser rays, or targeted microwaves. The problem with those satellites is that they are easy to turn to weapons. And powerful microwaves or laser rays can turn the city to ash. 

Another problem with that kind of power station is that their size is extremely big. If we want to make the solar-power satellites that are delivering energy to the entire Earth. The size of the solar panels would be enormous. Of course, there would be a large group of those satellites but the project would be enormous. 

The power satellites can equip with a fusion reactor. That thing can position far away from Earth and in the case of accidents that don't danger things on earth. The fusion system requires large wings. Ahat can shine the thermal radiation to the space. Also, if the power satellites are equipped also with solar panels that thing can also use solar energy. 

Originally the idea of the orbiting nuclear power plants introduces to use of fission reactors. The idea was that nuclear power plants are orbiting the moon, and in the case of accidents the radioactive debris would drop to the moon. 

There is introduced an idea to make the hybrid system, where the microbes are producing methane.  The orbiting power stations don't always need nuclear reactors. Also, conventional fuels can use. 

Methane is useful for the turbines that are in those satellites. That methane production system was originally made for Mars crafts and Mars stations. But it can use also in orbiting power stations. And the hybrid system where the solar power can connect with methane turbines or fuel cells can make those satellites smaller. 

The idea of the system can base the idea that the exhaust gases will travel through filters where oxygen is separated and reused in the methane burning system. That kind of system can also use at asteroid belts and deep space missions. 

https://scitechdaily.com/using-microbes-to-make-martian-rocket-biofuel-on-mars/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space-based_solar_power

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_torus

The problem with fusion energy is the intensive heat. 

In the fusion system, the temperature is billions of degrees of celsius. That means controlling that system is extremely difficult. There is the possibility. In the case of problems, the control system doesn't have enough time to cut the fuel transfer in the system. And that can cause an explosion. Also if the plasma with billions of celsius would be released in nature that thing can destroy large areas around that leak. 

In the fusion reactors, the high-temperature plasma is hovering in the donut-shaped chamber where the magnetic field is pushing it away from the walls. And even a short-term touch with the wall of the chamber can cause that the plasma will impact with air. The temperature of that plasma is higher than in the nucleus of the sun. 

And that means it's extremely dangerous even without radioactive radiation. The thermal impact would be destructive. There is the possibility that the infrared radiation from the plasma is pushed back by using counter-radiation. But those systems are extremely futuristic. 

https://www.sciencefocus.com/future-technology/fusion-power-future/

Image:https://interestingengineering.com/the-tokamak-reactors-and-how-they-influence-nuclear-fusion

https://visionsofbrightfuture.blogspot.com/

The mixed reality is a powerful tool for many things.

The idea of mixed reality is that this kind of system can combine the real world with VR (Virtual Reality). The simplest idea is to make the robot that sends things what it senses to the controller. The robot's eyes would be the camera systems that are connected remotely to the VR glasses. 

The ears of the robot are microphones. And they are sending data to the gamer's headset. The touch sense is the pressure detector that sends the feel of touch to the data gloves. Then the operator can interact with the physical robot.

And that thing allows making safely many things that are very risky for the people. If we are thinking about the cases like nuclear accidents. And sadly battlefields those robots can use many types of communication systems. If the robot is inside the powerful electromagnetic field that can close the radio communication it can change to use laser-led for sharing data. 

There are many types of interfaces that allow robots to operate very effectively. Those systems might be all-time interactive. That system requires non-stop guiding. But there are also learning systems that are making it possible to teach things to robots. In that process, the operators can use the virtual characters. That means the system would look like a computer game. 

Those kinds of systems are things that are recording the actions that the operators are doing. When the operator is made the action the system asks if the operator is satisfied. And of person is satisfied that thing stores those movements and other actions in the system's database.  

The things that are stored in the computer's database determine the skills of the machine. The speech-to-text applications which can dump those texts to the database or interface allow giving spoken orders to the robots. The database can make by using computer-game-type applications. And then the actions that are stored in the database by using the virtual character can download to the robot. 

So the operator can create the necessary action series to the database and then give the name for that action. That word can be "rescue" or "attack". Then the operator can simply give orders to the robot by using the name of that database. If something is forgotten from the action series. Or there is no match in the database for a certain situation. The operator can change to use intensive control like datagloves and joystick. 

https://scitechdaily.com/upgrading-the-space-stations-cold-atom-physics-laboratory-with-mixed-reality/

https://visionsofbrightfuture.blogspot.com/

Could a hypothetical quark star be invisible?

There is the possibility that there are so-called "stealth stars" in the universe

The hypothetical quark star is one of the "should be" objects. But there is no single observation of that type of star. Theoretically, quark stars are the medium between neutron stars and black holes. But why we cannot see that thing? 

Could the reflection that comes from free quarks have a wavelength that we cannot observe? The free quarks will send the radiation that has so short wavelength that we cannot observe that radiation because we have no object that resonates with that thing.

What if radiation comes straight from the surface of quarks? Normally the radiation comes from the quantum fields of atoms or protons and neutrons. But if there are free quarks somewhere in the universe, those quarks would send radiation that has so short wavelength that we cannot see that thing. So does that thing explain, why we have no observations about the hypothetical quark stars? Are those objects sending wavelength that is invisible to us?

Could dark energy mean the radiation that comes straight from the surface of quarks? If naked quarks are sending the radiation. That radiation has a wavelength that is shorter than any other radiation. Normally quarks are in the protons and neutrons. And those objects are sending radiation from their quantum fields. 

But there is the case where the quarks might be free. That case is the quark star. There is the possibility that the quark stars are invisible to us because in those cases the quarks are sending radiation in the wavelength that is the size of quarks. 

The thing that might cause the forming of a stealth star is the case, where the reflection is coming back in the form of a wavelength that is impossible to see. So maybe so-called quark stars have small bubbles of quarks on their surface that make them invisible to the eye.

In that case, the reflection happens with a wavelength that is coming from the frequency of quarks. When radiation hits the quarks they are sending echo as the wavelength that is the same. As the size of those subatomic particles. In normal cases, quarks are in the protons and neutrons. And we can see things like neutron stars. 

The reflection from the neutron stars is coming as the wavelength that is the same as the size of neutrons. But in quark star the quarks are naked. They are without the quantum field and give the reflection as the pure quarks. In a neutron star, the radiation reflection comes from quantum fields that surround neutrons. So if naked quarks are giving reflection or sending radiation that means the wavelength of that radiation would be far shorter than radiation that comes from neutrons. 

The question of planet 9 is causing an interesting theorem. Could that mysterious object that causes the strange gravitational effect to the trajectory of planet Neptune be the fermion or rather saying quark star. 

There is the possibility that the quark stars are invisible because the quarks are sending radiation reflection in a wavelength that is impossible to notice. There is the possibility that quark stars are not smooth. In some theories, the quarks are making the small hills or small bubbles in the surface of the quark stars. And that thing means that the reflection from that surface is coming from an extremely short wavelength. 

There is the possibility that there are so-called "stealth stars" in the universe. In some ideas, extremely heavy objects can surround by the whirl of electrons. Which are pushing photons away from the surface. In some other visions, the halo that is caused by reflecting radiation around quark stars can eliminate the reflection. In that case, the star reflects 100% of radiation in the same direction where that incoming wave movement is coming. 

And in this case, the counter radiation of the object will delete the incoming radiation. So in this idea, the object acts like an active jammer system that denies the echo of the radiation. When the incoming and reflecting radiation with the same wavelengths hit together they are neutralizing each other. 

https://physicsworld.com/a/calculations-point-to-massive-quark-stars/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_star

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_star

Image:https://physicsworld.com/a/calculations-point-to-massive-quark-stars/

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

The man behind quantum physics Max Planck

Max Planck (1858-1947)

German scientist and the father of quantum mechanics Max Planck (1858-1947). In Finnish Wikipedia is claiming that he was baptized as  "Marx".  (2)But he used the name "Max" all his life. But history knows that man as Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck. 

It is suspicious that the name "Marx" was the trick. Which mission was to deny the Nazis to make contact with that man. And the thing is that this man lived an unhappy life because all his children died before him. So the life of that man was not very happy. 

His first son and the only child saw adulthood executed by Gestapo in 1945. Because he was involved in the  July 20 conspiracy against Adolph Hitler. Another interesting detail in this man's life was that his home was destroyed by an allied air raid in 1944. 

The notes of that remarkable man were also destroyed in that incident.  Max Planck died at the age of 89 in the year 1947. And there is no physical merchandise that proved to belong to that man. So there is hard to get DNA analysis of the cells of Max Planck and by using that data could be possible to track the descendants of that family. In Germany, there is a "Max Planck institute that carries the name of that man who invented quantum theory. 

(1)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck

(2)https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck

Planck and the theorem of the black ball

The idea of a black hole has the origin of the black ball theorem. What if the object absorbs all energy and wave movement that impacts it? The energy level of the black ball rises until the energy will break out from the ball. The idea is that when the energy level of objects is increasing. The oscillation in particles that are forming the ball is increasing. The power of the quantum fields around them is rising higher and higher. 

Until the expanding quantum field of those particles pushes particles. And they will fly out of the structure. If that thing will not happen the weight of the particles is rising and then sooner or later the particle will turn into a black hole. When the weight of the particles is rising high enough it drops out from the universe forming the black hole. 

The Planck's mirror ball

If there is a ball whose inner layer will have 100% reflection and researchers conduct light. That thing increases the energy level in the ball. If the ball cannot conduct energy somewhere. That thing causes destruction. 

If the layer would not absorb energy or photons the level of the energy rises in the ball. The rising energy will push the layers of the ball outside. And then that thing causes the explosion. The fact is that the level of energy cannot rise forever. Or the structure of the ball will be destroyed or there is forming the black hole inside the ball. 

https://visionsofbrightfuture.blogspot.com/

New artificial intelligence learns by using the "cause and effect" methodology.

Image I

The cause and effect methodology means the AI tests simultaneously the models that are stored in its memory. And when some model fits a case that the AI must solve, the AI stores that model to other similar cases. And in that case, the AI finds a suitable solution for things that it must solve. It selects the way to act that is most suitable for it. The most beneficial case means that the system uses minimum force for reaching the goal. 

The "cause and effect method" in the case that the AI-controlled robot will open the door might be that the first robot is searching marks about things that help to determine which way the door is opening. Then the robot first just pulls the door and turns the handle. Then the robot tries the same thing but it pushes the door. Then the robot can note that the door is locked and find another way to get in. 

But if a robot must get in it might have a circular programming architecture. If the robot cannot open the door by using the methods that are found in the first circle. It will step to the next level and use more force. And then the robot will try to kick the door in or some other way to break it. The idea is that robot always uses minimum force. But the problem is how to determine the case. The robot is allowed to do in cases that it faces the door. 

There are cases where the cause and effect methodology is not suitable. If the alone operating robot would be on ice it cannot test the strength of the ice. But if the robot group is operating under the control of the same AI which operates them as an entirety the system might use the cause and effect methodology. 

There is the possibility that artificial intelligence is located in the computer center. And it can operate radio-controlled cars by using the remote control. So the moving robots are dummies and work under the control of the central computer. There is the possibility that this kind of robot system is someday sent to another planet. 

Image II: 

The model of the large robot groups is taken from ants. The ants are moving robots. And anthills are the central computer of the entirety. 

The cause and effect methodology would be suitable for the groups of simple robots that are operating under the same AI. Those cheap and simple moving robots are easy to replace if they are damaged. And the AI that operates those sub-robots can be at the computer center and control those robots by using regular data remote-control systems. 

The supercomputer that drives AI would be at different capsule or orbiting trajectories. And the simple robot cars are operating on the ground. The system might have two stages. At the first stage. The main computer that orbits the planet will send the instructions to the ground-based computers. Those are in the landing capsules. And then those capsules are controlling the robot cars and quadcopters. Keeping the moving robots as simple as possible. Is making it possible to replace destroyed individuals from the group easily. 

The AI sends the robot simultaneously to the route over the icy terrain. And the robot tells all the time its condition. If the ice breaks under it can send the data to its mates about the strength of the ice. Robots are sending information about their location all the time. 

The system knows the last position of the robot. And the strength of the ice can measure by using the last images of that robot. The system knows to avoid the place where ice collapses. And the next robot knows to avoid that place. That thing means that the cause and effect methodology is suitable for large groups of robots where individual robots are not very complicated. 

Artificial intelligence can operate remote-controlled robots. And that means the robots that are forming the group are simple. They might be more remote-control cars than complicated robots. The central computer that is operating the entirety is intelligent. The reason why those robots have only necessary sensors is that they are easy to replace. And maybe robot factories can make those robots in the operational area. 

()https://scitechdaily.com/ai-that-can-learn-cause-and-effect-these-neural-networks-know-what-theyre-doing/

Image I: https://scitechdaily.com/ai-that-can-learn-cause-and-effect-these-neural-networks-know-what-theyre-doing/

Image II: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/AntsStitchingLeave.jpg/800px-AntsStitchingLeave.jpg

https://visionsofbrightfuture.blogspot.com/

Skyrmions are an interesting phenomenon. (Skyrmion part II)

The question is: what makes that electromagnetic whirl called skyrmion? Could skyrmion form around some kind of quantum wire or quantum string?

Skyrmions are virtual particles. They are short-living electromagnetic fields rather than particles. They can form complicated but short-living structures. 

The form of skyrmions is interesting. Those things are like some kind of electromagnetic whirls. And there is a theory that skyrmions are the medium between particles and wave movement. The thing that makes skyrmion the virtual particle is that it seems like some kind of quantum hurricane. The skyrmions are made in the stable quantum fog called Bose-Einstein condensate. The quantum fog is frozen at the temperature of zero kelvin. 

There is the possibility that skyrmion is like serpentine which turns to ball-shaped wave movement when it travels in the middle of the frozen quantum gas. The particles of the gas are turning the wave movement to the form of the ball. And that thing can explain the phenomenon called ball lightning. Theoretically, ball lightning is an electric phenomenon that acts like the snake which hunts its tail in the ball-shaped power field.

Is there some kind of object that forms skyrmion around it?

But then we might think that all skyrmions are not similar. Maybe 2D skyrmions are not had the same origin as 3D skyrmions. Even if the 2D skyrmions might look like 3D skyrmions they might be different phenomena. There is the possibility that skyrmions are forming around some kind of string. In that model, the electromagnetic whirl is forming around the electromagnetic stick or quantum wire. 

That string acts as an axle for the power field that remains extremely short time. The reason why some people believe. That there is some kind of quantum axel. That forms skyrmion around it is that the electromagnetic whirl could not form without a nucleus. 

But what is that hypothetical string or quantum axle? There is the possibility that the thing that forms skyrmion around it could be an extremely thin gamma-ray burst (GRB). Or could that thing be the wormhole or Einstein-Rose bridge? The thing that supports this kind of idea is that skyrmion is an extremely short-living phenomenon. In the same way, the GRB is a short-living phenomenon. 

Maybe the future will bring new visions for that phenomenon. The fact is that we can use skyrmions for many purposes like a communication tool. It can use as a short-term hard disk or mass memory in computers. If system stores highly secured data in RAM disk. That is made by using skyrmions. That thing means that when energy pumping ends skyrmion and data vanishes immediately. 

Or it can use as a quantum cutter that can cut molecules precisely in the wanted positions. As I wrote recently we don't even know where we can use those short-living phenomena. Skyrmions can be used in fusion reactors and they can offer a solution for extremely high-accurate radiological therapy. But the origin of that phenomenon is partially a mystery. 

https://scitechdaily.com/a-new-family-of-electromagnetic-pulses-skyrmions-can-fly/

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-discover-new-physical-phenomenon-complex-braided-structures-made-of-skyrmions/amp/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyrmion

https://visionsofbrightfuture.blogspot.com/

Image: https://scitechdaily.com/a-new-family-of-electromagnetic-pulses-skyrmions-can-fly/

Thoughts about time dilation

Is time energy?

When the speed of the particle increases the time on it slows. And when the particle reaches the speed of light time stops in it. But slowing the time in particles can be made by simply pumping energy to them. 

Time dilation means that the existence of particles is extended. Sooner or later all particles in the universe are turning to wave movement. The reason for that is they are losing the energy that keeps them in the form of particles. But is wave movement practice. Yeas and no the wave-particle duality means that the material can turn to wave movement. And wave movement can turn to the material form. 

But the wave-particle duality is possible only in the world of elementary particles. The wave movement can crepe to particles like quarks and electrons. But protons and neutrons cannot turn back to the particles because they are groups of particles. 

So existence or lifetime of a particle means the time that protons and neutrons exist in their form. And for quarks and electrons that means the time what they are existing in particle form. Sooner or later they are turning to wave movement. 

Why does kinetic energy slow time in particles? The particle is sometimes sending photons and that thing decreases its mass. When a particle sends a photon it loses its mass and energy. When the speed of the particle is increasing. It will get replacing energy from the quantum fields around it. And that energy is called kinetic energy. When the speed of the particle is decreasing the level of replacing energy decreases. And that increases the loss of mass of that particle in the form of photon or wave movement. 

Time dilation is the energy interaction between the particle and its environment

Time dilation means that time on the particle is slowing. But what does that term mean? It means that the lifetime of the particle is getting longer if it's in a high energetic area. And the reason why fast-moving particles exist longer time is that the kinetic energy is increasing its energy level. And when the speed of the particle is getting lower. That thing decreases the energy that particle gets from its environment. 

So then the amount of energy released by the particle in the form of a wave motion increases. In proportion to the energy that the particle receives from its environment.  Kinetic energy is energy what moving particle gets from the quantum fields of the material of the universe. So in that case the energy transforms to the particle from the environment. And the level of that energy depends on how many quantum fields it can pierce in the time unit. 

The lifetime of the particle can theoretically extend forever by replacing the energy that it delivers while the particle is oscillating by stressing it with the same size radiation dose. So when the particle is delivering a photon the system would put another photon in it. 

When somebody says that time is energy, we might first think that the speaker is someway wrong. But then we might think of the phenomenon called "Time dilation".  When the speed of the particle is rising that thing extends its lifetime. Otherwise, the same thing can be done by pumping the wave movement to the particle. 

That thing is proven in the tests where highly radioactive and short-living radioactive ions are driven in the particle accelerators. And when the speed of particles is decreasing their life is getting shorter. So the thing that extends the lifetime of the particle is the kinetic energy. 

So how we would describe time dilation? That thing is extending the lifetime of particles when they are traveling at high speed. Or their energy level is rising high enough. And when the particle is slowing time on it will start to travel faster or otherwise saying. The lifetime of the particle is getting shorter. 

This thing is called time dilation. As I wrote earlier. That term means that high-energy particles are existing a longer time. Then low energetic particles. Time dilation means that the time is moving slower in fast-moving particles.

 But the thing is that the high-power energy pump to the particles will also cause time dilation. Theoretically, we can make particles live forever by pumping them radiation that replaces the radiation or energy that those particles are delivering in their environment. 

And if we are thinking like that. What causes time dilation. All-time when the particle is higher energetic than its environment. The energy that is stored in the particle is traveling to a lower energetic area. And whenever a particle sends energy. Its mass is getting lower. 

When the speed of the particle is decreasing the energy that it gets in the form of kinetic energy decreases. And the particle loses energy all the time. The lack of renewing energy causes that the mass of the particle will decrease faster in stable particles than moving particles. 

All the time material is losing its mass. That thing happens in the form of radiation which transports energy out from particles. And all time when a particle sends radiation it loses its mass. When the speed of the particle is increasing it gets new energy from movement. When the speed of the particle is decreasing the level of renewing energy is also decreasing. And the particle is starting to lose its mass faster. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_particle

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_dilation

https://visionsofbrightfuture.blogspot.com/

Emulating the human way to think is very difficult. But maybe someday, quantum computers will become more intelligent than humans.

When we think what is the thought about the human way to think. We must remember that making the spontaneously learning computer. It can be made by using a quantum computer. The learning process of the living organism is just connecting the action with the observation. And that thing makes spontaneously learning artificial intelligence harder to make as it should be. In real life, all that we see and feel are causing experience. 

So theoretically, the learning machine must only record everything that it sees. But the problem is how to select things that are important for the individual? If the system records everything that means the databases are growing to enormous size. And that thing makes it hard to control data masses that are stored in the system.

 Even the largest databases have limits. And in the case of artificial intelligence, the databases should be as small as possible. The system makes the network of those databases. So sometimes people are asking why there are so many neurons in our brains. The reason for that is that a large number of neurons are making sure that if one neuron is damaged that minimizes the damage. 

So if we want to simplify that thing. We can make a copy of human brains by using 300 billion databases. And then we must realize that there are no binary computers that can handle that kind of number of databases. But for the quantum computer and especially quantum annealing computers that are forming of the cloud of quantum particles. The capacity of those quantum computers that are using quantum fog as the group of qubits has no limits. 

In those hypothetical computers, the quantum particles like Bose-Einstein condensate, extremely cold fullerene, or neutrons are acting as the neurons in human brains. And the extremely precisely calculated and controlled laser rays are acting as the axons. 

By using the quantum brains there is the possibility to handle that kind of extreme entirety. In quantum brains, the quantum fog is used as the role of the neurons. The extremely cold Bose-Einstein condensate can be used in this kind of role. And the high-accurate laser rays can be used as axons. 

The vibration of the quantum fields around the condensate would play the role of a membrane of the neurons. One of the most interesting versions of quantum fog is the neutron cloud. The neutrons can anchor in stable positions and the extremely small laser rays can make the quantum brains possible. The fullerene molecules can also be used for that purpose. And if that thing is also equipped with the small superconducting mass memories that system can form the most powerful data-handling unit in the universe. 

The size of that kind of system is no limit. And some futurologists are thinking that there could be giant Dyson's spheres somewhere in the universe that can handle the quantum clouds computers that are the size of planetary systems. That kind of system might have the capacity that we cannot ever even imagine. 

https://scitechdaily.com/developing-artificial-intelligence-that-thinks-like-humans/

https://visionsofbrightfuture.blogspot.com/

Even researchers don't know the entire capacity of skyrmions.

"SCHEMATICS OF SPATIAL TOPOLOGICAL STRUCTURES OF MAGNETIC VORTEX RINGS AND SKYRMIONS IN A SUPERTOROIDAL LIGHT PULSE. THE GRAY DOTS AND RINGS MARK THE DISTRIBUTION OF SINGULARITIES (SADDLE POINTS AND VORTEX RINGS) IN THE MAGNETIC FIELD, LARGE PINK ARROWS MARK SELECTIVE MAGNETIC VECTOR DIRECTIONS, AND THE SMALLER COLORED ARROWS SHOW THE SKYRMIONIC STRUCTURES IN THE MAGNETIC FIELD. CREDIT: YIJIE SHEN (2021)" https://scitechdaily.com/a-new-family-of-electromagnetic-pulses-skyrmions-can-fly/

The skyrmions can fly. And they can be the solution for the data transmitting problem between quantum and binary computers. So it's the virtual particle. Because skyrmions can fly. Skyrmion can use to give extremely high accurate energy impacts to the targets. That ability can make it possible to make the high-accurate version of radiation therapy. 

The skyrmion is like a whirling magnetic field that acts like a particle. The form of a skyrmion is the wave movement that is looking like a miniature hurricane. And that thing can be the key to the ball lightning. It is suspicious that ball lightning is a wave movement that is jumping inside the quantum field. In laboratories, skyrmions are made inside the Bose-Einstein condensate. The extremely quantum gas will turn the electromagnetic field to acting like a whirl. 

The skyrmion can use to send data in a safe package over the air. But the problem is that the form of a skyrmion is not stanging for a very long time. The skyrmion can be used to transmit data between quantum and binary computers. The idea is that the skyrmion is acting as the virtual hard disk where data is stored. And then skyrmion will be shot to a voltage meter that determines the state of the qubit. Because skyrmions are destroyed soon after they are created. That thing makes it possible to make an absolute safe data channel between quantum computers and binary computers. 

Normally the data transmitting between quantum and the binary system is made by using electricity (electrons) or radio waves. And that thing makes it possible to put the radio receiver in the border of quantum and binary computers. That thing what can using nanotechnological sensors can risk the data security in quantum computers. If the data travels in the nanotubes. In the form of skyrmions that makes it almost impossible to eavesdrop on those computers. 

Eavesdropping the quantum computer is not possible by using conventional methods. But there is the possibility that biorobots like microchipped ants are putting extremely small-size microchips in binary computers. That is transmitting data between keyboard and quantum computers and the screens and other output devices. 

https://scitechdaily.com/a-new-family-of-electromagnetic-pulses-skyrmions-can-fly/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyrmion

Image: https://scitechdaily.com/a-new-family-of-electromagnetic-pulses-skyrmions-can-fly/

There is theoretically possible to steal data from qubit without a quantum computer that will not detect what happens.

The "mirror-quantum eraser" (opposite operating quantum eraser) would make it possible to break the quantum computer. The system would be almost like a quantum eraser. But it recycles the data through the sensor and then reloads the lost energy back to the qubit. But making that thing is very difficult. 

If somebody would try to download data from qubit the system recognizes that the energy level in the qubit is changed. But if there is some kind of system which can replace the energy. That decreases the download process. That would make it possible to steal data from the qubits without the system recognizing that thing. 

The thing is that there is the possibility to eavesdrop on the quantum computer by putting the sensor that is sniffing the changes of electromagnetic fields. Like the brightness of the laser rays in the channels that are transmitting data in the quantum system. Breaking the qubit is extremely difficult. That thing requires that the receiving system knows the energy levels that are used for making qubits. 

And then the system must just return those states after the information is stored. But there is the possibility that a system like a quantum eraser can just "borrow" the qubit when it copies the data. The system would be like the quantum wire there is pumped exactly right energy level. In that case, the quantum computer would not recognize that the energy level of the qubit is not decreasing while the copying process. 

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

There is the possibility to make the silently hovering craft without any SciFi technology.

Cooling the exhaust gas and closing the sound in the whirl makes it possible to create silent rockets and jet planes. 

When we are thinking of the possibility to make the craft that is hovering silently over the ground. We can simply make the rocket- or jet engine system where the jet is closed in the sonic whirl or the LRAD system will close the exhaust gas inside the pressure wall. In that case, the sound of the exhaust gas cannot get out from that sound wall. And that thing makes it possible that people cannot just hear any sound when they are outside that sound wall. 

The thing that explains why there is no burning effect in the grass. Would be that the exhaust gas will be cooled by using super cold water or gas like liquid nitrogen for cooling that gas. The thing is that by using this kind of system the craft can hover silently over the ground. This kind of virtual antigravitation system can be already in use. 

Closing sound in the sonic whirl or some kind of sound barrier that is made by using the LRAD-system would open a new era of rocketry and aviation. That thing would deny people hearing the noise of the aircraft or rockets. And if the exhaust gas of the rocket engines will be cooled by using liquid gas or Bose-Einstein condensate that thing allows that rockets or aircraft can operate even from the football field. Cooling the exhaust gas of the rocket would make the operations safer. 

And that thing denies things like fire around the rocket base. This kind of simple system what are basing the cooling element can allow. That the VTOL-aircraft can operate from all platforms. This kind of system might be already in use by the special rescue crews which mission is to return the dropped recon planes from the enemy territory. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Range_Acoustic_Device

https://visionsofbrightfuture.blogspot.com/

Precisely controlled light makes it possible to create layers that are only three atoms thick.

Making layers that are only three atoms thick can use to make the new extremely small-size microchips. But if those light tweezers can use on a large scale. That means this technology can use to create the new type of quantum materials. To the layers of some other material can put a couple of atom-thick layers. 

That is making them harder. But the ability to move single atoms can make it possible to create new and more complicated nanostructures than ever before. If that system is combined with things like fullerene or nanotubes. That means the system can install the iron or some other atoms to the carbon molecules. 

And in that case, the Van Der Waals forces between those atoms can use as the glue for making the new and more complicated nanostructures. The ability to move single atoms or only a couple of atoms at the same time makes it possible to create new molecules. Which angles are precisely positioned and that would make a revolution in nanotechnology. 

What if we could someday create the fullerene- or graphene-type material that is formed of neutrons?

If we could someday create the laser light that allows moving subatomic particles like neutrons we could make the material. That is harder than any other material. 

That material is called "neutron graphene". The "neutron graphene" is one of the most interesting hypothetical materials. If we could make the ball-shaped neutron structure where neutrons are connected with the polar connection that allows us to make the artificial neutron star on earth. If we would put that neutron structure to rotate in the magnetic field. That thing makes it possible to create a new type of generator. 

The idea of this material is that the neutrons are making the network like carbon atoms. In that structure, neutrons are connected by using their polarity as the glue. The difference between "neutron graphene" and carbon-based graphene is that the last one is forming of the subatomic particles. The neutron fullerene and neutron graphene are similar materials that is forming neutron stars. 

https://scitechdaily.com/controlling-light-more-precisely-than-ever-before-with-a-material-just-three-atoms-thick/

Image:https://scitechdaily.com/images/Controlling-Light-With-a-Material-Three-Atoms-Thick.jpg

https://visionsofbrightfuture.blogspot.com/

There is a possible planet outside the Milky Way

The founding of the exoplanet candidate from the other galaxy is not very surprising. The thing is that other galaxies are similar to Milky Way. And that means there must be solar systems and planets like in our galaxy. 

That means the universe is "full of planets" and we are just waiting to find a planet that can have lifeforms. The most feared moment is when we are first making contact with other civilizations. That time will be someday in the future. Even we would be alone in our galaxy, there is the possibility that there are other intelligent species in other galaxies. 

The visions of the future of the human race

And now I will explain why I believe that someday the human race will meat aliens. Even there is no other intelligent species other than humans in our Galaxy there is the possibility. That someday in the future we are moving to space and other planets. 

In the future, the human race will travel to our solar system. And during that project, the goal would be the case that some colonists are born and die in the colonies. The thing is that those colonists are sooner or later stopped to keep in contact with their families. Maybe the persons who are moving to the colonies from the Earth will keep in contact. But for people who were born in colonies would never see Earth. 

In some visions, the evolution would form the creature called "Homo Sapiens Spaces". In that vision. Some people would spend their entire life in zero-gravity conditions. In that case, the muscles and bones of those people are turning weak. And if that thing happens. Those people who were born in space stations that have no artificial gravitation would crush in gravitation fields. 

"Solar Warden" is the hypothetical station in which zero-gravitation conditions make crew unable to return. 

That idea is an origin for the conspiracy theory that the genetically engineered engineers would put to live in the space station. That environment makes it easy to control those people. That crew could communicate with computers by using a brain control interface. 

And those crews could connect to the entirety with each other and central computer. So that a hypothetical space station can use as the data handling center. In that system, the brains of the crew and central computers will be acting as an entirety. 

So those people cannot ever land on planets. The same thing happens if the crew of the space station stays too long in that place. So that's why artificial gravitation is necessary for space stations and long-term space journeys if we want to get crew back to Earth. 

During those journeys, our descendants need very advanced bio- and genetic engineering. For making the colonists fit their new home planets. That kind of thing makes the colonists aliens to other colonists. That means that the colonists who are genetically engineered for their environment might not even look like being members of the same species that have conquered the entire galaxy. 

But if that kind of thing is the future of mankind we must say that we are a little bit too lucky. In that kind of situation, we would be the luckiest civilization in the entire universe. 

https://scitechdaily.com/first-evidence-for-a-possible-planet-outside-of-the-milky-way-galaxy/ 

https://visionsofbrightfuture.blogspot.com/

There are lots of data stored in superconducting material in the universe.

 

Scientists have long time predicted that there is a connection between the physical universe and information. All material in the universe can turn to energy and backward. So energy is wave movement. And wave movement is information. 

When we are thinking about information like wave movement and especially radio waves there is lots of data stored in superconducting material all around the universe. The problem is how to make that information come out from material? 

But if that thing is someday possible to make. That thing would bring new data about the beginning of the universe and even aliens. The thing is that the metal bites are storing data if they are superconducting. And that data can download to the computers. The process is similar to the qubit and the system must know precisely the frequencies and power of the radio transmission. 

The data is downloaded to the radio by using an antenna or the object will stress from the opposite side by using radio waves. And in that case, the radio signal is used as a carrier. The receiver will observe the changes in the carrier wave. And that thing will make it possible to return the data that is stored in the particles. Of course, the process is not so easy as I described. 

Sources

https://scitechdaily.com/physicist-quantifies-amount-of-information-in-entire-visible-universe/

The black hole laser can have quantum computer and communication applications.

How it works: diagram showing how a soliton (top) plays the role of a mirrored laser cavity (bottom). (Courtesy: Haruna Katayama/Hiroshima University)(https://physicsworld.com/a/black-hole-laser-could-have-quantum-computing-applications/)

The X- or gamma-rays can use for non-radio communication through walls. 

In some visions, robots of tomorrow would communicate by using X-ray systems. The robots are using cathode rays and X-ray cameras for communicating through walls. The X- or gamma-ray-based communication system can make it possible to make a communication system that is impossible to track. 

That kind of theoretical communication system is always immune against the radiosonde.  In the future robots can use X-ray systems for communicating in areas where is lots of radio turbulence. And if some systems like eavesdropping equipment are using X-ray LED for communication that makes them impossible to detect. And the same systems can use to make the X- or gamma-ray images of the targets. So those systems will be multipurpose tools. 

Hawking radiation could be an interesting tool for communication. 

The principle of the black hole laser is simple. The laser ray will target to soliton which increases the power of the wave movement. And when the power of the wave movement is high enough that thing should transmit Hawking radiation to outside the soliton. Term soliton means the wave packet that strengths itself. Hawking radiation is one of the most interesting things that can use to transmit data. 

Only black holes are creating this type of radiation. And that means the Hawking radiation can use to data transporter. There is the possibility to make a laser system that can transmit data by using Hawking radiation. If there is some kind of sensor that can receive Hawking radiation. 

And transfer it to the electric signal that things can use to communicate through walls by using some other electromagnetic radiation than radio waves. The Hawking radiation along with Gamma- and X-ray frequencies could open new routes to communication technology. Those frequencies of radiation offer a new way to communicate through walls. 

https://physicsworld.com/a/black-hole-laser-could-have-quantum-computing-applications/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soliton

Image:https://physicsworld.com/a/black-hole-laser-could-have-quantum-computing-applications/

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/2021/10/there-are-lots-of-data-stored-in.html

Expansion of the universe and gravitational waves are interesting things.

Gravitational waves are one of the biggest things that are discovered in the history of science. But the question is what gravitational waves exactly are. The gravitational waves are the things that are traveling through the universe. So is gravitation some kind of wave movement? Or is the gravitational wave the change of the mass of dark matter?

Scientists are not sure what gravitational waves are. They can be the graviton bursts around the universe. But the problem is that there are no observations about gravitons. 

There is only the wave where the weight of the material is somehow increasing. So there is the possibility that the gravitons are causing the gravitational waves. But another possibility is that the gravitational wave is the result of the radiation or wave movement between dark matter particles. The wave movement has a strange ability. 

When it affects the particles their mass is rising. So the easiest explanation for the gravitational wave is that it's the wave movement that is an interaction between dark matter particles. That thing could be the explanation for the question. Why do the gravitational waves seem to have no connection with another wave movement? 

If the wave movement is an interaction between dark matter particles. That means that the gravitation might not an independent force at all. But that thing is not sure. When we are thinking that model closer we are facing one interesting thing. 

When wave movement or particles are traveling outside the universe it will decrease the mass of the universe. When a particle crosses the gravitational limit of the universe that thing never returns. 

And universe ever gets that lost mass back. That thing will decrease the mass of the universe and increase the speed of its expansion.

Dark matter forms 85% of the material of the universe. But most of the universe is forming of the dark wave movement called "dark energy". Dark energy is wave movement that we cannot see because it doesn't cause notable interaction between particles of the visible material. 

There is one idea of what dark energy can be. The idea is that it's similar wave movement with neutron radiation. When the dark energy hits the quantum field of the dark matter it sends radiation that is invisible to us. 

But that radiation pushes the dark matter particles away from each other. And the dark matter wave movement would be a similar reaction that happens in the neutron bomb. But the scale of that reaction is much much larger than reactions in neutron bombs. 

Distance of dark matter particles increases when they are sending wave movement.  The wave movement is pushing those particles away from each other. When the mass of particles is decreasing the wave movement is pushing them away from each other harder. And that increases the speed of expansion of the universe. 

And another thing is that when the particles are sending wave movement that thing makes the particles lighter. So when the most dominating group of particles is sending radiation, that thing causes the effect, where the large mass of the universe vanishes to space in the form of wave movement.

The reason for the expansion of the universe. Is that it loses its mass in the form of wave movement. That travels outside the universe. Then we are thinking universe as the form of the bubble where the entire confirmed material exists. 

That bubble locates in the middle of the emptiness. Outside the universe is no energy that can interact either with dark or visible material. And the energy is transferring from the universe which is the higher energetic area to the lower energetic area. 

Material and energy are the same things. All the time when the universe sends radiation its mass decreases. The reason that thing is happening. Is that there is no replacing radiation when the radiation travels outside the universe. 

https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/page/what-are-gw

https://www.sciencefocus.com/science/what-are-gravitons-and-do-they-really-exist/

https://www.universetoday.com/153070/primordial-gravitational-waves-continue-to-elude-astronomers/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_wave

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

China tested a space-capable hypersonic missile.

Hypersonic weapons are the new threat in space. The weapon itself is the warhead that is designed to glide to the target using gentler trajectories than a conventional warhead. The hypersonic glider is a miniature shuttle that can return to base if it is not used in operations. The gentle trajectory makes it possible that the nuclear weapon can detonate in front of the tunnels or even inside them. And that thing makes it possible to use smaller warheads against hard targets. 

The scramjet technology makes those weapons even more dangerous. The thing that is forgotten in hypersonic missiles is that the same vehicles can use as independent missiles. Or they can install it in the nose of the ICBM missile. That means that the scramjet-driven cruise missile can shoot to orbital- or suborbital trajectory by using a conventional rocket. Then that scramjet-driven missile can dive through the atmosphere and start the hypersonic flight against its target. 

The hypersonic missile can use against all targets. Ships, ground installations, and aircraft can be targets of that kind of missiles. The atmosphere flying hypersonic missile can use rapid air turbine for making the electricity for the microwave system that can plow the road ahead of the missile. And that kind of thing can make those systems even more deadly than people believe. The microwave system makes scramjet-driven missiles hard to destroy. Because a high-power microwave system can destroy incoming air defense missiles. 

The hypersonic missile can use nuclear or conventional warheads. But the kinetic energy of the scramjet-driven missiles is enormous. When over a 1000 kilogram vehicle hits to target with the speed that is between Mach 8-12 that thing is devastating itself. 

The speed of those missiles is much higher than the depleted uranium ammunition of the famous GAU-8 cannon. And the weight of ammunition is much higher than the ammunition of GAU-8. That machine cannon destroys the main battle tank with one shot. So everybody can imagine what the 1000 kilogram ammunition makes when it strikes to target. 

https://www.ft.com/content/ba0a3cde-719b-4040-93cb-a486e1f843fb

The galactic civilizations

Futuristic alien city

The galactic civilizations or Kardashev scale 3 civilizations are the speculations of the models of advancing intelligent lifeforms. And I certainly hope that humans would someday in the future after thousands of years reach this scale. But the fact is that before species would turn to galactic or even interstellar scale civilization it must first conquer its solar system. 

That is the first step for conquer the entire universe. But for taking the first step in the Kardashev scale the species must have the motive to make that kind of step. Making the bases to other planets is not cheap. And that's why there must be some kind of motive for that kind of investment. 

One of the reasons why the civilization would want to establish bases and then cities to other planets could be the lack of raw materials and then overpopulation. The thing is that making the cities for ordinary people who have no training for space operations is a little bit different thing than making the base for maybe 20-50 highly-trained specialists. 

If the species want to solve the problems of overpopulation by dumping its people into space. That requires extreme high-class construction skills and also huge investments in technology.

Even the cities with a population of millions are not solving the problems of planetary-scale overpopulation. But creating large-scale bases for the other planets can cause the chain reaction that makes civilization take the next step in the Kardashev scale and conquer the other solar system. 

There can be two types of population in the civilization of tomorrow. The spaceship crew that ever land to planets. 

Those creatures might awaken during the journey. And the crew that is landing on planets. The last ones might travel in deep hypothermia or frozen in zero degrees kelvin. 

The scale of the universe is enormous. And that means if there is no faster-than-light technology the journeys between solar systems take a very long time. So the advantage of that kind of civilization can be that there are two types of citizens. 

The population that lives in the spacecraft all their life. And the population that lives on planets. Maybe the last ones are traveling between solar systems in deep hypothermia. And during those journeys, the generations of the ship crew are chancing. 

The thing is that there are lots of resources in the solar systems. But resources are not endless. And sooner or later all asteroids are used in artificial worlds and cities that are under giant domes. So the civilization would start to move to another solar system. In that case, there could be other civilizations that might resist those conquerors. 

And that can begin the star wars. The war between civilizations is not a very nice thing. The weapons that those civilizations use might be antimatter clouds and mega-lasers that can terminate entire stars. In some scenarios, the Kardashev II-scale civilization would be the biggest threat to other civilizations. 

That kind of civilization might trust its technology and skills so much that it can try to sweep other civilizations away from it. The thing is that if two civilizations are on the same technical level. That thing might force them to discuss things. And maybe death stars and antimatter cannons are helping to make bridges between civilizations. But the future might show the future of the human race? Is it bright or is it dark? The choice is us. Or our descendants. And we cannot see the future. We can just try to predict it. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardashev_scale

Virgin Galactic space shuttle

Space tourism is opening the road to solar system-scale operations and stable bases at other planets. 

Space tourism is making it possible to create technology that allows non-trained persons to fly at orbiter. Those kinds of systems are needed in the most dangerous moments of space trips. The lifting-off and return are the most dangerous moments in space travel. 

Space tourism can be the key to conquering the entire solar system. Today the space tourist's journeys take quite a short time. The future can be different. And some companies are creating plans for space hotels where people could stay longer time. 

That thing can cause some kind of changes in the proteins of neurons. The article below this part of the text highlights that there are no structural damages in brains. 

The thing is that the astronauts are staying in ISS for about 4-5 months. And the space tourist spends there about 1-2 hours. So the brain damages might be not so large as they could. 

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/931125

Image:https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/virgin-galactic-richard-branson

https://aboutspaceandtech.blogspot.com/

About the history of computers. From binary- to quantum systems.

 

I'm just looking at my new Windows 11 update. And that thing brings interesting ideas to my mind. The research and development of quantum computers are faster than ever before. Even today we can use quantum computers by using remote connections. 

But the fast-advancing tools in that sector cause that will be the time when quantum computers are for sale in supermarkets. The development and advancement of quantum computers are following the route of binary computers. The binary computers came out from laboratories. And then they became personal equipment. 

The rise of the internet caused that the information stored in the network stations and the thing called PHP (Preprocessed Hypertext) made it possible that also small computers can use to drive complicated code. The PHP means that the system outsources complicated calculations in the calculation center. And the PHP would be the base for the systems that are used to operate quantum computers. 

If the quantum computer is installed in some calculation center. That means there is one more level in those supercomputers. The data is downloaded from the net to the binary supercomputers that are preprocessed to the quantum system. 

And the same way when quantum computers process data and finish its run it would download and turn to the binary mode by using those supercomputers. The advancing hardware means that quantum computers are turning smaller and cheaper. 

2D microchips can be stabilized by using pressure and low temperature at the same time. 

The 2D microchips are more suitable for small-size quantum devices than regular 3D structures. The reason for that is that stabilization of the 2D or flat structures is easier than 3D structures. The system can use both low temperature and pressure for stabilizing the quantum systems. 

That allows the quantum system to operate in higher temperatures than old-fashion quantum systems. The compact-size quantum computers can be the next step for computing. 

And when quantum computers are turning compact and more often. That thing means that the data that is protected by using binary computers is dangered. Even we want to resist the advancing of quantum technology we must remember the development of binary computers. 

From the first electronic computer, ENIAC was only a small step to personal digital computers. The ENIAC step into service in 1945. And the IBM PC, the first personal computer entered to markets in 1981. And if we are looking at the advancing of the computers we must realize that if somebody said that we have a 4 gt memory block in a computer that we can carry in briefcase other people said that the sayer has some problems. 

Quantum computers are advancing very high speed. And quantum computers are used to plan and research new and more powerful quantum systems. The size of quantum computers decreases. And that means the first robots that are controlled by the internal quantum computers might be a door. There is nobody who can control the development of that thing. 

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Dark matter could offer an endless energy source.

The ion technology. And virtual antigravitation. 

There is introduced an idea that the source of Hawking radiation is very close to the event horizon. The Hawking radiation is introduced being the emission radiation. Which source is in the highly energetic photons that are sometimes escaping behind the event horizon. 

But in some theories, the source of the Hawking radiation is in the high energetic interaction between dark matter particles. And if that thing is true that means when the energy level is rising high enough that can make conditions where the dark energy which is predicted being electromagnetic wave movement which source is in dark matter interaction. 

So when the energy level or temperature of dark matter is rising high enough. That thing makes the interaction between dark energy and visible material possible. In some particle-accelerator tests, the particles are put travel with extremely high speed that thing hoped to cause an impact between the visible particle and dark matter particle. 

When that particle would impact with opposite traveling particle the energy level in that impact is higher than the energy level that is driven to those particles in the particle accelerator. If that kind of interaction is possible the dark matter can offer endless energy sources. 

If we can make the fusion or antimatter reactor that uses dark matter. That thing makes it possible to make safe reactors. The radiation of those hypothetical reactions cannot affect us. 

Theoretically, there could be a possibility to create silent hovering of the "Black Triangle". By removing the quantum field below it. That technology is easier to make than use the regular ion technology. 

Maybe only rising ion cloud is enough. But that system requires a powerful ion system. There is a possibility to make the ion cloud under the craft and then the opposite polar ion field will pull ions upward. And if the power of this system is high enough. There is the possibility that rising ions are making pillar that hovers this "Black Triangle" UFO. 

When we are thinking about the levitation of antigravity spacecraft. There is the possibility to make that thing by stretching the quantum fields around the craft. Theoretically pulling the quantum field from outside by using the more powerful field that is not transmitting energy to that area is possible. So that thing causes the electromagnetic vacuum in that area. And the electromagnetic field will try to fill that area. The problem is how to deny that there is no energy pumped in the quantum field. 

If we are thinking possibility that dark energy is radiation that just does not interact with other than dark matter particles. We might think of the possibility that the source for that wave movement is the annihilation between dark matter and anti-dark matter particles. But that thing requires that the mirror-version of the dark matter exists. 

There could be an antimatter version of dark matter. 

So there could be some kind of fusions and annihilation between the dark matter particles. And in theory, those kinds of reactions can offer an endless energy source. But there is one requirement for that thing. And that requirement is that the dark energy that is released from the dark matter reaction can be conducted to the visible matter. 

The system that uses anti-dark matter and dark matter fusion or annihilation can be a black hole. First, all visible material is filtered away from it. And then the dark matter will conduct from two lines to that point. But the problem is how to make that thing in real life. 

If the fusion of annihilation between dark matter particles can benefit that thing offers an endless energy source. And that kind of energy source would be safe. The radiation that is released from those reactions would not interact with visible particles. But the problem is how to conduct the radiation which origin is in the dark matter to the regular batteries. 

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/